聚丙烯纤维EPS轻质混合土抗压强度试验研究

为了进一步提高聚丙烯纤维EPS轻质混合土的抗裂性能和抗压性能,将聚丙烯纤维、EPS、水泥按照不同比例掺加到粘土中制成试样,进行了室内无侧限抗压强度试验和三轴固结不排水试验。结果表明,EPS添加量是影响轻质混合土密度的最主要原因;轻质混合土的无侧限抗压强度随着EPS添加量的增加而降低,但随着水泥添加量的增加而显著提高;掺加一定量的聚丙烯纤维能有效提高无侧限抗压强度,当聚丙烯纤维添加量增加到一定量后强度增加缓慢,但能提高轻质混合土的残余强度,可改善轻质混合土的脆性破坏形式。     

全风积沙混凝土抗压强度试验研究

为探究水胶比、粉煤灰、矿粉掺量、龄期对全风积沙混凝土抗压强度的影响，开展了全风积沙混凝土抗压强度试验，结合XRD衍射结果对其物象成分进行微观表征，并通过多元线性回归建立全风积沙混凝土抗压强度预测模型。结果表明，全风积沙混凝土抗压强度随水胶比增大先增加后减小，当水胶比为0.4时，抗压强度最大；粉煤灰对全风积沙混凝土抗压强度增长效应不及矿粉增长效应显著；粉煤灰和矿粉的掺入更易将AFt转化为AFm;建立的抗压强度预测模型精度较高，适用于细砂混凝土。研究结果可为全风积沙混凝土的工程应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

掺加固化剂后放置时间对底泥固化效果的影响

以水泥、粉煤灰为主固化剂对嘉兴市连三连四荡底泥进行固化处理,通过无侧限抗压强度试验,重点研究含水率为34%的土样掺加8%的固化剂后放置不同时间后再击实对固化底泥干密度和强度的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)试验进行了解释,并分析其微观结构演化特征。结果表明,底泥掺加固化剂后,随着放置时间的增长,水泥水化反应使土体颗粒形成更大的土颗粒团聚体,从而改变土的性质,导致土体结构越来越疏松,固化底泥干密度和强度总体呈降低趋势。结果可为底泥固化工程提供理论与技术指导。     

生物质三组分对成型颗粒物理性能的影响

为探究生物质三组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)对成型颗粒物理性能的影响,以棉秆、木屑以及生物质三组分为研究对象,单独或按一定掺混比例混合后制备成型颗粒,使用电子万能材料试验机分析了成型颗粒的表观密度和抗压强度,利用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了生物质成型前后分子结构的变化。结果表明：纤维素直接影响成型颗粒的抗压强度,半纤维素和木质素主要作为黏结剂,协同纤维素间接提高成型颗粒的抗压强度。向棉秆中加入纤维素或半纤维素后,其混合成型颗粒中的C—OH官能团均明显提高,且产生了新的C=C官能团,有利于形成分子间作用力和提高分子结构的稳定性,增强成型颗粒的物理性能。     

纳米ZrO2对水泥基材料性能的改性作用

为了研究纳米ZrO_2对水泥基材料抗压强度、孔隙率和渗透性能的改性作用,以30nm ZrO_2为研究对象,研究纳米ZrO_2掺量(1%、2%、4%、8%)对水泥基材料性能的影响,并分析其作用机制。试验结果表明,纳米ZrO_2掺量为1%、2%、4%、8%时,水泥基材料的化学收缩约为对照组的87.7%、98.4%、117.1%、117.6%;抗压强度约提高了53%～135%;孔隙率和渗透系数分别降低5.4%～19.9%、7.9%～17.3%。综合分析发现,纳米ZrO_2的作用机制主要是填充效应和晶核作用,即通过填充作用,降低了孔隙率达到提高抗压强度和降低渗透性能的目的;同时通过晶核作用加速了水泥的水化。     

盐冻作用下掺粉煤灰混凝土超声波波速测强理论模型

在室内模拟了盐冻(5%Na_2SO_4)作用下掺粉煤灰水工混凝土抗冻性试验,探究了超声波波速及抗压强度随冻融循环次数的变化规律及波速测强理论模型。结果表明,超声波波速及抗压强度随着冻融循环次数的增加而不断下降,冻融150次后内部冻融损伤不断积累加快,掺入粉煤灰对抗冻性产生不利影响;建立了波速测强指数关系理论模型及相对超声波波速与抗压强度损失率之间的指数关系式,发现当抗压强度损失率达50%时,相对波速降为85%,这为运用超声波无损检测手段评价盐冻条件下掺粉煤灰水工混凝土的抗压强度提供了理论模型依据。     

