控释肥料基施及普通尿素不同基追比对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响

研究了控释尿素和控释BB肥一次性基施后的肥料效果,以及普通尿素不同基追比对玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响.研究结果表明:以33.3％普通尿素基施+33.3％大喇叭口期追施+33.3％抽雄期追施的处理最佳,产量最高达8 700 kg/hm2,氮肥利用率为34.3％.控释尿素基施处理和控释BB肥基施处理的氮肥利用率分别为41....     

砂姜黑土区控释尿素与普通尿素掺混对小麦/玉米轮作的产量及氮肥利用率的影响

试验结果表明:控释尿素与普通尿素掺混处理的产量在小麦玉米轮作上均以控释尿素掺混30%普通尿素处理最好。小麦产量:新坡村与农科所农场的产量分别为8096kg/hm2,8211kg/hm2;比控释尿素单施处理增产5.4%和7.2%,比普通尿素单施处理增产21.0%和22.6%,比对照(CK)增产40.2%和44.2%,它们之间的差异达5%或1%显著水平。小麦氮肥利用率变化趋势与产量变化趋势基本一致,均以控释尿素掺混30%普通尿素处理最高,新坡村与农科所农场小麦氮肥利用率分别为54.5%和52.7%。玉米产量:新坡村与农科所农场的产量分别为8715kg/hm2,9020kg/hm2,比控释尿素单施处理增产6.1%,6.7%,比普通尿素单施处理增产16.2%,16.1%,比对照增产55.7%,56.6%,它们之间的差异达1%显著水平。     

腐植酸尿素对冬小麦增产效果及氮肥利用率的影响

以冬小麦为试验材料,研究腐植酸尿素对其产量构成因素、产量及氮肥利用率的影响。试验结果表明:腐植酸尿素能显著提高冬小麦产量、千粒重及氮肥利用率。施用腐植酸尿素I型和腐植酸尿素II型与农民习惯施肥相比,冬小麦产量分别增加753.2、756.9 kg/hm~2,千粒重分别提高1.3、1.4 g,氮肥利用率分别提高11.97、11.60个百分点;与普通BB肥相比,冬小麦产量分别增加897.7、894.0 kg/hm~2,千粒重分别提高0.5、0.6 g,氮肥利用率分别提高10.11、9.74个百分点。     

树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素配施及树脂包膜BB肥在玉米上增产效果研究

在驻马店市农科所进行了树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素配施试验。试验结果表明,树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素配施处理的产量以控释尿素70%+普通尿素30%处理最好,为7 665 kg/hm2,比100%金正大树脂包膜尿素增产465 kg/hm2,提高了6.5%,比普通复合肥处理增产1 125 kg/hm2,提高了19.0%,比对照增产了2 400 kg/hm2,提高45.6%。金正大控释专用BB肥处理比普通复合肥处理增产90 kg/hm2,提高1.5%。     

不同氮肥类型对玉米生理特性、产量及效益的影响

为明确不同氮肥类型在玉米上的施用效果,采用大田试验,研究了尿素、多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥等生产上常用氮肥对玉米产量、光合速率、叶面积指数和氮肥效率等的影响.结果表明:不同氮肥类型增产达2418.5～3639.4 kg/hm2,其中,施用尿素增产最大;但施用多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥的相对纯收入最高,每公顷达4352.9元.尿素和多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥处理的玉米叶片硝酸还原酶、叶片SPAD、叶面积指数、光合速率和氮素积累均高于其他氮肥类型;尿素和多元素长效碳铵颗粒的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力也显著高于其它氮肥类型.综上所述,考虑到提高玉米产量,缓解土壤酸化现象以及增加农民相对纯收入等因素,推荐多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥作为研究区域氮肥品种更为适宜.     

