3 种梨果实发育过程中酚类物质及其抗氧化能力分析

为进一步了解新疆主要栽培品种梨生长发育期果实酚类物质和抗氧化能力的变化规律,选取‘库尔勒香梨’‘早酥梨’及其杂交后代‘新梨7号’果实为试材,对其总酚、总黄酮、酚类物质含量以及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力和2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力进行分析。结果表明：3 种梨果实总酚含量、总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力在整个生长发育过程中总体呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力呈先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势,花后50 d‘早酥梨’果实中总酚和总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力最高,分别达23.10、32.25 mg/g和29.12 μmol/g;花后80 d,‘早酥梨’果实ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力最高,达80.74 μmol/g。不同生长发育期同品种梨果实的酚类物质含量均存在明显差异,果实中的熊果苷、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、槲皮葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量总体逐渐降低,其中熊果苷含量最高,平均值为5 797.82 μg/g,其次是绿原酸含量,平均值为1 781.02 μg/g。梨果实中总黄酮、总酚、熊果苷、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素含量与DPPH自由基清除能力呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。3 种梨幼果期（花后50 d）酚类物质及抗氧化能力较高,‘早酥梨’总酚含量、总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力均比‘库尔勒香梨’和‘新梨7号’高。     

不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

4种植物提取物的体外抗氧化活性比较

为探究和比较分心木、赶黄草、青蒿和代代花4种植物的抗氧化活性,以4种植物的提取物为试验材料,采用福林酚法和三氯化铝比色法测定总黄酮和总酚含量。以DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力为指标,进行抗氧化活性评价。研究结果表明,4种植物提取物的总黄酮和总酚的含量、抗氧化活性差异显著。其中,分心木提取物的总黄酮含量最高,可达（21.87±0.55）mg RT/g,且DPPH自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力最强;赶黄草提取物的总酚含量最高,可达（14.78±0.95）mg GAE/g,且ABTS+自由基清除能力最强。4种植物提取物均具有一定程度的抗氧化能力,赶黄草和分心木提取物的抗氧化活性明显高于青蒿和代代花提取物,抗氧化能力与其总黄酮含量呈正相关。     

陈酿过程对猕猴桃酒多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响

为探究陈酿期间猕猴桃酒中酚类物质与体外抗氧化活性之间的相关性,分析了猕猴桃酒酚类物质种类及其含量、总酚含量以及体外抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明:猕猴桃酒中共检测出11种单体酚,其中儿茶素与表儿茶素的含量较高。随着陈酿时间的延长,猕猴桃酒的抗氧化能力及酚类物质含量均有所降低。原儿茶酸、根皮苷与ABTS+·清除力之间呈显著正相关(P0.01),原儿茶酸、鞣花酸、根皮苷与还原能力之间呈显著正相关(P0.01),阿魏酸与羟基自由基清除能力显著相关(P0.01),而没食子酸、原儿茶酸与DPPH·清除力之间的相关性较低。酚类物质与体外抗氧化活性之间的相关性表明酚类物质对猕猴桃酒体外抗氧化能力起主导作用。     

南瓜酚类物质及抗氧化活性受烹饪方式的影响

分析蒸法、微波及烤箱烹饪对南瓜中的酚类物质及南瓜抗氧化活性的影响。测定总酚、儿茶素类、酚酸类等酚类物质含量,分析DPPH自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力、还原能力及总抗氧化性,并探讨酚类物质与这些抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,烤箱烹饪后的总酚含量最高,与其他烹饪方式相比差异显著(p0.05),且烤箱不去皮烹饪与去皮烹饪的总酚含量差异较大。烤箱烹饪后的DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力及总抗氧化性与其他烹饪方式相比,几乎均有显著差异(p0.05)。南瓜DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力及总抗氧化性与酚类物质呈正相关,部分呈明显的正相关(R20.8)。     

不同品种龙眼果肉酚类物质的抗氧化活性比较

为研究不同龙眼品种资源中酚类物质、黄酮类化合物含量及其抗氧化性差异,选取广东省农业科学院果树研究所龙眼资源圃的24个龙眼品种,分析其果肉中游离态和结合态总酚、总黄酮物质的含量,采用DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS总抗氧化能力、FRAP抗氧化能力和氧自由基吸收能力ORAC四种不同方法评价其体外抗氧化能力差异;不同龙眼品种果肉总酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、ORAC四种不同方法测定的抗氧化能力的变幅和变异系数较大,呈现出显著的基因型差异;不同品种龙眼果肉的多酚和黄酮的含量分别与ABTS自由基清除能力、FRAP和ORAC呈极显著(p0.01)正相关关系,而与DPPH自由基清除能力的EC50值呈极显著负相关关系(p0.01)。采用快速聚类法将24个不同品种的龙眼聚成多酚及总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力差异显著的三大群类。不同品种龙眼果肉游离态和结合态酚类物质含量与其抗氧化活性均呈显著正相关关系,提示酚类物质是龙眼果肉抗氧化活性的主要成分;酚类物质和黄酮类物质在龙眼果肉中主要以游离态存在,其中结合态平均占总酚含量的17.45%。     

