壳聚糖微球固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

以壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,固定葡萄糖氧化酶,对葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最佳条件为0.1g壳聚糖微球与5ml5%戊二醛交联,固定6mg葡萄糖氧化酶,在此条件下酶活力回收可达60%。固定化酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为6.0,通过Lineweaver-Burk作图,确定动力学参数Km值为18.3mmol/L,表观米氏常数较游离酶有所降低,固定化酶的热稳定性较游离酶明显提高,该固定化酶具有良好的操作及保存稳定性。     

壳聚糖微球固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

以壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,固定葡萄糖氧化酶,对葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最佳条件为0.1g壳聚糖微球与5ml5%戊二醛交联,固定6mg葡萄糖氧化酶,在此条件下酶活力回收可达60%。固定化酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为6.0,通过Lineweaver-Burk作图,确定动力学参数Km值为18.3mmol/L,表观米氏常数较游离酶有所降低,固定化酶的热稳定性较游离酶明显提高,该固定化酶具有良好的操作及保存稳定性。      

离子交换树脂共固定葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化氢酶

从5种大孔阴离子交换树脂中,筛选出固定化效果较好的大孔强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂D 201为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂,通过先吸附后交联的方法共固定化葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT),研究了固定化酶的制备条件和酶学性质。结果表明,共固定化的最佳条件是:GOD∶CAT=1∶1(酶活力之比),吸附p H值为7.5,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间为8 h;交联剂戊二醛质量分数为1%,交联温度4℃,交联时间8 h。在此条件下固定化,以GOD计,最高酶活回收率为30.8%。与游离酶相比,共固定化GOD-CAT树脂的热稳定性、p H稳定性均增强,间歇操作10批次后酶活力仍然保持在初始活力的90%以上。     

磁性Fe_3O_4协同海藻酸钠固定化葡萄糖氧化酶

采用以化学共沉淀法制备出的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子与海藻酸钠结合,制备出磁性微球,再以戊二醛作为交联剂固定化葡萄糖氧化酶,研究了该材料对葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化条件以及磁性固定化酶的酶学性质。结果表明,制备固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的最佳条件为:海藻酸钠浓度为1.5%,海藻酸钠与Fe_3O_4的质量比为5:4,CaCl_2浓度为2%,戊二醛浓度为0.5%,交联时间为1.5 h;最适反应温度提高为40℃,最适反应pH值提高为6.5;热稳定性有一定提高;重复使用5次后,相对酶活仍剩余58.91%。磁性海藻酸钠固定化葡萄糖氧化酶会提高酶的稳定性,有利于工业化生产。     

碳纤维共固定葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化氢酶的研究

研究了经不同方法改性的碳纤维(CF)在共固定化葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)中的应用。筛选出固定化效果较好的HNO3-H2SO4法改性CF,研究双酶配比、戊二醛含量、交联时间对共固定化效果的影响。结果表明,共固定化的最佳条件是:GOD∶CAT活力比1∶2、戊二醛体积分数0.2%、交联时间15 min,此条件下固定化GOD-CAT的酶活回收率为30.6%。固定化酶的热稳定性、p H稳定性、贮藏稳定性及重复操作性能均有显著提高。连续使用10次后,固定化表观酶活为初始酶活的72.4%。该研究为固定化酶在葡萄糖酸盐工业生产中的应用提供了新思路。     

固定化果胶酯酶的研究

采用明胶作载体和戊二醛作交联剂制备固定化果胶酯酶,并对其固定化条件、酶学性质和应用进行了研究。结果发现,明胶浓度为15%、戊二醛为5%、固定化酶量0.15mL(稀释6.7倍),缓冲液pH4.0时制备的固定化酶的酶活和回收率较高,分别是48.725U和68.81%;固定化酶的最适温度45℃,最适pH4.0,Km值0.017%,pH2.8～6.0稳定;果胶酯酶固定化后温度稳定性、贮存稳定性和操作稳定性都明显增强,50℃下保温3h,酶活保留86%;4℃贮存16d,酶活保留90.15%。反复利用6次,酶活仍保存80.99%,半衰期为11.7d。固定化酶作用于高酯果胶不同时间后得到甲氧基含量呈下降趋势的低酯果胶。     