水泥尾矿砂混合料物理力学性质试验研究

为了研究水泥尾矿砂混合料直接修建尾矿坝的可能性和安全性,针对尾矿库现场尾矿砂含水量大、密度小处于软塑状态的特点。在室内对两种配合比水泥尾矿砂混合料不同龄期的压缩和固结特性、渗透特性、三轴剪切特性、无侧限抗压强度特性进行了试验。试验结果表明:尾矿砂中掺入一定量的水泥搅拌后,水泥在尾矿砂中的胶凝作用,加强了土颗粒的联结特性,降低了尾矿砂的压缩性和渗透性,提高了尾矿砂的抗剪能力、无侧限抗压强度。研究结果为采用水泥尾矿砂混合料直接筑坝提供了可靠的设计依据。     

粘土材料单轴压缩及强度特性试验研究

为探讨压实粘土材料在单轴加载条件下的强度及变形特性,考虑含水率、干密度、各向异性、碎石掺量等因素,对立方体压实粘土材料进行了单轴压缩试验,并分析了弹性模量、抗压强度的参数相关性。试验结果表明,随着含水率的减小或干密度的增加,压缩粘土材料弹性模量、抗压强度逐渐增加,其中,含水率是控制压实粘土材料脆韧性破坏特征的主要因素;当单轴加载方向与击实方向平行时,其抗压强度、弹性模量分别为加载方向与击实方向垂直时的1.7、1.1倍,说明压实粘土存在一定的各向异性;掺入碎石后使得压实粘土材料内部存在大量的软弱界面,随着碎石增多,其抗压强度逐渐减小;掺碎石前、后的粘土试样的弹性模量和抗压强度呈现一定的正相关性,可采用幂函数、线性函数进行拟合,但碎石的掺入降低了其相关性系数。     

冻融循环下不同纤维掺量混凝土宏细观关系试验研究

为探究冻融循环下混杂纤维混凝土宏细观特性的关联性，开展以冻融循环周次及纤维体积掺量为变量的快速冻融循环试验。试验结果表明，不同冻融循环周次下，抗压强度与含气量、气泡间距系数及气泡平均弦长呈正相关关系、与气孔比表面积呈负相关关系，而冻融损伤量与气孔参数则呈相反规律，且均呈近似线性变化；冻融循环周次越大，抗压强度越低、冻融损伤量越大、含气量、气泡间距系数及气泡平均弦长也越大，而气孔比表面积越小；混杂纤维的掺入，优化了气孔结构，提高了抗冻性。     

混掺粉土与水泥改良风积沙堤坝性能试验研究

风积沙堤坝结构在地震荷载作用下易发生液化破坏。为有效提高堤坝抗震性,开展了掺入适量水泥与粉土改良筑堤风积沙的相关性能试验,并仿真分析了边坡抗震稳定性。研究表明,单掺5%水泥可有效提高风积沙最大干密度、粘聚力,但保证压实度时难以充分发挥水泥粘结作用,且风积沙颗粒表面光滑,胶凝-沙粒联结体形成骨架对内摩擦角影响相对较小;单掺5%水泥基础上掺入粉土可进一步提高风积沙最大干密度,且粉土掺量为10%时风积沙改良效果最好,边坡抗震稳定安全系数最大;掺粉土至15%～20%时内摩擦角提高,但粘聚力下降。说明适量粉土掺入后颗粒吸水性增强,改善了水泥胶凝和沙土粘结性能,而过量粉土掺入,粉土吸附水分超量进而制约了水泥水化联结效应,导致混合土体粘聚力下降;基于5%水泥掺量下的粉土掺量不超过15%,可显著改善整体级配、降低孔隙比、增大风积沙内摩擦角。     

HP改性砂浆力学性能试验研究及分析

主要研究了在工作性相同条件下不同掺量的水溶性高分子纤维(HP)对水泥砂浆抗折强度、抗压强度的影响。结果表明,HP对水泥砂浆有显著的增强作用,且随着HP掺量的增加抗压强度提高的幅度增大,抗折强度提高的幅度降低;SEM描照片分析显示:加入HP后改变了砂浆的微观结构形态,在砂浆中形成了水化产物与HP膜交织的空间网状结构,使浆体致密、孔隙率减小,起到改性作用。     

基于高压缩比的降低天然气发动机气耗研究

针对目前气体发动机气耗偏高、经济性差的现状,本文基于一台10L采用混合进气的LNG发动机研究了高压缩比下发动机气耗。研究结果表明,通过GT-POWER仿真分析,提高压缩比可以在整机的全部常用工况内实现降低气耗。     

直埋闭式地源热泵回填土性能研究

回填土的性能对直埋式地源热泵的设计有一定的影响．对直埋闭式地源热泵用回填土的性能参数中的密度、含水率、饱和度以及导热系数进行了数学定义，并指出影响导热系数的主要因素是密度和含水率。用平板探针原理的室内试验的方法研究了各种物质组成情况、时间以及不同温度对导热系数的影响，并对试验的结果进行了详细的分析，得出了随各种影响因素而变化的曲线。试验结果表明，膨润土不适合单独用于回填材料，需与水泥配合并推荐使用非饱和态。导热系数随水灰比的减小而增加。掺人大颗粒的骨料是提高导热系数的有效途径，砂含量的增加使导热系数往往呈线性增长。当水灰比为0．45且砂的置换率为80％时回填材料具有较满意的导热性能，值得推荐使用。     