两种芦笋不同部位酚类物质及抗氧化活性研究

采用超声辅助法提取白芦笋茎、白芦笋尖、绿芦笋茎和绿芦笋尖中的酚类物质,通过比色法及高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法测定各提取物中总酚、总黄酮、总单宁、缩合单宁和芦丁含量及其抗氧化能力(DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除活性和还原力),并探究芦笋酚类物质与抗氧化能力之间的相关性。结果表明,两种芦笋中均不含单宁类物质;绿芦笋尖中总酚、总黄酮、芦丁含量最高,3种抗氧化活性均最强,其后依次为绿芦笋茎、白芦笋尖和白芦笋茎。HPLC指纹图谱显示,绿芦笋尖中酚类物质的种类及含量均最高,白芦笋茎中则最少。以上结果说明绿芦笋比白芦笋中酚类物质更多,抗氧化性更强,且芦笋尖中酚类含量及抗氧化性优于芦笋茎。相关性分析发现,芦笋中总酚、总黄酮、芦丁、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力两两之间均显著正相关,表明芦笋中酚类物质与自由基清除能力关系密切。     

体外消化对银杏果酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

银杏果富含多种营养成分,具有良好的抗氧化活性。研究探讨了体外模拟消化处理对银杏果酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性的影响。采用福林酚和氯化铝-亚硝酸钠比色法考察消化处理对银杏果总酚和总黄酮含量的影响,通过FRAP铁离子还原能力和ABTS自由基清除能力考察消化处理对银杏果抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,模拟胃液消化处理能增加银杏果总黄酮含量,但对总酚含量影响不显著,然而模拟肠液消化处理会增加银杏果总酚和总黄酮的含量。模拟胃液处理能显著提高银杏果的FRAP抗氧化能力与ABTS抗氧化能力,模拟肠液处理能显著提高其FRAP抗氧化能力,但对其ABTS抗氧化能力影响不显著,抗氧化活性可能与其酚类物质含量和组成有关。研究为银杏果的开发利用提供了技术支撑和理论依据。     

贮藏时间对雅安藏茶中活性成分及其抗氧化活性的影响

为研究贮藏过程中雅安藏茶中茶色素、多酚及其抗氧化活性的变化情况,对不同贮藏时间藏茶中茶色素、总多酚、总黄酮及其抗氧化活性进行比较。结果表明,随着贮藏时间从4年递增到10年的过程中,藏茶中茶褐素含量从5.95 g/100 g显著提升到8.54 g/100 g（P<0.05）,而茶黄素、茶红素、总多酚、总黄酮、咖啡碱、儿茶素以及儿茶素单体（EGC、CG、ECG、EGCG、EC）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。此外,藏茶ABTS自由基清除能力从6759.54 μg/g显著减弱到4086.43 μg/g（P<0.05）,而DPPH自由基清除能力同样从43.50 μg/g显著减弱到 21.02 μg/g（P<0.05）,且与总多酚、总黄酮、儿茶素、咖啡碱、EGC、EC、EGCG、ECG、茶红素、茶黄素呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。而茶褐素与总多酚、总黄酮、儿茶素、咖啡碱、CG、EGC、EC、EGCG、ECG、茶黄素以及茶红素呈现显著负相关（P<0.05）。贮藏时间越长,藏茶中多酚类物质降低而茶褐素含量越高,使得陈化藏茶具有降脂减肥等保健功效。     

干燥方式对无花果酚类物质及其抗氧化活性的影响

研究自然晒干、真空冷冻干燥、烘箱干燥、远红外干燥和真空干燥对无花果总酚含量、酚类物质组成及其 体外抗氧化活性的影响。采用福林-酚比色法及高效液相色谱法分别测定干燥后无花果的总酚含量和酚类物质的组 成,并比较多酚提取液对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力、2,2’-联 氨-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ehtybenzothiaazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS）自由基清除能力和总还原力的影响,采用统计学方法分析酚类物质含量与其抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表 明：经不同方式干燥后无花果的总酚含量、各酚类物质含量均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,其中真空干燥后样品的 总酚含量与酚类物质含量总和均为最高;不同干燥方式对无花果的抗氧化活性影响显著（P＜0.05）,真空干燥样 品的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS＋·清除能力和总还原力均为最高,且相关性分析结果显示,无花果抗氧化活性 与儿茶素、槲皮苷、阿魏酸、4-羟基苯甲酸等酚类物质的含量之间呈显著相关（P＜0.05）。综上,真空干燥处理 后无花果总酚含量及多酚各组分含量总和最多、抗氧化活性最强,适宜于无花果的干燥。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press