2,5-二甲基-N-吡咯乙酸芳樟酯的合成及其卷烟加香应用研究

以2,5-己二酮和甘氨酸为原料,以冰醋酸为催化剂,通过Pall-Knorr反应生成2,5-二甲基-N-吡咯乙酸,然后在EDC的缩合作用下与芳樟醇反应生成2,5-二甲基-N-吡咯乙酸芳樟酯。通过1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、HRMS等方法对产物的结构进行验证。并对产物进行热重分析以及热裂解行为研究,分析鉴定出了50多种裂解产物,其多数为致香物质。对目标物进行卷烟加香评吸,结果表明该物质能改善卷烟吸味,减轻卷烟吸食刺激性,增强香气。     

TGA和Py-GC/MS研究琥珀酸单薄荷酯的热失重和热裂解行为

应用热重分析法（TGA）和裂解气相色谱/质谱联用仪（Py-GC/MS）对天然香料琥珀酸单薄荷酯的热失重和热裂解行为及其产物进行了研究。用热重分析法建立了琥珀酸单薄荷酯主反应区热失重过程的动力学模型,并计算出相应的动力学参数。通过Py-GC/MS,分别在300,400,500,600,700,800和900℃下对琥珀酸单薄荷酯进行热裂解,对裂解产物进行了定性和半定量分析。共鉴定出薄荷醇、薄荷烯和琥珀酸等75种裂解产物,并研究了其相对含量随温度升高而变化的规律。结果表明,琥珀酸单薄荷酯在700℃以下裂解出薄荷醇、p-薄荷-3-烯和3-甲基-6-异丙基环己烯等具有致香和清凉作用的物质,而700℃以上没有释放出致香物质。随着裂解温度的升高,裂解产物越来越复杂,有害物质如苯、甲苯、蒽和荧蒽等的含量也逐渐增加。此研究为该化合物在卷烟燃烧过程中的转移行为提供了例证,并为烟草制品加香技术提供了一定的理论依据,有利于琥珀酸单薄荷酯在卷烟产品的应用。     

枫槭浸膏热裂解产物分析及其在卷烟中的应用

采用裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用(Py-GC-MS)模拟卷烟燃烧过程,将枫槭浸膏分别在不同温度(300℃,600℃,900℃)下进行热裂解,将热解产物直接引入气相色谱-质谱仪进行定性、定量分析,并进行卷烟加香实验.结果表明:枫槭浸膏裂解产物主要是醛类、酮类、酯类和杂环类物质,大多具有优雅的香味;随着裂解温度的升高,裂解产物变得较为复杂,这有助于提高卷烟香韵的丰富性.卷烟加香试验表明,枫槭浸膏在烟丝中的添加量宜控制在0.02%,可突出焦甜香韵和改善卷烟的抽吸品质.     

香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成及在卷烟中的应用

为了开发释香稳定型烟用香料,采用相转移催化法合成香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷,对合成的香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷进行热裂解分析,并将其加入卷烟中,考察其向主流烟气粒相中的热解释放行为及加香应用效果。结果表明：(1)采用相转移催化法可制得香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷,产物结构通过1H NMR、13C NMR、FTIR和HRMS技术得到确证。(2)在不同温度下,香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的主要裂解产物均为香芹酚。(3)以不同加香方式在卷烟中添加香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷可以达到不同的加香效果。烟丝加香方式下添加香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的卷烟释香更均匀稳定,加香效果优于香芹酚。(4)添加香芹酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的卷烟在抽吸时可向主流烟气粒相中释放香芹酚,且随着加香量的增大香芹酚释放量呈增大趋势,而在主流烟气粒相中香芹酚的转移率则较稳定。     

丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成、热裂解及其在卷烟中的应用

为了掌握丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷在卷烟中的应用情况,对所合成的丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷进行热失重及热裂解-气相色谱-质谱（Py-GC-MS）分析;将丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷添加至卷烟中,考察其加香应用效果,采用GC-MS考察其在卷烟主流烟气中的释放行为。结果表明：(1)丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的热稳定性相比丁香酚明显提升。(2)丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷在约220℃开始发生裂解,热裂解的主要产物为丁香酚,其他产物有糠醛、苯酚和2-甲氧基苯酚等。(3)添加丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的卷烟烟气能释放丁香酚,且其释放量随糖苷添加量的增加而增加,具有良好的释香稳定性和均匀性,糖苷在卷烟中应用的添加方式不同可达不同的加香效果。丁香酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷可作为一种稳定的烟用香料前体应用于卷烟加香中。     

