广西发酵酸笋气味物质提取方法优化及比较分析

为了探究不同加工工艺对酸笋品质的影响,将麻竹笋采用切片和整根发酵两种方式处理,并分别添加盐、乳酸菌复合培养液两种不同加工辅料发酵制作酸笋,以传统添加水发酵为对照组,比较不同工艺加工酸笋的总酸、氨基态氮、亚硝酸盐、主体风味、感官评价、挥发性风味物质以及微观结构的变化。结果表明,切片酸笋氨基态氮平均含量较整根酸笋高38.2%,酸度低于整根发酵酸笋,组织结构更为疏松,挥发性物质种类比整根发酵酸笋多12种,亚硝酸盐含量差异不显著;添加盐和接种发酵酸笋中,盐发酵酸笋较接种发酵酸笋氨基态氮含量高10.6%,挥发性物质种类盐发酵比接种发酵酸笋多4种,接种发酵酸笋酸度高于盐发酵酸笋,亚硝酸盐含量显著低于盐发酵（P<0.05）,所有发酵成品酸笋亚硝酸盐含量均低于3.5 mg/kg。感官评价结果显示,盐发酵的切片酸笋其色泽、口感最好,评分高达91分,综合分析得出切片盐发酵得到的酸笋酸度适宜,品质最佳。本研究为酸笋的生产工艺及工业化应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

     

乳酸菌影响腌制芥菜亚硝酸盐含量的通径分析

目的 探索一种优质、安全的芥菜腌制方法。方法 采用3因素3水平的正交试验方法,研究了接种短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、植物乳杆菌(L. plantarum)和干酪乳杆菌(L. casei)对腌制芥菜品质和亚硝酸盐含量的影响。结果 影响腌制芥菜亚硝酸盐和感官指标的主要因素均为短乳杆菌,影响腌制芥菜总酸、氨基态氮含量的主要因素分别为植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌。本试验的最佳工艺组合为,鲜芥菜接种15 mL/kg短乳杆菌+20 mL/kg干酪乳杆菌,腌制芥菜的氨基态氮含量(12.7 mg/kg)比对照高10.4%,亚硝酸盐含量(0.46mg/kg)比对照降低60.3%。结论 短乳杆菌是影响腌制芥菜亚硝酸盐含量的决策因子;干酪乳杆菌构成了影响腌制芥菜亚硝酸盐含量波动的限制因子,主要通过氨基态氮对亚硝酸盐含量产生较大的间接正向作用。     

富硒榨菜腌制工艺探究

主要研究榨菜在不同腌制条件下(初腌加盐量8%,复腌加盐量5%和1%;初腌加盐量5%,复腌加盐量8%和5%),添加等比例的乳酸菌和亚硒酸钠后亚硝酸盐的变化趋势和成品中富硒情况的对比,得出结论:榨菜在初腌加盐量5%,复腌加盐量5%时亚硝酸盐峰值最低,为5.06 mg/kg,乳酸菌的繁殖最为迅速,且成品的含硒量最高。     

乳酸菌对发酵豆豉品质的影响

目的研究4株不同乳酸菌对豆豉发酵产生氨基态氮含量、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)以及挥发性成分的影响。方法将高密度培养后的4株乳酸菌:植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LF)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus,LA)、瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei,LH)分别接入豆豉成曲进行发酵,与未添加乳酸菌的对照组作比较,测定发酵完成后氨基态氮含量、γ-氨基丁酸含量,并用气相色谱质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测各豆豉挥发性成分。结果添加乳酸菌发酵的豆豉氨基态氮含量都高于对照组豆豉,以LF、LP、LA效果明显,其中LF最为明显,达到2.355 g/100 g;添加LH、LP发酵豆豉产GABA含量高于对照组豆豉,其中LH最高,达38.2 mg/g;LF豆豉共检测出风味物质46种,LP豆豉共检测出风味物质50种,LH共检测出风味物质58种,LA共检测出风味物质49种,对照组未添加乳酸菌豆豉共检测出风味物质60种。结论本研究的结果为开发保健型发酵豆制品,4株不同乳酸菌发酵豆豉的应用提供信息。     

