马来酐—丙烯酸共聚物钠盐的合成及助洗剂性能研究

以水为溶剂合成了马来酐－丙烯酸共聚物钠盐（简称内共聚物钠盐）对其螯合性能、分散性能及复配成洗衣粉的去污效果进行了研究。结果表明：马丙共聚物钠盐具有良好的螯合能力和分散能力,与４Ａ沸石复配后得到的洗衣粉去污指数高于以ＳＴＰＰ为助剂的标准粉。     

4A沸石在洗涤剂中的应用及前景

4 A沸石作为优良的替代STPP(三聚磷酸钠)的洗涤助剂得到广泛应用,其一般颗粒大小为1~4μm,占90%左右,密度为2.07g.cm-3。4A沸石对水中Ca2+、Mg2+等离子的交换,可去除98%钙离子、至少50%的镁离子,使水得到软化;对非离子表面活性剂的吸附,沸石是NTA(次氨基三乙酸盐)和碳酸钠的3倍,是STPP和硫酸钠的5倍;与其他电解质一样与表面活性剂有协同效应;4A沸石与STPP混合使用,其去污力至少可达到单一用STPP效果;并兼有防止不溶性污垢再沉积,安全、无污染等性能。并阐述了4A沸石在洗涤剂中的应用前景。     

新型洗涤剂助剂——亚胺磺酸盐代磷复配洗衣粉的研究

作为一种洗涤剂助剂,亚胺磺酸盐具有良好的物理化学性质,表面活性及复配性能。试验表明,它的去污力可与三聚磷酸钠相当。通过试验设计和方差分析,筛选出以亚胺磺酸盐取代三聚磷酸钠的优化的复配洗衣粉的配方组成。样品的主要性能(去污力)达到或超过国内市售产品     

Soap-based detergent formulations: XXVI. Hard water detergency of soap-lime soap dispersant combinations with builders and inorganic salts1

Blends of soap and 3 lime soap dispersants—the sulfated tallow alkanolamide (TAM), the coconut-oil-derived amido sulfobetaine (CAHSB) and the cocoamido betaine (CAB)—were formulated with 3 builders—sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and trisodium 2-oxa-1,1,3-propane tricarboxylate (OPT). Varying amounts of sodium sulfate were added to these formulations, and the effects of builders and sodium sulfate on detergency at 300 ppm water hardness were studied. At levels below 60%, STPP was not an effective builder for TAM formulations. Dilution of STPP-built TAM formulations with sodium sulfate substantially decreased detergency. Detergency of TAM formulations was improved by incorporation of NTA or OPT and such formulations could tolerate dilution with sodium sulfate without serious loss in detergency. NTA or STPP improved the detergency of CAB formulations but OPT did not. Addition of sodium sulfate caused some loss in detergency in all CAB formulations. Addition of STPP to CAHSB formulations caused a slight loss in detergency, but addition of NTA or OPT had no appreciable effect. Dilution of STPP-built CAHSB formulations with sodium sulfate affected detergency adversely, although not as severely as in STPP-built TAM formulations. Dilution of NTA-or OPT-built CAHSB formulations with sodium sulfate had little effect on detergency. CAB and particularly CAHSB are superior to TAM in dispersing lime soap curd. Therefore, addition of NTA, STPP, or OPT to the amphoteric formulations did not affect detergency to the same extent as in TAM formulations. Further evidence of the superiority of amphoteric lime soap dispersing agents (lsda) in dispersing lime soap curd was provided by the effectiveness of soap, CAHSB, silicate formulations in detergency studies at 1,000 ppm water hardness. Presented at the Annual AOCS Meeting, San Francisco, April 1979. Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

利用橘皮精油制备“绿色”洗涤膏

橘皮精油的主要成分D-柠檬烯具有较强的去污能力、天然的芳香味及抑菌功效。本论文以去污力为考察指标,通过单因素实验研究了橘皮精油,十二烷基磺酸钠及三乙醇胺的配比,制备出一种去污力较强的“绿色”环保型洗涤膏。其最佳配比为：D-柠檬烯：5．0％,十二烷基磺酸钠：13．6％,乙醇：4．4％,三乙醇胺：29．0％,氯化钠：2．2％,蒸馏水：45．8％。并对含橘皮精油的洗涤膏、市售洗涤剂的洗涤去污效粜进行了比较研究。测试结果表明,所制备的含橘皮精油洗涤膏与市售洗涤剂沈涤效果相当（去污比值约为1）,且在洗涤树脂类污垢优于市售洗涤剂（去污比值为1．2）。     

Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hierarchical Sodium P Zeolite as a Nonphosphate Detergent Builder

This study reports the preparation of hierarchical NaP zeolite with the aim of obtaining a non-phosphate detergent builder as an alternative for environmental remediation from eutrophication phenomenon. Hierarchically structured NaP zeolite was easily synthesized hydrothermally and under different syntheses conditions. Samples were characterized using several standard techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis. Three powder detergents were prepared by mixing main components such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium sulfate, sodium silicate, and sodium carbonate as well as different amounts of as-synthesized zeolite and sodium tripolyphosphate in the detergent formulation as potential detergency builders. Some different detergency tests as pH value, water insolubility, foam height, moisture content, alcohol insolubility, and surface tension measurement were carried out for all synthetic detergent samples and two commercial ones. The results demonstrated that the high cleaning performance of the powders was obtained as using eco-friendly zeolite builders in comparison with phosphate-based commercial and synthetic detergent samples.     

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate and zeolites on detergency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in the presence of Mg++

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and zeolites on the detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been evaluated at different water magnesium ion levels. This study demonstrates that LAS/STPP gives better results in the presence of calcium than in the presence of magnesium, whereas the LAS/zeolite mixture gives better results in the presence of magnesium than in the presence of calcium.     

速溶粉状偏硅酸钠生产工艺及其应用

介绍了三聚磷酸钠对生态环境的危害和其代用品速溶粉状偏硅酸钠（无水）的性质、生产方法以及在洗涤剂中的应用。     

洗衣液去污力测试应优化

洗涤剂类别不同,其配方也不同,从洗衣粉的配方成分入手,针对不同成分对去污力的贡献,得出了洗衣粉参比洗涤剂不应作为液体洗涤剂的参比洗涤剂,并由此提出了参比洗衣液的配方建议。     

通过配方改造提高洗衣粉性能价格比诺和诺德(中国)生物技术有限公司

主要讨论了洗涤剂中ＬＡＳ,ＡＥＯ９,及ＳＴＰＰ在三种常用污布上的去污作用,并通过对这三种主要成分添加量的调整及与多种复合酶配伍,探索了全面提高洗涤剂性能的配方及其评价方法     

新型光漂剂的漂白性能研究

研究了一类新型光漂剂———磺酸基卤素铝酞菁的去污漂白性能。从不同试验中得到该类光漂剂在常温日光条件下对酒渍、茶渍、咖啡渍等顽渍具有很好的去污漂白作用,去污值分别可提高10.8%、12.5%及15.9%。通过与过硼酸钠及过碳酸钠的去污对比试验,突出了该类光漂剂在温和条件下即具有很好的漂白性能,有望代替传统漂白剂。与洗涤剂中的荧光增白剂有相互增效作用,洗涤剂中盐类能改善光漂剂的性能。通过它的光降解试验,初步表明该类光漂剂易于光降解。     

洗衣液配方技术的现状和发展趋势

介绍了洗衣液配方结构,国内洗衣液目前常见的技术问题以及消费者在使用时所遇到的问题。从技术上提出了洗衣液酉己方发展的趋势。     

Detergency of binary mixtures of LAS/STPP and LAS/Zeolites: influence of (Ca++) on the washing liquor

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or zeolites on the detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been evaluated at different water hardness levels. This study demonstrates that STPP or zeolite behaves either as a sequestrant or through an important synergism with LAS, showing a minimum and a maximum in detergency performance, depending on the water hardness level. There is an optimum LAS/builder ratio for each individual water hardness level. This optimum has to be determined experimentally as it will not always necessarily coincide with the highest surfactant and/or builder concentrations.     

聚丙烯酸盐的助洗性能研究

研究了聚丙烯酸盐（PAA）及其改性聚合物（马来酸酐-丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸的三元共聚物）的组成，结构及相对分子质量对钙束缚力，分散力，絮凝性的影响。以两种商品PAA为参照，通过正交实验筛选出了无磷洗衣粉的最佳配方。实验结果表明，Ca^2 束缚值随着聚合物相对分子质量的增加而增大，其聚物中单体组成对Ca^2 束缚值影响不大。以聚合物与CaCl2的螯合物的沉淀量表征及其絮凝剂，发现聚合物加入量和Ca^2 总量相同时，沉淀量随着聚合物相对分子质量的增大而增大，饱和沉淀量只与CaV有关而与聚合物类型无关，达到饱和沉淀量时所应对应的聚合物加入量也近似正比与相应聚合物的CaV，实验条件下PAA对碳黑的分散力均优于STPP，均聚PAA对碳黑的分散力随相对分子质量增大而下降，改性PAA且增相对分子质量的增大而分散力仅略有下降，改性聚合物的相对分子质量对洗涤性能具有更广泛的适用性。     