控释尿素与化肥配施对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

通过两地试验研究控释尿素与化肥配施对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理的产量和氮肥利用率均以控释尿素80%+普通尿素20%处理最好,两点的产量分别为9 989.8、9 995.6 kg/hm~2,较同等氮素用量的普通尿素100%处理分别增产16.2%和16.1%;控释尿素配施普通尿素处理均能提高氮肥利用率,比控释尿素处理提高6.7~1.8个百分点,比普通尿素处理提高12.3~4.1个百分点。     

控释尿素与普通尿素配合施用对夏玉米的增产效果研究

对控释尿素与普通尿素配合施用进行试验,试验在驻马店市农科所农场进行。夏玉米试验结果表明,控释尿素与普通尿素配合施用的产量均以控释尿素70%+普通尿素30%处理最好。产量为8115kg/hm2,比控释尿素单施(处理1)增产390kg/hm2,提高5.0%;比普通尿素单施(处理5)增产1230kg/hm2,提高17.9%;比处理6(CK)增产2940kg/hm2,提高56.8%;它们之间的差异达1%显著水平。     

不同施肥方式对水稻生长、养分吸收和品质的影响

研究不同施肥方式对田间水稻生长、养分吸收和品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著提高水稻产量,增产幅度在7.62%~41.90%,NPK与有机肥配合施用、施用控释肥分别增产31.75%和41.90%,氮磷钾对水稻增产作用NKP。氮肥农学利用率以缓控释肥处理最高,达11.08 kg/kg,氮肥利用率最高与最低相差31.10%;氮磷钾施肥+有机肥处理和控释肥处理田面水中速效氮含量显著低于其他处理,稻米品质最好。     

控释尿素和控释BB肥对夏玉米的增产效果研究

采用控释尿素和普通尿素两种氮素肥料及含控释尿素的BB肥进行夏玉米肥效试验研究。试验结果表明：100％控释尿素处理产量最高,为8714kg／hm^2。和8838kg/hm^2,与同等氮素用量的普通尿素相比,分别增产658kg／hm^2和667kg／hm^2,提高8．2％和8．2％,增产效果显著;控释尿素用量在70％～100％时,产量随氮肥用量的增加而增加,普通尿素也呈同样趋势;70％控释尿素处理与100％普通尿素处理相比,产量差异不大,没有达到显著性差异,说明施用控释尿素可以比普通尿素用量减少约1／3的纯氮用量,夏玉米作物产量并不下降。     

控释尿素对小麦增产效果与提高氮肥利用率的研究

采用控释尿素和普通尿素两种氮素肥料进行优质小麦郑麦366肥效试验研究。两地试验结果表明：100％控释尿素处理产量最高,为7980kg／hm^2和8290kg／hm^2,与同等氮素用量的普通尿素相比增产12．0％、14．0％;产量随氮肥用量的增加而增加;用量70％控释尿素处理与用量100％普通尿素处理之间相比,产量差异不大,没有达到显著性差异,说明施用控释尿素可以比普通尿素减少1／3的纯氮用量。     

控释掺混肥对小麦产量、氮素利用率及土壤氮平衡的影响

利用不同类型和不同氮素水平的控释掺混肥与普通复合肥进行对比试验,研究了不同施氮水平对大田小麦产量、氮素利用率和土壤氮平衡的影响。结果表明,控释掺混肥既能够显著提高小麦产量和氮素利用率,又明显减少了氮素损失量,以比常规施氮量减少20%、控氮比75%的控释掺混肥(CRF4)效果最显著,产量增加10.08%,氮素利用率提高15.23百分点,氮素损失量减少75.26 kg/hm2。     

河南省三大土壤类型区的平衡施肥研究

河南省三大土壤类型区氮磷钾平衡施肥对优质小麦郑麦366的增产作用不同。从试验结果看,氮磷钾平衡施肥在三大土壤类型区（褐土、潮土、砂姜黑土）均能提高小麦产量;限制小麦产量的主要因素：第1位是氮素,第2住是磷素,第3位是钾素。在平衡施肥处理时,潮土区小麦产量最高为8749kg／hm^2,其次褐土区产量为8385kg/hm^2,砂姜黑土区产量最低为7616kg／hm^2和8029kg／hm^2。     

