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干酪生产中影响凝乳酶活力因素的研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
干酪生产中凝乳酶活力是决定其添加量的重要指标,本试验就影响活力的多种因素进行探讨。其中原料乳中非脂乳固体含量,凝乳温度、酸度、CaCl2加入量,稀释液中盐含量和凝乳酶浓度是重要的凝乳条件。 相似文献
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本研究利用向农家干酪加入干酪乳杆菌的方式,研究农家干酪的抗氧化活性及在模拟胃肠道中乳酸菌的存活能力。通过对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除的能力以及对铁的还原能力指标的测定,利用PH 4.6-SN及12%TCA-SN进行抗氧化活性分析。结果表明:在第30 d时,DPPH自由基的清除能力达到最高值,为316μM Trolox,还原能力为0.647;羟自由基的清除率在第25 d时最高达到54.38%,在第30 d时有所下降。在对第20 d的农家干酪的水溶性提取液的冷冻干燥粉进行抗氧化活性的评价时,抗氧化活性得到提高;综上所述,添加干酪乳杆菌的农家干酪在储藏期内抗氧化活性显著增强。选择第20 d的农家干酪进行模拟胃肠道的存活能力研究,发现活菌数降低了5 log_(10) cfu/g,最终为7 log_(10) cfu/g,可起到益生作用。因此,加入干酪乳杆菌显著提高农家干酪抗氧化活性,农家干酪可以起到益生作用。 相似文献
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以新鲜牦牛乳为原料,采用小牛皱胃酶、木瓜蛋白酶和微生物凝乳酶制作硬质干酪,探讨凝乳酶种类对牦牛乳硬质干酪成熟期间蛋白质降解的影响。结果表明:三种凝乳酶牦牛乳硬质干酪成熟过程中,不同凝乳酶牦牛乳硬质干酪在成熟期间蛋白质降解能力存在较大差异,总氮(TN)、p H4.6水溶性氮(p H4.6-SN/TN)、12%的三氯乙酸氮(12%TCA-N/TN)、5%磷钨酸氮(5%PTA-N/TN)含量、游离氨基酸均随成熟时间延长不同程度的增加,蛋白氮和酪蛋白氮逐渐降低,多肽氮呈先升高后下降趋势,且微生物凝乳酶降解牦牛乳硬质干酪蛋白能力显著(p<0.05)高于木瓜蛋白酶和小牛皱胃酶。 相似文献
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凝乳酶对超滤浓缩乳生产Quark干酪的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用每100g超滤乳中添加0、50、100、150、200、250μL六个水平的凝乳酶,研究了不同的凝乳酶添加量对Quark干酪组成、凝乳硬度、贮藏期产品感官品质和干酪中水溶性氮含量的影响。结果表明,当凝乳酶的添加量从0μL/100g增大到250μL/100g时,产品的水分含量上升了1·49%,粗产率和校正产率分别上升了1·42%和0·99%,固形物的回收率下降了3·5%,凝乳硬度从16·83g增大到40·84g,但干酪的苦味和水溶性氮含量,随着贮存期的延长和凝乳酶用量的增加而增大。 相似文献
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通过测定不同可溶性氮含量以及采用尿素凝胶电泳法,研究了不同小牛皱胃酶添加量对牦牛乳硬质干酪3个月成熟过程中蛋白质降解的影响,并对干酪苦味进行了感官评价。研究表明:凝乳酶添加量对干酪p H 4.6SN和12%TCASN影响显著(P0.05),在成熟1个月时,不同凝乳酶添加量干酪p H 4.6SN之间差距较大,且凝乳酶添加量与干酪p H 4.6SN间存在较强线性关系。凝乳酶添加量对5%PTASN和游离氨基酸影响不显著(P0.05)。尿素凝胶电泳显示:干酪中αs-酪蛋白降解依赖于凝乳酶添加量,且降解程度大于β-酪蛋白。凝乳酶添加量对干酪苦味影响显著(P0.05),且随着凝乳酶添加量的增多,其苦味程度逐渐加重,但是大部分干酪苦味属于轻微苦味和中等程度苦味之间。干酪苦味与12%TCASN、αs-酪蛋白和β-酪蛋白降解率之间具有较强相关性(Spearman相关系数0.7,P0.01)。 相似文献
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不同凝乳酶在干酪生产中应用效果的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对不同凝乳酶在干酪生产中的凝乳特性、干酪出品率及成熟2个月的干酪品质进行了研究。结果表明,小牛皱胃酶和羔羊皱胃酶是干酪生产的最佳凝乳酶;其次为毛霉凝乳酶和胃蛋白酶;木瓜蛋白酶和无花果蛋白酶应用效果较差。在小牛皱胃酶和羔羊皱胃酶中添加20%木瓜蛋白酶或25%毛霉凝乳酶,可获得较为理想的效果。 相似文献
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研究了制备干酪过程中皱胃酶的主要性质,主要是CaCl2浓度、温度、pH值对皱胃酶的活性有显著影响。 相似文献
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为探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌GSBa-1凝乳酶制备的羊奶干酪(干酪B)成熟特性的变化,以采用商业凝乳酶和同批次羊奶制作的干酪(干酪A)为对照组,比较两组干酪在60d成熟期主要组分、质构特性、微生物指标及风味物质的变化。结果表明,两组干酪得率相差不大。成熟期间干酪的水分、蛋白质及脂肪含量呈先上升后下降趋势,干酪B始终高于干酪A;干酪游离氨基酸总量在成熟期间呈先下降后上升趋势,且干酪B中苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、异亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、丝氨酸含量高于干酪A。成熟前期干酪B质构特性优于干酪A。干酪A成熟后乳酸乳球菌数量增加了(5.22±0.02)%,干酪B无显著变化(P>0.05)。成熟期内,两组干酪中挥发性风味物质种类和含量均增加,但干酪B中的壬酸、辛醇、2-庚酮、2-壬酮、二甲基砜使羊奶干酪风味独特、浓郁。因此,GSBa-1凝乳酶具备替代商业凝乳酶用于羊奶干酪生产的潜力,可对干酪风味的形成和品质的提升起到一定促进作用。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》1988,71(10):2618-2621
