摇瓶发酵细菌纤维素的木糖驹形氏杆菌P1-1筛选及培养基初步优化

为了提高细菌纤维素(Bacterial Cellulose,BC)动态发酵产量,从6种腐烂的水果中筛选出产细菌纤维素菌种42株,从所筛菌种中选择初筛动态发酵产量最高的木糖驹形氏杆菌(Komagataeibacter xylinus)P1-1,对P1-1菌株产的细菌纤维素进行性质分析.红外光谱和热重分析结果表明,细菌纤维...     

细菌纤维素-二氧化硅复合气凝胶纤维的制备及性能研究

气凝胶因为自身具备的高孔隙率、低密度、大的比表面积等特性使其具有很多优异的性能。但目前气凝胶因为其自身差的力学性能导致了其产品主要以粉末、块体、气凝胶毡形态存在,这限制了气凝胶的应用场景。为丰富气凝胶的形态并拓宽其应用场景,本工作尝试以偏硅酸钠为硅源,通过二次塑形后的原位溶胶凝胶法及冷冻干燥工艺制备细菌纤维素-二氧化硅复合气凝胶纤维。通过对线状细菌纤维素进行二次塑形提升细菌纤维素-二氧化硅复合气凝胶纤维的力学性能。通过调控偏硅酸钠的用量制备不同特性的细菌纤维素-二氧化硅复合气凝胶纤维。对样品进行了扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、比表面积分析测试(BET)、隔热性能。结果表明:制得的产品密度不超过0.28g·cm-3,抗拉强度最高可达4.5 MPa。当偏硅酸钠的用量为20 wt%时,产品具备最佳的隔热性能:热源温度为150℃时,样品表面比热源降低约45℃。     

细菌纤维素复合材料的发酵制备研究

通过在发酵培养基中添加琼脂、可溶性淀粉、明胶、壳聚糖等水溶性高分子物质制备改性细菌纤维素,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、万能材料测试机等检测手段对改性细菌纤维素的结构、形态特征及物理性能进行研究。结果发现:琼脂、可溶性淀粉、明胶均在一定程度上对合成的细菌纤维素的强力和结构有一定的影响,而壳聚糖由于本身具有抑菌作用,它的添加抑制了细菌的生长,基本上不能合成纤维素。通过TGA分析证实改性细菌纤维素中添加物的存在。     

改性石墨烯/细菌纤维素复合导电纤维膜的制备研究

采用真空抽滤法制膜,并采用溶液还原法、蒸汽还原法以及先还原后制膜法3种工艺制备改性石墨烯/细菌纤维素复合导电纤维膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱对纤维膜材料的结构和性能进行表征,探讨了3种制膜工艺对复合导电纤维膜的表面电阻的影响。结果表明,通过SEM观察发现,采用溶液还原法和蒸汽还原法制备的复合导电纤维膜中石墨烯复合物(PNIPAM-rGO)与细菌纤维素较好结合,而先还原后制膜法制备工艺其结合效果较差;XRD证实了PNIPAM-rGO的存在几乎不影响细菌纤维素的结晶结构;Raman光谱较好地证实了PNIPAM-GO能充分还原成PNIPAM-rGO。通过比较导电纤维膜表面电阻发现,采用蒸汽还原法制备的导电纤维膜的导电性最佳。     

细菌纤维素/热塑性聚氨酯复合气凝胶纤维制备及性能

使用绿色有机材料细菌纤维素(BC),并掺杂增强材料热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)经过湿法纺丝制备复合气凝胶纤维,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、全自动比表面孔隙度分析仪和单丝强力仪对制备的气凝胶纤维进行结构分析和性能表征,结果表明复合气凝胶纤维具有多孔结构,良好的力学性能和隔热性能,断裂强度达到24.69Mpa,断裂伸长为38.54%。     

细菌纤维素生物医学材料的现状及展望

细菌纤维素是由细菌合成的纯净纳米纤维素构成的网状纤维,具有优良的形态学、生物学、物理学性能以及合成可控性,因此在生物医学材料领域被广泛应用。介绍了近年来细菌纤维素应用于敷料、人造皮肤、组织修复材料和膳食纤维等方面的研究进展,并对其生物降解能力、生物相容性和纤维定向等性能的提高作出了展望。     

凝固浴温度对再生细菌纤维素纤维结构与性能的影响

以细菌纤维素为原料,N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物为溶剂制得纺丝原液,在不同的凝固浴温度条件下,制备再生细菌纤维素纤维,对其形貌、结晶度、取向度、力学性能、吸湿保湿性等进行了研究.结果表明:随着凝固浴温度的提高,再生细菌纤维素纤维表面逐渐趋于光滑,且结晶度提高、取向度和断裂强度降低;凝固浴温度为0～45℃,再生细菌纤维素纤维...     