掺砾膨胀土的侧限压缩增湿变形试验研究

为研究掺砾膨胀土作为填筑材料的湿化变形特性,采用常规固结仪对掺砾膨胀土进行了侧限压缩条件下的增湿试验,研究初始含水率和应力水平对增湿膨胀率及增湿后压缩性的影响。结果表明,增湿膨胀率随应力水平的增加而减小,存在从增湿膨胀转化为增湿体缩的分界应力。增湿后的压缩性受制样含水率及应力水平的影响显著,初始含水率越低,在加压的初始阶段,膨胀率随压力的增加降低得越快,且分级加压结束后的膨胀率越低;增湿时所处的应力水平越低,增湿稳定后分级加载时,试样的压缩变形量越大。研究成果为掺砾膨胀土作为填筑材料的可行性提供了参考。     

Comparison of the combustion and emission characteristics of NH3/NH4NO2 and NH3/H2 in a two-stroke low speed marine engine

As a marine engine fuel of great concern, ammonia needs to be mixed with another high reactive fuel to improve its combustion performance. In this work, the combustion performance of NH₃/NH₄NO₂ and NH₃/H₂ was compared under different boundary conditions (excess air coefficient, initial temperature, pressure and mixing ratio). The numerical simulation of compression combustion is carried out under different power loads. The addition of ammonium nitrite decreases the ignition requirement of ammonia and shortens the ignition delay time of the mixture fuel. The boundary conditions of compression ignition can be reduced by mixing hydrogen and mixing ammonium nitrite, but it is not enough to achieve compression ignition under NH₃/H₂ mode. The addition of 30% ammonium nitrite can reduce the intake temperature to 300–360 K, which makes the compression ignition of the mixed fuel feasible. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the high in-cylinder combustion pressure and improve the combustion performance of the mixed fuel, the fuel injection strategy was proposed to achieve constant combustion pressure of 30 MPa under the premise of less power loss, which is a potential solution for the combustion of ammonia fuel.     

水泥粉磨工艺评述

根据水泥行业政策、能耗限额标准及准入条件,对比分析了现行的几种粉磨工艺技术。提出水泥粉磨站以熟料和混合材分工段粉磨,且熟料采用高细磨开流系统,混合材采用闭路系统为宜;水泥多点给料多点出料将成为今后的重要研发方向。     

The effect of the inner structure on the absorptance of cement based exterior coatings

The relationship between the inner structure and the surface radiative properties of cement based exterior coatings has been studied. The radiative properties of exterior building coatings have considerable effect on the energy conservation used to maintain thermal comfort, and the cement based exterior materials are commonly used as the exterior coatings of buildings. The surface photographs of various cement based samples taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and formal and statistical analysis of the SEM photograph images made by VIDS III equipment are presented. The monochromatic absorptance between 0.3–0.8 μm wavelength of the same surfaces has been measured before. The monochromatic absorptance of white Portland cement surfaces decreases when the water/cement ratio of the mixture increases since the inner structure of this cement has more crystalline content and the crystallites increase with the lower water/cement ratio. However, in the case of added Portland cement the monochromatic absorptances remain constant regardless of the water/cement ratio because the mixing water has no effect on the inner structure of this type of cement.     

Numerical analysis of performance and emissions behavior of a bi-fuel engine with compressed natural gas enriched with hydrogen using variable compression ratio strategy

The increase in the compression ratio reduces the fuel consumption and improves the performance. These effects of compression ratio could be observed in all of the engines, such as compression or spark ignition engines. Moreover, due to the compression ratio constraint based on the knocking phenomenon in spark ignition engines, there will always be an optimal compression ratio, which is one of the most fundamental factors in engine design. The optimum compression ratio could be achieved depending on the type of fuel, but in the case of bi-fuel engines, since the nature of each fuel is different, the design must be relatively optimal for both fuels. In this work, by using the VCR (variable compression ratio) strategy, the bi-fuel EF7 engine performance, combustion, and emissions were investigated in different compression ratios when the engine uses gasoline or HCNG (hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas) as fuel. The results revealed that by changing the compression ratio from 11.05 (actual compression ratio of engine) to 11.80 in HCNG mode, an increase of 13% in power could be achieved. Also CO formation, at the compression ratio of 11.80, was slightly lower (7%) than the compression ratio of 11.05. In addition, by reducing the compression ratio from 11.05 to 10.50 in gasoline mode, there was a significant increase in emissions; that was 44% for the NO_x and 16% for the CO, which could be one of the limiting factors of the advance in spark timing. Moreover, due to the VCR strategy and the significant optimization of the compression ratio, the combinatory method of VCR – HCNG can be used as an effective method for the bi-fuel engines in order to improve the performance and reduce emissions.