黄曲霉毒素B1人工抗原及鼠源多克隆抗血清的制备

目的:研究合成并鉴定了黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)人工抗原,通过动物免疫生产亲和力高、特异性好的鼠源AFB1多克隆抗血清。方法:采用N-羟琥珀酰亚胺酯(N-hydroxy-succinimide NHS)法将AFB1分别偶联于载体蛋白BSA和OVA上,分别合成免疫抗原AFB1-BSA和包被抗原AFB1-OVA,采用紫外分光光度法和SDS-PAGE进行鉴定,通过动物免疫实验获得鼠源多抗血清,并使用间接ELISA和阻断ELISA的方法对多抗血清进行了鉴定。结果:结果表明半抗原AFB1分别和载体蛋白BSA及OVA偶联成功;免疫的6只小鼠效价均达1×10-4以上,3号小鼠多抗血清敏感性最好,半数抑制浓度IC50(50% inhibitive concentration,IC50)为8.199ng/mL。结论:实验成功合成了AFB1人工抗原,并生产了高效价、高敏感性的鼠源多克隆抗体血清,为AFB1单克隆抗体制备及其快速检测试剂的研制奠定了坚实的基础。     

量子点荧光微球免疫法定量检测小麦中黄曲霉毒素B1

摘 要: 目的 建立量子点荧光微球免疫法快速检测小麦中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法。方法 采用量子点荧光微球作为荧光标记物,与黄曲霉毒素B1的单克隆抗体偶联,构建量子点荧光微球探针。优化缓冲液pH、抗体最小标记量、荧光探针用量和包被抗原浓度等实验条件,建立检测卡上T线和C线信号峰值面积的比值与样本中黄曲霉毒素B1浓度的关系,构建定量标准曲线。针对小麦样品,将该检测方法与时间分辨荧光定量检测方法进行比较。结果 本研究建立的荧光定量免疫层析检测方法最佳反应条件为：pH 7.5磷酸钠缓冲液,抗体标记量为20 μg,荧光探针用量为4.0 μL,抗原质量浓度使用0.40 mg/mL。小麦中黄曲霉毒素B1的定量检测线性范围为0.05 μg/kg-25 μg/kg,其线性拟合方程为Y= -0.6058X + 12.523（r2=0.9994）,检出限为0.02 μg/kg,定量限为0.05 μg/kg。加标回收率在91.50%~115.00%之间,变异系数在1.88%~4.35%之间。结论 本研究建立的荧光定量免疫层析方法快速、准确、稳定性好、可靠性高,适用于小麦中黄曲霉毒素B1的现场快速检测。     

微波辅助碱法降解稻米粉中的黄曲霉毒素B1

针对稻米粉中可能存在的黄曲霉毒素污染问题,考察了微波辅助碱法处理对稻米粉中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的降解效果.研究结果表明:稻米粉中AFB1的初始浓度对其降解率的影响不显著;在碱处理pH10.0、料液比1∶25、单位质量微波功率7.5 W/g和处理时间9 min的条件下,稻米粉中AFB1的降解率为98.5％,AFB1残留量为1.32 μg/kg,符合国家标准(＜10 μg/kg);经该法制备的稻米粉,其基本成分变化不大,营养成分损失较少.由于微波辅助碱法降解条件温和、操作简单、降解效率高,可应用于受黄曲霉毒素污染的粮食物料.     

纳米免疫传感器法快速测定粮油食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1

摘要：本文以改性壳聚糖为固定化材料,包埋固定纳米金胶微粒及黄曲霉毒素B1抗体制备信号放大型纳米免疫传感器,建立了免疫传感器测定黄曲霉毒素B1的方法;优化了纳米免疫传感器的制备条件及检测参数;基于AFB1抗体与抗原之间的特异性免疫反应,以K3[Fe(CN)6]为探针,利用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了其免疫反应对传感器响应电流的影响,结果表明免疫响应电流与底液中AFB1的浓度在0.1～1.1 ng mL-1范围内成线性关系,其校正曲线方程为IP =-4.9274x +15.108（R 2= 0.9912）,其最低检测限为0.05 ng mL-1（S/N=3）;该免疫传感器的稳定性和重现性较好。利用该法对花生油、玉米油等实际样品中的AFB1进行了检测,其回收率为在87.8～98.2%,检测精确度优于ELISA试剂盒法,用于粮油食品中黄曲霉毒素的快速检测是可行的。     