控释尿素在冬小麦上的一次性施肥研究

在驻马店市地力为中、低水平的砂姜黑土上进行冬小麦田间试验,研究控施尿素在小麦上一次性施肥技术。结果表明:两个试验点产量最高的为控释尿素A(一次性基施处理),达到7 500.4 kg/hm~2和8 145.1 kg/hm~2,与等氮量处理相比提高了180.1 kg/hm~2和224.9 kg/hm~2;在最佳施氮量的基础上减施20%的氮肥,与农民习惯施肥相比产量差异不显著,总体表现为不降低冬小麦产量,降低了施肥次数和劳动强度。     

Intercropping of Wheat and Pea as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization

The effect of sole and intercropping of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on crop yield, fertilizer and soil nitrogen (N) use was tested on a sandy loam soil at three levels of urea fertilizer N (0, 4 and 8 g N m⁻²) applied at sowing. The ¹⁵ N enrichment and natural abundance techniques were used to determine N accumulation in the crops from the soil, fertilizer and symbiotic N₂ fixation. Intercrops of pea and wheat showed maximum productivity without the supply of N fertilizer. Intercropping increased total dry matter (DM) and N yield, grain DM and N yield, grain N concentration, the proportion of N derived from symbiotic N₂ fixation, and soil N accumulation. With increasing fertilizer N supply, intercropped and sole cropped wheat responded with increased yield, grain N yield and soil N accumulation, whereas the opposite was the case for pea. Fertilizer N enhanced the competitive ability of intercropped wheat recovering up to 90% of the total intercrop fertilizer N acquisition and decreased the proportion of pea in the intercrop, but without influencing the total intercrop grain yield. As a consequence, Land Equivalent Ratios calculated on basis of total DM production decreased from a maximum of 1.34 to as low as 0.85 with increased fertilizer N supply. The study suggests that pea–wheat intercropping is a cropping strategy that use N sources efficiently due to its spatial self-regulating dynamics where pea improve its interspecific competitive ability in areas with lower soil N levels, and vice versa for wheat, paving way for future option to reduce N inputs and negative environmental impacts of agricultural crop production.     

Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use under rainfed maize and irrigated wheat at Kadawa,northern Nigeria

Field trials were conducted at Kadawa, northern Nigeria, during 1975–77 to study the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use under maize (Zea mays L.)—wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation; the study also examined the impact of continuous N use on some soil properties. Grain and straw dry matter yields, grain N content, crop N uptake and whole plant N concentration of wheat at different growth stages increased significantly with increasing levels of N application. Per cent increases in mean grain yield of N treated plots over control were 77, 131 and 141 for maize and 195, 308 and 326 for wheat at 60, 120 and 180 kg N per ha levels, respectively. The calculated N rates for maximum yield were 177.5 and 164.0 kg N per ha for maize and wheat, respectively. Short-term beneficial effect of dung on maize yield was ascribed to its additional N supply. Urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) were equally good for both maize and wheat; full and split N application gave no significant difference in yield. The values for mean fertilizer N recovery over all the crops were 64, 58 and 44% respectively, at 60, 120 and 180 kg N per ha levels.Nitrogen application at the highest rate (180 kg per ha) reduced the soil pH significantly in the top 40 cm of the soil profile. The magnitude of soil acidification at levels of N below 120 kg per ha was not appreciable in this study. High N application also depleted the soil of its cations at differential rates. Other factors such as N source, time of N application and addition of dung along with N fertilizer did not have much influence on the rate of short-term soil acidification due to N fertilizer use.     

小麦拔节期追施磷钾肥产量效应研究

小麦拔节期追施磷、钾肥试验研究表明:把适量的磷、钾肥后移至拔节期追施,有利于提高小麦的产量和穗数,且有一定的经济效益。在土壤磷、钾供肥能力分别为86.1%、82.1%,施磷量120kg/hm2,施钾量90kg/hm2的条件下,其中27.3%磷肥追施、31.9%钾肥追施的产量最高,为6169.7kg/hm2,增产12.65%,增收1021.7元/hm2。