低级脂肪酸多元醇混合酯的合成及其在烟草中的加香评价

为了开发新的烟用香原料,以低级脂肪酸和多元醇为原料,TiSiW12O40/TiO2作催化剂,合成了8种低级脂肪酸多元醇酯.采用MS、GC/MS、Py/GC/MS对合成产物进行了分析,并对其在卷烟中的加香效果进行了感官评价.结果表明:①TiSiW12O40/TiO2能够有效催化低级脂肪酸多元醇酯的合成,产物为一酯化至五酯化的混合酯;②这些酯热裂解生成相应的脂肪酸及多种挥发性小分子香味物质;③乙酸葡萄糖酯、异丁酸葡萄糖酯、异戊酸葡萄糖酯、异戊酸木糖醇酯和己酸木糖醇酯具有协调烤烟型卷烟烟香,提高香气质,改善口感等作用,其适宜添加量分别为1.0×10-5、2.0×10-5、2.0×10-5、5×10-6、5×10-6;④丁酸甘油酯、丁酸木糖醇酯和异丁酸木糖醇酯加香效果不明显,而且添加量过大,还会对卷烟的感官品质产生不良影响.     

八仙果浸膏挥发成分与热裂解产物分析及其在卷烟中的应用

为开发新型天然烟用香料,采用超声波溶剂提取法制得八仙果提取物,对其挥发性成分进行固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱分析,并对其热裂解产物进行分析。结果表明:八仙果裂解前后挥发性成分有较大的差异性,其中八仙果提取物共鉴定出53种化学成分,热裂解产物共鉴定出72种化合物。卷烟加香试验表明,八仙果提取物具有甜的膏香,略有凉感,能够提升卷烟香气丰富性和舒适性,具有改善烟气口感的作用,与烟香结合谐调,利于卷烟加香。     

脱氧果糖嗪在卷烟中的增香作用

为了解脱氧果糖嗪(DOF)的加香效果和使用剂量.对其在烤烟、烤烟叶组、白肋烟叶组、市售低焦油烤烟型卷烟和混合型卷烟、通风滤嘴和加长滤嘴低焦油烤烟型卷烟中的加香效果进行了感官评价,并采用GC/MS法分析了DOF在300、600、900 ℃下的热裂解产物及添加DOF卷烟主流烟气中的碱性香味成分.结果显示:对烤烟和烤烟叶组,DOF在丰富烟香浓度,改善细腻柔和程度方面有作用,适宜用量20μg/g;对白肋烟叶组,DOF在改善烟气细腻柔和程度,增强凝聚性方面作用较为明显,适宜用量50-100μg/g;市售低焦油烤烟型卷烟(盒标焦油8 me,/支)和混合型卷烟(盒标焦油10 mg/支)中加入DOF,其香气、谐调、刺激性和余味方面均有所改善;通风滤嘴和加长滤嘴低焦油卷烟中添加DOF,香气量、回甜感和余味方面均有明显改善,干燥程度等方面也有不同程度的改善;DOF的增香机理是,燃吸过程中DOF发生热裂解,释放出大量吡嗪类、吡啶类等小分子重要香味化合物,从而起到增进香气改善吸味的作用.     

Maillard反应产物的分级分离及卷烟加香评价

为揭示Maillard反应产物各组分的加香特征和找出具有良好加香效果的组分,以葡萄糖-脯氨酸的Maillard反应产物为研究对象,采用凝胶渗透色谱对产物进行分级分离,分级组分分别进行热裂解(Py)-GC/MS分析和卷烟加香评价。结果表明:1通过凝胶柱层析,可有效地将产物按分子量大小分级,实现产物的分级分离。2各组分间化合物种类有较大的差别,H1和H2组分主要为分子量较大的含氮杂环化合物,H3和H4组分主要为分子量相对较小的含氧杂环化合物。3分级后组分的卷烟加香效果优于未分级产物,且以分子量较大的组分效果最佳。     

银杏叶挥发油热裂解产物分析及其在卷烟中的应用

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取银杏叶挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱对挥发油及300、600、900℃热裂解产物进行了分析。结果表明,银杏叶挥发油共分离鉴定出104种化学成分,主要是醇、酮、醛类物质;挥发油在300℃热裂解后共分离鉴定出41种化合物,600℃热裂解后共鉴定出46种化合物,900℃热裂解后共鉴定出84种化合物。单料烟加香的评吸结果表明,银杏叶挥发油能与烟香谐调,提高香气质,增大香气量,余味有所改善。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press