磁分离结合CdTe发光量子点标记黄曲霉毒素B1免疫检测新方法

将发光量子点标记技术与磁分离富集技术相结合,基于竞争免疫分析,成功构建了黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)免疫检测新方法。首先合成了巯基丙酸包覆的CdTe发光量子点,同时采用水热法合成了氨基化磁性纳米粒子,通过TEM成像、荧光光谱、XRD、红外光谱等分别对其进行了表征。随后以AFB1人工抗原功能化磁性纳米粒子作为捕获探针,以发光量子点标记免疫球蛋白G(二抗)作为信号探针,基于磁性纳米粒子表面AFB1人工抗原和样品中AFB1与AFB1单克隆抗体之间的竞争免疫结合,建立了AFB1新型检测方法。实验优化条件下,荧光强度与黄曲霉毒素B1质量浓度在0.1~100 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.03 ng/mL。实际样品中加标回收实验结果表明,新方法准确性良好。     

基于免疫层析图像可视化的黄曲霉毒素B1快速定量方法

黄曲霉毒素B1是一种毒性最大的黄曲霉毒素,与人类肝癌的病因有关。以黄曲霉毒素B1胶体金检测卡为载体,将黄曲霉毒素B1检测信息通过胶体金检测技术进行可视化呈现。采用电荷耦合器件记录检测信息,利用颜色空间进行数学建模,并将可视化信息进行数字化提取。通过建立的模型途径将获取黄曲霉毒素B1含量的信息进行识别与表达。结果表明:制备的黄曲霉毒素B1胶体金检测卡T线和C线的颜色距离与AFB1样品浓度呈线性相关(R2=0.986)。图像信息显示,质量浓度为20 μg/kg的平行样间的相对标准偏差小于2.7%的点占97%;质量浓度为10 μg/kg时,相对标准偏差小于3.6%的点为90%;质量浓度为5 μg/kg相对标准偏差小于4%的点达到96%以上。本研究方法获取的线性结果与人工试验所得的线性结果间最大误差为5.93%,与高效液相色谱试验结果对比,无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。该方法能够同时对多个层析检测卡样本信息进行记录,实现一次检测试验可以完成多个样品多指标定量检测和结果输出,为黄曲霉毒素B1的快速定量提供了一种有效途径。     

黄曲霉毒素B1完全抗原构建中结合位点研究

通过衍生化反应,合成了AFB1羧甲基活化物,然后利用碳二亚胺法合成AFB1-O-BSA偶联物,构建AFB1完全抗原,并通过多种光谱和质谱对合成完全抗原过程中偶联比和结合位点进行研究。通过荧光光谱在分子水平上探讨AFB1与BSA载体蛋白的偶联机制及偶联反应对BSA的构象影响,推测黄曲霉毒素和牛血清白蛋白反应的结合部位,同时发生在BSA的酪氨酸残基和色氨酸残基上,使得BSA疏水性增加,肽链伸展程度降低。     

罗丹明123人工抗原的合成及抗体的酶联免疫检测

为建立罗丹明B(rhodamine B)的免疫分析方法,采用戊二醛法,将半抗原罗丹明123与载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)及卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备免疫抗原R123-B S A和包被抗原R123-OVA。经动物免疫实验证实人工抗原合成,并制备抗罗丹明123的多克隆抗体,此抗体同时能够检测食品中的罗丹明B,且最低检测限为0.001ng/mL。     

应用抗黄曲霉毒素单链抗体检测酱油中黄曲霉毒素B1

利用本实验室制备的抗黄曲霉毒素B1的单链抗体(ScFv),通过棋盘实验确定了抗原抗体的最适工作浓度,在此之上根据间接竞争酶联免疫法(ELISA)绘制标准曲线,检测酱油中AFB1的含量;通过改变样品的盐浓度及pH来确定其对ELISA检测结果的影响。研究结果表明,利用ScFv检测黄曲霉毒素的最小检测值为0.10ng/mL,平均加标回收率在84%～109%之间,本文建立的ELISA方法在pH5～8,盐浓度小于10%时较稳定。本文建立的利用抗AFB1的ScFv检测黄曲霉毒素含量的方法方便快捷,稳定性较好,并且成本较低,适合于食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测。     

多功能净化柱高效液相色谱法检测稻米中的黄曲霉毒素B1的研究

建立多功能净化柱净化高效液相色谱法检测稻米中的黄曲霉毒素B1的方法。稻米样品经V（乙腈）∶V（水）=84∶16提取,多功能净化柱净化,三氟乙酸衍生化,高效液相色谱法荧光检测器检测。黄曲霉毒素B1浓度在0.010~100 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为y=60.431x+0.163 8,相关系数R2=0.999 9。该方法的检出限为0.1 μg/kg,加标回收率为82.25%~98.52%,标准偏差（SD）为2.23%~3.62%,比普通的0.45 μm微孔滤膜净化的要高。该法操作简便易行、选择性高、检测效果好,适合大批量粮油作物中黄曲霉毒素的检测,有利于推广应用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the