不同甜瓜品种鲜切加工特性评价

以网纹(中蜜55号、华蜜2号)、光皮(中蜜116、玉金香)两个类型甜瓜共4个品种为实验材料,分别测定其产量及采收后贮藏(10℃)0、14、28d时的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、感官品质、VC含量及出品率,实验结果采用灰色关联度分析方法进行综合评价。结果表明：供试甜瓜品种用于鲜切加工的优先排序依次为华蜜2号、中蜜55号、中蜜116和玉金香,其中华蜜2号在采摘初期表现出产量高、感官品质好、VC含量高的特点,中蜜55号呈现出产量高、品质较好、耐贮性好的特征。     

鲜切莴笋低温贮藏期间的品质变化

以鲜切莴笋为原料,研究聚丙烯(PP)保鲜盒和真空包装下鲜切莴笋在低温贮藏期间品质的变化。试验结果表明:两种包装下的鲜切莴笋在9 h时品质良好,而24 h后的鲜切莴笋已不具有商业价值,真空包装能够有效地控制鲜切莴笋的失重率、可滴定酸含量、呼吸强度、VC损失率、叶绿素损失率、丙二醛含量与细菌总数,提高莴笋的感官品质和营养价值。     

鲜切莲藕气调包装及其质量评价

采用9组不同初始气份对鲜切莲藕进行气调包装,放置在5℃、相对湿度为85%环境中贮藏,分别在第2、5、10、15、20 d测定其感官指标、色差、失重率、硬度、VC和酸含量指标,并与未包装产品进行比较;采用主成分分析法对贮藏20 d后的鲜切莲藕质量变化率进行综合评价.结果表明:总体上气调包装对鲜切莲藕有保鲜作用,其中气调组分2%氧气 6%二氧化碳对鲜切莲藕保鲜效果最好.     

贮藏温度对鲜切火龙果品质及微生物的影响

以红心火龙果为试材,通过对感官评价、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC、总酚、菌落总数、霉菌和酵母总数等指标的研究,探讨不同贮藏温度(0,4,10,20℃)对鲜切火龙果营养品质和卫生指标的影响。结果表明:在4℃贮藏能延缓鲜切火龙果整个贮藏期间硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC和总酚含量的下降,以及失重率的增加,抑制丙二醛含量的上升,在贮藏结束时仍能保持较低的菌落总数、霉菌和酵母总数,保持较好的感官品质,从而延长货架期。     

高压对鲜切生菜感官品质的影响

以结球生菜为材料,研究高压处理(50～200MPa处理1～20min)对鲜切生菜感官品质(褐变、水浸、香气、质地、味道)的影响,采用灰色关联度分析方法进行综合评价。结果表明：高压处理对鲜切生菜的感官品质产生不同的影响。50MPa、5min高压处理的鲜切生菜的感官质量与理想感官质量性状的灰色关联度最大,该处理改善了鲜切生菜的感官品质,口感更甜;随着压力的增大、处理时间的延长,鲜切生菜的感官品质变差,200MPa处理20min的鲜切生菜出现异味、高韧度、严重水浸与褐变。     

华南型黄瓜鲜切加工适宜性的对比分析

为筛选出适宜的黄瓜鲜切加工新品种,本试验针对18个参加品比试验的华南型黄瓜优良组合和对照品种(燕白黄瓜)开展了鲜切加工适宜性评价,测定了含水率、可溶性固形物含量(TSSC)、果肉厚度、种腔直径、果肉色差(L*、a*、b*值)、果皮硬度、果肉硬度、感官指标(口感、脆度)和出品率12项指标。通过统计分析、相关性分析和因子评价确定了7个鲜切黄瓜加工适宜性筛选的主评价指标,通过层次分析确定了主评价指标的权重,通过灰色关联度分析对19个黄瓜样品材料的鲜切加工适宜性进行了排序,同时结合各样品的田间栽培性状优选出较适宜的鲜切加工样品材料编号为4#和2#。以上结果可为鲜切黄瓜加工过程中原料的选择提供科学依据,也可为华南型黄瓜鲜切加工专用品种的选育提供指导。     

高压二氧化碳处理对鲜切哈密瓜微生物与品质的影响

本实验以哈密瓜为原料,优化了清洗工艺,研究了高压二氧化碳（high pressure carbon dioxide,HPCD） 处理对鲜切哈密瓜贮藏期间（4 ℃避光贮藏8 d）微生物（菌落总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数）、感官指标（质量损失 率、质构、感官评价）、品质指标（可溶性固形物含量、pH值、VC含量）、酶（多酚氧化酶（polyphenoloxidase, PPO）、过氧化物酶）活力的影响。本研究首先确定了强酸电解水清洗25 min为最佳清洗工艺,清洗后鲜切哈密 瓜的菌落总数下降了0.81（lg（CFU/g））。2.5、3.5、4.5 MPa处理8 min后的鲜切哈密瓜在贮藏期间微生物数量显 著增加,PPO活力上升,且在贮藏8 d时,质量、硬度和VC含量分别下降了16.45%～42.70%、30.38%～48.97%和 96.25%～96.73%。本研究为HPCD技术应用于鲜切哈密瓜加工提供了理论依据。     

