染料废水治理工程实例分析

针对染料废水的水质特征,采用絮凝+电解+双氧水氧化+加碱絮凝+电解+UASB+一级生物接触氧化+臭氧氧化+二级生物接触氧化+MBR膜+芬顿+混凝沉淀组合处理工艺,介绍了工艺流程及主要构筑物的设计参数。通过实际运行,具有良好的处理效果,对染料废水中的COD、色度、BOD、氨氮等的去除率均在90%以上,在正常运行的情况下,其出水水质可以达到所在工业园区污水处理厂废水接纳要求。     

铁碳微电解预处理硝基苯废水工艺研究进展

铁碳微电解是一种高效、廉价的废水预处理技术,反应过程主要包括氧化还原、电富集、物理吸附和混凝沉降等。本文介绍了其预处理硝基苯废水的研究进展,对铁碳微电解预处理硝基苯废水的工艺影响因素进行了总结和分析,得出最适宜p H值为2~3之间,铁/碳剂质量比为(2∶1)~(1∶1)之间,铁类型为工业废铁,溶解氧具有抑制作用;并对对反应机理研究进行介绍。最后对铁碳微电解技术未来研究重点作了展望。     

Fenton高级氧化-铁碳微电解处理难降解有机废水的研究

采用Fenton高级氧化和铁碳微电解技术处理含硝基苯的模拟染料废水,通过重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量(CODCr),确定最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明,在室温条件下,模拟废水CODCr为1825 mg/L,Fenton高级氧化处理废水的最佳条件为FeSO4和H2O2加入量分别为180 mg/L和4.8 mL/L,反应时间60 min,CODCr去除率可达79.07%;铁碳微电解处理废水的最佳条件为铁屑大小是40目,铁碳加入量为20 g/L,铁碳质量(g)比为1.5∶1,处理60 min,CODCr去除率可达50.50%;Fenton高级氧化-铁碳微电解联合处理时,CODCr去除率高达97.80%。     

内电解法处理印染废水的效果研究与分析

印染废水成分复杂、色度高、CODCr高且难降解,对环境造成较大污染。印染废水处理一般采用生化一混凝沉淀法、混凝气浮法、化学氧化及活性炭吸附法等,但这些方法存在运行费用较高、不易管理等缺点。内电解的基本原理是利用铁屑中的铁和炭组分构成微小原电池的正极和负极,以充入的废水为电解质溶液,发生氧化-还原反应,形成原电池。利用内电解对印染废水进行预处理,脱色率可达75％。90％,CODCr去除率达55％左右。另外还可提高废水的可生化性,废水的BOD5/CODCr值从原来的0.23提高到0．57,为后续生化处理和处理后达标排放奠定了基础,且运行成本低,易于管理。     

钴酞菁染料生产废水的电解处理

采用电解工艺预处理钴酞菁染料生产废水,可降低废水的CODCr浓度,提高废水的可生化性。当进水pH为11、CODCr为7000～12000mg/L时,经电解、接触氧化、气浮处理,出水CODCr<200mg/L、BOD5<60mg/L、色度<80倍。处理费用为3.8元/m3,适合中、小型染料生产厂的综合废水处理。     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理酸性大红染料废水的研究

对经微电解预处理后的酸性大红染料配制废水进行二氧化氯催化氧化实验，结果表明：当废水COD＝3400mg/L左右，pH=4，氧化反应时间为45分钟，ClO2投加量为750mg/L，在催化剂作用下，COD平均去除率达到88％左右，而单一的ClO2氧化，其COD平均去除率仅为28％左右。     

穿流式电解-吸附原位耦合强化染料降解与机理分析

为了提高电化学氧化效率，在阴阳两极间隙填充不同类型的吸附材料，设计了一种原位集成的穿流式电解-吸附耦合反应器(EA-R)，并选取了典型染料酸性红G(ARG)作为模拟污染物。结果表明，电解耦合PANI/TiO₂吸附对ARG模拟废水呈现较好的处理效果，脱色率和COD去除率远高于单独电解处理。同时，发现电解和PANI/TiO₂吸附之间存在协同效应。将四种常用填料(石英砂、天然沸石、焦炭和活性炭)分别与PANI/TiO₂均匀混合，以降低废水穿流阻力，提高EA-R渗水能力。结果表明，四种电解-吸附模式均具有协同效应，其中填充PANI/TiO₂+焦炭的EA-R对废水脱色和COD去除呈现最大协同系数(Sc)，分别为62.5%和61.7%，同时相比与单独电解处理单位COD能耗下降65.3%。UV-Vis、FT-IR和GC-MS分析表明，ARG在电解过程中的降解机理非常复杂，包括氧化还原、电化学聚合、相互反应等，其中ARG分子偶氮双键更易受到破坏，导致废水脱色显著。     

电-Fenton法处理硝基苯废水的试验研究

以多孔石墨作为阴极,以铁板作为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气,电解过程中生成的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe2+形成Fenton试剂,利用Fenton试剂在电解的过程中产生的大量活性羟基OH的强氧化作用来氧化降解废水中的有机物.试验证明在电-Fenton法最佳反应条件下,硝基苯迅速降解,去除率可以达到87%以上.     

铁炭微电解—亚铁还原氧化法处理花菁废水的研究

研究了微电解 亚铁还原氧化法在处理花菁废水上的应用 ,结果显示 ,经过处理 ,废水色度的去除率 >97% ,化学需氧量 (COD)的去除率 >90 % .研究了影响处理效果的因素 ,对于废水中有机物的去除、脱色以及废水可生化性的提高进行了探讨 ,并通过紫外 可见光谱和色质联用 (GC/MS)对处理前后的废水组分进行了分析     

新型微电解联合催化氧化处理高浓度制药废水

研究了利用新型多元微电解联合催化氧化技术处理高浓度制药废水。在制药废水pH=3.5时,随着微电解处理停留时间的延长,其COD去除率不断上升,最高可达60%。催化氧化过程中使用双氧水为氧化剂,最佳添加量和反应pH分别为0.2%、3.0。为保证微电解稳定高效,进行了两级微电解+催化氧化处理制药废水的中试研究。结果表明,两级微电解耦合催化氧化处理制药废水中试COD去除效果稳定,微电解停留3 h时,最高去除率可达68.5%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。