磁性多孔微球固定化假丝酵母脂肪酶的研究

通过悬浮聚合法制备了含环氧基团的聚合物载体高分子磁性多孔微球(GHD),用TEM、 SEM和Micromeritics ASAP 2010等对聚合物载体进行了表征。考察了载体中交联剂含量、固定化时间、给酶量等因素对固定化脂肪酶催化活性的影响。结果表明,Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径20 nm,分布均匀,磁性多孔微球粒径从几十微米到一百多微米,粒子大小大体呈正态分布且分布较窄,平均粒径为110 μm,直径在区间80μm~150μm范围内的粒子占90%以上。微球表面呈皱褶态且呈现多孔性,孔径从几个纳米到几十纳米,为闭孔,且孔间互相贯穿。固定化酶最适条件为给酶量125 mg/g,固定化时间7 h,此时酶的吸附量为118 .5mg/g,比酶活7.56×105 U/g,酶的活力回收率0.95。以GHD为载体制备的固定化脂肪酶最佳反应温度从37 ℃上升到42 ℃,最适反应pH从7.2提高到7.5,固定化后酶对温度和pH的敏感性降低,重复使用12次,固定化酶的活力都能保持在92 %以上。     

改性磁性壳聚糖微球固定化乳糖酶

通过反相悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HE-MA)与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂制备得到改性磁性壳聚糖微球。进一步以改性磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,通过吸附、共价结合以及戊二醛交联反应三方协同作用固定乳糖酶。对影响固定化的各种因素进行优化,确定固定化乳糖酶最适条件为:载体在0.1 mol/L、pH 7.0的磷酸缓冲液中充分溶胀后,按2.0 U/mg载体的添加量加入乳糖酶,4℃吸附3 h,再添加0.1%戊二醛交联4 h;最终所得的固定化乳糖酶活为685 U/g载体,酶活回收率为34.3%。固定化后的乳糖酶的pH稳定性和热稳定性都较游离酶有明显提高;连续操作10次后,固定化酶活仍保持在70%以上,具有良好的操作稳定性。     

漆酶最佳固定化条件研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体,戊二醛为交联剂制备凝胶态PVA,继而以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,环氧氯丙烷为反应物制备环氧化PVA,利用该产物进一步与漆酶进行反应,从而实现漆酶的固定化.实验控制二甲基亚砜与环氧氯丙烷配比(体积比)为1∶1,固定化温度T=35℃,环氧化PVA载体(g)∶漆酶(mL)∶HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(mL)=1∶1∶2的条件下对漆酶进行固定化,固定化时间为5h,可得到相对酶活较高的固定化漆酶.用该固定化漆酶深度处理草浆二沉池出水,在反应体系pH值4.0、反应时间为6h条件下,色度去除率可达62.9％,BOD浓度升高47.6％,但COD浓度下降不明显,该固定化漆酶在放置36 h后降解能力显著降低.     

聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠固定化柚苷酶的制备及其性质

以聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠为载体,固定化柚苷酶;以戊二醛为交联剂,考察固定化工艺条件对酶活的影响,研究固定化酶的部分酶学性质。用高效液相色谱法分析柚苷酶的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶和柚苷酶活力,结果表明:最佳载体组合为11%聚乙烯醇与0.5%海藻酸钠;当缓冲液p H 4、戊二醛含量1%、交联时间0.5 h、吸附时间3 h、加酶量141 U/m L、硼酸4%、Ca Cl21%时,固定化酶活力达到最大值。柚苷酶固定化后,α-L-鼠李糖苷酶和柚苷酶活力的最适温度提高5℃,最佳活性p H值提高1.0,p H稳定性基本不变,温度稳定性下降5℃。α-L-鼠李糖苷酶、柚苷酶的米氏常数(Km)固定化后都增大;α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的最大反应初速度(Vmax)经固定化后减小,柚苷酶的Vmax增大。将固定化柚苷酶重复使用7次后,它的α-L-鼠李糖苷酶和柚苷酶残余活力分别保持71%与80%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press