蟠桃品种用于加工鲜榨汁的适宜性评价

为研究不同蟠桃品种的鲜榨汁加工适宜性,本实验对北京平谷地区的7 个蟠桃品种的理化与营养指标（pH值、总酚含量、抗坏血酸含量、蛋白质含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量（soluble solids content,SSC）、固酸比、果胶含量）和加工品质指标（单果质量、L*、a*、b*值、褐变度、出汁率、黏度）进行了测定,并从色泽、气味和风味三方面进行感官评价。通过相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析法筛选出了SSC、出汁率、果胶含量、a*值和蛋白质含量5 个核心品质评价指标。通过层次分析法得出：SSC和出汁率的权重值为0.32,果胶的权重值为0.18,a*值和蛋白质的权重值分别为0.11和0.07。对7 个蟠桃品种的鲜榨汁品质综合评价表明：瑞蟠21的鲜榨汁品质最好,其次为瑞蟠20、瑞蟠4和瑞蟠19,而巨蟠、瑞蟠2和瑞蟠3的鲜榨汁品质较差。     

不同贮藏方式对鲜切大白菜食用品质的影响

为探究不同贮藏方式对于鲜切大白菜食用品质的影响,研究采用不同包装及贮藏温度对鲜切大白菜进行处理,通过测定其感官品质、抗坏血酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物及亚硝酸盐含量的变化,探究不同贮藏方式对鲜切大白菜食用品质的影响。结果表明：两种冷藏（4±1℃）条件下（即冷藏与冷藏PE）鲜切白菜的感官品质均显著优于两种室温（18±2℃）条件（即室温与室温PE）（P≤0．05）,且两种冷藏条件下可明显延缓抗坏血酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物含量的下降,抑制亚硝酸盐含量的升高。其中,以冷藏PE贮藏方式对保持鲜切白菜的食用品质效果最佳。     

壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切哈密瓜品质的影响

将鲜切"西州蜜"哈密瓜用2%的壳聚糖处理,研究壳聚糖涂膜处理对鲜切瓜块冷藏期间品质影响。结果表明,壳聚糖涂膜可有效降低鲜切哈密瓜贮藏期间果实失重率,延缓硬度下降,同时,壳聚糖涂膜还能有效维持瓜块的色泽,以及可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的含量,此外,壳聚糖涂膜还能显著抑制果块表面菌落总数、酵母菌、霉菌、大肠菌群数的增长。感官评价结果表明经壳聚糖涂膜处理的鲜切哈密瓜果实的良好食用品质可维持至9 d,比对照组延长3 d。     

Quality Measurement of Intact and Fresh-cut Slices of Fuji, Granny Smith, Pink Lady, and GoldRush Apples

ABSTRACT: Development of fresh-cut apple products requires consideration of cultivars that store well as both intact and fresh-cut fruit. We compared the instrumental and sensory quality of 2 apple cultivars, Granny Smith and Fuji, that are used for fresh cutting with 2 new cultivars, Pink Lady and GoldRush, which were considered to have quality characteristics suitable for fresh cutting. Firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), and aromatic volatile concentration were measured in intact fruit of the 4 cultivars during 12 mo storage in air at 0 °C and during 3 wk storage at 5 °C as fresh-cut slices. After 1 wk storage as fresh-cut slices, sensory evaluations for acceptability of flesh and peel appearance, flavor, texture, and overall eating quality were performed. During storage, GoldRush apples maintained > 80 N firmness, approximately 17% SSC, > 0.5% TA, and had high aromatic volatile production, that is, maintained quality better than the other cultivars. The quality and shelf stability of GoldRush slices were also as good as or better than slices from the other cultivars, whereas Granny Smith slices generally rated lower than the other cultivars. The acceptability of flavor, texture, and overall eating quality of GoldRush slices was as good as that for Pink Lady and Fuji. The quality of GoldRush apples can be maintained throughout the year in refrigerated air storage and still remain suitable for fresh-cut processing. The results indicate that GoldRush and Pink Lady are 2 promising new, high-quality apple cultivars for fresh cutting. Keywords: fresh-cut fruit, Malus × domestica , postharvest quality, respiration rate, shelf life     