纯种接种生产优质泡菜的研究

通过分析接入不同乳酸菌和自然发酵泡菜过程中亚硝酸盐、酸度、氨基态氮含量、乳酸菌和杂菌数的变化,发现人工接入混合菌种泡菜风味较好,亚硝酸盐含量较低,生产时间短,是一种较好的低盐度泡菜生产方法。     

葡萄球菌在传统捆蹄生产中的应用

采用单因素试验和正交试验设计对人工发酵生产传统捆蹄的加工工艺进行研究。通过测定产品的pH、亚硝酸盐含量、氨基态氮含量,优化其生产工艺参数。结果表明:最佳发酵条件为乳酸菌与葡萄球菌比例7∶3,接种量30mL/kg,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间32h。在此条件下制作出的发酵捆蹄酸度适宜,营养丰富。     

纯种接种生产优质泡菜的研究

通过分析接入不同乳酸菌和自然发酵泡菜过程中亚硝酸盐、酸度、氨基态氮含量、乳酸菌和杂菌数的变化,发现人工接入混合菌种泡菜风味较好,亚硝酸盐含量较低,生产时间短,是一种较好的低盐度泡菜生产方法。      

自然发酵与人工接种发酵法发酵泡菜的品质比较

以甘肃大宗蔬菜高原夏菜中娃娃菜的尾菜为主要腌制原料,在传统泡菜工艺腌制的基础上,以0.5%的接种量接种混合菌种(柠檬明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌植物亚种:短乳杆菌=2:3:1,浓度比),于20℃条件下发酵,通过测定泡菜中还原糖、总酸、氨基酸肽氮、亚硝酸盐含量及挥发性成分对自然发酵和人工接种发酵泡菜的品质进行比较研究。结果表明:整个发酵过程中,两种发酵方式的还原糖、氨基酸态氮含量均逐渐降低,人工接种发酵的亚硝酸峰值为9.03 mg/kg,自然接种发酵为32.1 mg/kg,在自然发酵和人工接种发酵泡菜中,所含的风味物质主要以烯类、醇类和酯类为主,这三类主要风味物质在自然发酵中占总体香气成分的71.8%,人工接种发酵中占比65.6%。因此,与自然发酵相比,人工接种发酵可以明显地减少亚硝酸盐的含量,缩短泡菜发酵周期,自然发酵的泡菜中风味物质更加丰富,但两种发酵方式生成的风味物质已经非常接近。     

耐盐米曲霉CICIM F0899在酱油酿造过程中的应用

耐高盐环境的蛋白酶对酱油工业有着积极作用。该实验对1株产耐盐蛋白酶的米曲霉CICIM F0899在高盐稀态酱油发酵过程中的作用进行了研究,并同沪酿3042进行了比较。结果表明,在酱醪发酵阶段,微生物代谢产酸使酱醪pH持续下降,影响了蛋白酶的活性,导致酱油中氨基态氮和风味物质含量的变化,在180天时氨基态氮含量达到0.62 g/100 mL,比沪酿3042高11.11%。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定,检测出酱醪中7大类共49种挥发性化合物,其中酯类、杂环类化合物的含量明显高于沪酿3042,而醛类物质的含量相对较少。因此,米曲霉CICIM F0899在氨基态氮含量和风味组成方面都具有更加明显的优势。     

大头菜等蔬菜腌制工艺研究现状与展望

蔬菜腌制工艺逐渐向着低盐化、低温化、低亚硝酸盐含量、丰富风味物质等高品质腌制食品的方向发展,以乳酸菌为优势菌 的发酵菌剂也越来越多,但是功能全而优的乳酸菌剂仍有待开发。 如何深入系统研究大头菜腌制过程中的微生物与发酵温度、发酵 时间、含盐量等环境因素以及与有害菌、乳酸、氨基酸态氮、关键风味成分等物质因素之间的动态变化关系,并形成理论体系,成为改 进工艺和提高腌制品质的关键。该文以大头菜为研究对象,并借鉴同为芥菜变种的榨菜腌制方法,从腌制工艺、腌制技术和腌制微生 物等方面阐述了腌制大头菜的研究现状,并从提高腌制大头菜产品品质、安全性、生产效率和标准化自动化水平等方面,对大头菜未 来的研究方向进行展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.