洗涤剂助剂的发展

介绍了三聚磷酸钠在洗涤剂中的应用和富营养化,洗涤剂助剂从三聚磷酸钠到4A沸石以及最新的层状硅酸钠的发展过程,讨论了洗涤剂配方的发展趋势和对环境的影响。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在洗涤剂中的应用性能研究

将脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)分别配成液体和粉状洗涤剂,测定不同时间内MES的水解率、表面活性剂的发泡力、表面活性剂和洗涤剂的去污力。结果表明,MES在碱性液体洗涤剂和洗衣粉料浆中容易水解,在10%的碳酸钠溶液中水解率达28.87%;MES在硬水中的发泡力明显好于烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)。无论是表面活性剂还是在洗涤剂中,MES均显示出超强的去污力,去污力比值是LAS的1.6~1.7倍;MES与LAS复配时,去污力无协同增效作用。     

The effect of water hardness on the solubilizing activity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate

The behavior of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in hard water has been studied by solubilization, transmittance and pH. Maximum solubilization is reported at specific water hardnesses on the basis of the change in the micellar properties of the detergent. The water hardness at maximum solubilization increases as the concentration of the detergent or of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), sodium nitrilo triacetic acid (NTA) or sodium ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) increases, while it decreases with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the detergent. A linear relationship between the detergent concentration and the water hardness at maximum solubilization or transmittance was found. It seems that the effect of STPP, NTA and EDTA on solubilization of anionic detergent was mainly due to water softening.     

利用橘皮精油制备“绿色”洗涤剂及其性能测试

橘皮精油中的主要成分D-柠檬烯具有较强的去污能力、抑菌功效以及天然芳香味。本研究以橘皮精油为有效成分,研制了一种绿色环保型洗衣液。通过单因素试验研究了洗衣液配方中AES、AEO-7的初步配比及质量分数,并采用正交试验优化了洗衣液中各组分的配比:D-柠檬烯15%,AEO-7 14%,AES 8%,乙醇8%,柠檬酸钠2%,KCl 0.25%,余量为蒸馏水。将含D-柠檬烯的洗衣液与市售LB洗衣液进行了去污效果、发泡力、pH值对比测试。结果表明,所制备的洗衣液洗涤效果优于市售LB洗衣液(去污比值大于1)。     

一种浓缩洗衣液配方的初步研究

使用L_9(3~4)正交试验,初步研究了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、十二烷基苯磺酸(LAS)、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE)及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO_7)等4种常用表面活性剂在浓缩洗衣液体系中的应用。通过对去污力和水溶性等性质的测试,优化出一种浓缩洗衣液的基础配方为12%AES、12%LAS、10%FMEE、10%AEO_7、3%乙醇,其他0.7%,去离子水补足。该配方不会出现凝胶现象且去污测试结果分别为1.22(JB01)、2.94(JB02)、1.45(JB03),溶解性评分为3分。     

Microemulsion Formation and Detergency with Oily Soil: V. Effects of Water Hardness and Builder

In this study, the impact of water hardness and builder on the phase diagrams of motor oil microemulsions and the detergency of oil removal from a polyester/cotton blend was investigated. Water hardness and builder were found to have insignificant effects on the microemulsion phase diagram with motor oil. A mixed surfactant system of two parts C_14–15(PO)₃SO₄Na, and 98 parts C_12–14H_25–29O(EO)₅H of the total actives at 4% salinity was used to study the effect of water hardness and builders sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on detergency at 30 °C at a total active concentration of 0.3%. This formulation is in the Winsor Type III microemulsion regime. The microemulsion-based formulation resulted in better detergency than a leading commercial liquid laundry detergent at all concentrations up to 0.5% actives. The microemulsion-based formulation showed a plateau in detergency at >80% oil removal above 0.1% actives. The total oil removal decreased with increasing water hardness while the interfacial tension increased. When hard water was used in laundering, the total oil removal improved with increasing concentrations of STPP or EDTA up to stoichiometric levels, with STPP being slightly more effective than EDTA on a molar basis. Even high builder concentration could not improve hard water detergency to that of soft water. A significant fraction of oil removal occurred in the rinse steps vs. the wash step. Increasing water hardness reduced this fractional oil removal in the rinse steps, but it was still over half of total oil removal at 1,000 ppm water hardness.