Cottage cheese (100 g) provides only 6% of the calcium Recommended Daily Allowance for adults. Samples of fresh cheese were supplemented with calcium salts (chloride, lactate, or phosphate monobasic) to double the calcium content of the cheese to approximately 145 mg/100 g, and the effects of the supplementation on taste and microbial stability were studied. Supplementations did not affect pH or microbial stability during 21 d of refrigerated storage. Sensory evaluation results of a 12-member taste panel showed higher flavor and preference scores for control than for all supplemented samples (P<.05) but no difference in odor, color, or texture. Overall, chloride appeared to be preferable for calcium content supplementation because only .26% (wt/wt) of the salt was required to obtain the desired calcium content level and the mineral was evenly distributed in the cheese. 相似文献
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从实验室保存的7 株乳酸菌中,经分离纯化,以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,筛选获得1 株高产细菌素的菌株KLDS 1.0338,排除有机酸和过氧化氢的干扰以及蛋白酶敏感性实验,确定抑菌作用是由细菌素产生的。通过菌株形态学分析,生理生化及16S rDNA分析鉴定菌株KLDS 1.0338为干酪乳杆菌ATCC 334。进一步利用该菌株制作农家干酪,考察4 ℃贮藏期间干酪的变化,添加KLDS 1.0338干酪乳杆菌的实验组抑菌活性显著大于未添加KLDS 1.0338干酪乳杆菌组(P<0.01),实验组的pH值下降平缓,可以有效延长农家干酪的货架期,并保持产品原有的色泽、风味、质构等感官特性。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》1986,69(6):1479-1483
Ultrafiltered skim milk retentates were transported to a large industrial cottage cheese plant for milk supplementation leading to cottage cheese. The resulting industrial products were observed for composition, yields, whey component losses, and quality.Ten lots of small curd cottage cheese were made in vats containing up to 6593 kg skim milk. Retentate supplemented skim milks, concentrated approximately 10% (1.1:1) and 20% (1.2:1) in total protein, were very similar in initial composition to the controls. Mean cheese yield values from milks supplemented to 1.2:1 total protein were significantly higher than mean unsupplemented control milk values. Cheese yield efficiencies, per kilogram total solids, were also significantly higher in the retentate cheese but not when calculated per kilogram total protein.Total solids, total protein, and ash were higher in cottage cheese wheys from retentate supplemented cheese and were directly related to retentate supplementation concentration. Mean whey component loss per kilogram cheese exhibited significant decreases from milks of higher retentate supplementation. Retentate supplemented skim milk produced industrial cottage cheese of comparable quality to cheese made from unsupplemented control skim milks. 相似文献
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E.B. Branger C.A. Sims R.H. Schmidt S.F. O'Keefe J.A. Cornell 《Journal of food science》1999,64(1):180-184
Studies were conducted to determine the sensory characteristics of pasteurized blends of cottage cheese whey and grapefruit juice (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% whey), and the effects of processing alternatives and storage at 3°C. A trained sensory panel rated six attributes (grapefruit, sweetness, sourness, astringency, cheesiness, saltiness). Cheesiness and saltiness increased, while sourness, astringency, sweetness, and grapefruit flavor decreased as the percentage of whey increased. Protein removal did not affect the sensory characteristics, but vacuum stripping reduced cheesiness and increased grapefruit flavor and sweetness. Lactose hydrolysis increased sweetness and decreased cheesiness in blends with more than 50% whey. The flavor of most blends was stable for 14 wk at 3°C. 相似文献