不同品种紫薯粉鲜湿面条的品质特性及主成分分析

为研究不同品种紫薯粉鲜湿面条品质特性的差异及紫薯粉的加工适宜性,选取10个品种紫薯作为研究对象,采用主成分分析法进行分析和综合评价。结果表明,不同品种紫薯鲜湿面条色泽特性、烹煮特性(熟断条率、烹煮损失率、膨胀率)、质构特性(硬度、黏聚性、回复性、内聚性、弹性、黏度、咀嚼性)、感官评分存在一定的差异性。通过主成分分析方法分析并提取了口感、烹煮、色泽、膨胀特性4项主成分,累积方差贡献率为87.990%。根据主成分综合评价法,总综合排名前4的品种分别是徐紫薯8号(综合得分0.854)、绵紫薯9号(综合得分0.607)、市售紫薯(综合得分0.118)、渝紫薯7号(综合得分0.114),进一步说明徐紫薯8号最适合用于紫薯粉鲜湿面条加工。本文为筛选适宜加工鲜湿面条的专用紫薯粉提供了依据。     

Suitability of four blackcurrant cultivars for industrial syrup production

The four blackcurrant cultivars Øjebyn, Ben Nevis, Ben Lomond and Silvergieter have been evaluated with reference to their suitability for syrup production. The examination was based on sensory and physico-chemical characterisation, and was performed on the berries themselves and the syrup. The results show that Øjebyn is less suitable for syrup production, while Ben Nevis and Ben Lomond differ insignificantly in most qualities from the reference cultivar, Silvergieter. Criteria for the evaluation of cultivars for industrial suitability are discussed.     

New or lesser known cultivar selection as a tool for sensory and nutritional value enhancement of osmo-convectively dried sour cherries

Taking into consideration the economic importance of sour cherry growing in Europe as well as the arising perspective of novel sour cherry product development, an investigation outlining the processing usefulness of some promising sour cherry cultivars that could lead to a better final product quality was undertaken. Nine new or lesser popular cultivars of sour cherries were compared to ‘English Morello’ with particular consideration given to processing suitability for osmo-convective drying. The quality of raw material was characterized taking into account fruit size, soluble solids content, acidity and pro-health properties. To assess the quality trait stability of individual cultivars, standard deviations were calculated. As a measure of ascertaining the fruits' suitability for drying, the sensory properties of osmo-dried products produced by the examined cultivars were considered. The gathered data demonstrates high seasonal variations in quality traits of the most investigated cultivars, which could well restrict their processing usefulness, especially for osmo-drying, as this product was found highly sensitive to fluctuation of raw material uniformity. Among the tested cultivars ‘Nefris’ emerged the most suitable for processing purposes. Fruits of this cultivar gave high quality dried product of repeatable sensory attributes characterized by significantly better pro-health properties than that of ‘English Morello’.     

4种乌龙茶树鲜叶适制绿茶、黄茶、白茶、红茶可行性研究

选用‘毛蟹’、‘丹桂’、‘九龙袍’、‘矮脚乌龙’4个乌龙茶树品种新梢为原料,分别蒸青固样并加工成绿茶、黄茶、白茶、红茶。所制茶样通过感官审评和生化成分分析,分析其茶类适制性。结果表明:用‘毛蟹’试制的绿茶,其氨基酸含量在4个品种中最高,为2.02%,酯型儿茶素含量为10.27%,仅低于九龙袍;用‘毛蟹’试制的黄茶,其水浸出物含量、氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量分别为40.91%、2.13%、3.96%,均高于其它3个品种;用‘毛蟹’试制的白茶,其水浸出物含量在4个品种中最高,为44.32%,茶多酚含量为24.28%,仅低于矮脚乌龙;用‘矮脚乌龙’试制的红茶,其水浸出物含量、茶多酚含量、儿茶素总量和茶黄素含量均为4个品种中最高,分别为40.17%、23.34%、3.18%、0.42%。感官审评结果表明,‘毛蟹’制绿茶、黄茶和白茶品质均优,‘矮脚乌龙’制红茶品质优,‘丹桂’制白茶品质较优。综上,‘毛蟹’品种茶类适制性强,适制绿茶、黄茶和白茶,‘矮脚乌龙’适制红茶,‘丹桂’适制白茶。     

江西省丘陵红壤地区主栽茶树品种的工夫红茶适制性研究

目的 为研究江西丘陵红壤地区主要栽培茶树品种的红茶适制性。方法 对比分析了当地主要栽培的8个茶树品种的鲜叶原料和成品红茶的发酵性能、品质成分及感官品质等指标。结果 8个品种所制的红茶的(茶黄素+茶红茶)/茶褐素的比值为1.15~1.61间,要明显高于国内主产区红茶的比值(一般认为为1.02~1.12),8个品种均能按红茶加工工序制成品质优良的红茶,赣茶14号品质最优,其次为金观音、黄观音茶树品种。结论 从发酵性能、香气成分检测以及茶叶感官审评等方面也能得到相同的结论。说明江西引种的茶树品种制红茶品质独特,适宜开发成工夫红茶。