细菌纤维素的研究现状及进展

从细菌纤维素的生产原料、改性与表面修饰以及细菌纤维素复合材料等方面对有关细菌纤维素的最新研究进行了综述,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

细菌纤维素的生产研究进展

介绍了细菌纤维素(BC)的特殊结构、功能、物理和化学性质以及应用前景。综述了目前细菌纤维素的生产菌种、生产方式及原料的研究进展。     

细菌纤维素及其酯化产物与聚乳酸的复合材料的制备与表征

细菌纤维素(BC)经由多种有机酸(乙酸、正己酸、月桂酸)表面酯化,得到细菌纤维素乙酸酯(C2-BC)、细菌纤维素正己酸酯(C6-BC)、细菌纤维素月桂酸酯(C12-BC),将BC及酯化产物分别加入到聚乳酸(PLA)溶液,采用热致相分离技术(TIPS)制备出BC(BC酯化产物)/PLA复合材料,红外光谱、扫描电镜、差热分析和热重分析结果显示,BC以及酯化产物均匀分布在PLA中,制备的复合材料具有多孔结构,酯化产物的添加提高了PLA的结晶度,但是对PLA链的移动性没有太大影响。同时,BC及其酯化产物的的引入,提高了PLA的降解温度,并且随着酯化支链的长度增加,杨氏模量和抗拉强度也相应有所提高。     

细菌纤维素再生前后结构与性质上的差异

对比研究了细菌纤维素和再生细菌纤维素的结构与性质上的差异,揭示了细菌纤维素在氯化锂（LiCl）／二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）溶剂体系下溶解,经水浴凝固再生前后的形貌、大分子结构、晶型及尺寸、物理机械性能、含水保湿性上的变化,为再生细菌纤维素的应用提供理论依据。     

凝固浴温度对Ionicell纤维结构及性能的影响

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)为溶剂,水为凝固浴,α-纤维素质量分数95.5%的棉浆为原料,通过干湿法纺丝制备再生纤维素(Ionicell)纤维。探讨了凝固浴温度对纤维结晶结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在其他相同条件下,随着凝固浴温度的升高,纤维的结晶度、双折射和非晶区取向都呈现先增大后减小的趋势,纤维的断裂强度、初始摸量也呈先增大后减小的趋势,当凝固浴温度为20℃时纤维的力学性能最佳,断裂强度为2.98 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为3.5%,初始模量为59.7 cN/dtex。     

纺丝工艺对离子液体法新型纤维素纤维性能的影响

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[BMIM]C1）为溶剂,用干湿法纺丝制备了再生纤维素纤维,通过正交试验设计和系统试验,考察了气隙长度、喷头拉伸比、凝固浴浓度和凝固浴温度等工艺参数对制得的再生纤维素纤维的力学性能的影响,找出离子液体法新型纤维素纤维的最佳纺丝工艺。试验结果表明,对于该体系,纺丝工艺参数中凝固浴温度和拉伸比对纤维的拉伸强度、初始模量的影响最大,气隙长度对纤维断裂伸长影响最大。     

Preparation and characterization of dense cellulose film for membrane application

Regenerated cellulose films were prepared with environmentally friendly process by utilized N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO)‐Cellulose system. To prepare a dense cellulose film for membrane application, some parameter process which influence porous forming such as cellulose DP, cellulose concentration, addition NMMO in coagulation bath, coagulation bath temperature, and drying condition were investigated. We resumed that the porosity and pore size of cellulose membrane decrease with lower cellulose DP, higher cellulose concentration, addition of NMMO in coagulation bath, applying room temperature in coagulation bath and drying, and applying vacuum on drying process resulted in membranes with porosity in range of 24–41% and pore size 13.4–20.2 nm. The main factor for controlling porosity and pore size of dense cellulose membrane was coagulation process condition especially addition of NMMO into coagulation bath. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

凝固条件对纤维素/丝素蛋白纤维相形态及性能的影响

蛋白质纤维具有光滑柔顺、透气吸湿等优点,然而天然蛋白纤维产量有限。再生蛋白纤维的制备通常采用与其它成纤高分子接枝或共混的方法,有利于提高再生蛋白纤维的断裂强度。选用同为天然高分子的纤维素为基体,以共溶剂溶解纤维素与蛋白质,进而纺丝成形制得力学性能满足要求的纤维素/丝素蛋白共混纤维。为了探究凝固剂组成对纤维素/丝素蛋白共混纤维相形态及性能的影响,选用水、乙醇、乙醇/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)等作为凝固剂。研究发现:乙醇作为凝固剂时,纤维素与丝素蛋白能很好地同时凝固;而当在乙醇凝固浴中加入适量的[BMIM]Cl径向均匀分散。通过对凝固剂组成的调控能有效提升纤维的力学强度。     

Bacterial cellulose/collagen composite: Characterization and first evaluation of cytocompatibility

The novel bacterial cellulose (BC)/collagen composites were prepared by immersing wet BC pellicle excreted by Acetobacter xylinum in collagen solution followed by freeze‐drying process. The product looks like a foam structure. The morphology of BC/collagen composite was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with pristine BC. SEM images showed that collagen molecules was not only coated on the BC fibrils surface but also could penetrate inside BC and hydrogen bond interactions were formed between BC and collagen. The prepared BC/collagen composite was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical test. With the incorporation of collagen in the BC, no changes happened in the crystal structure but the thermal stability was improved. Tensile test results indicate that the Young's Modulus and tensile strength have a big increase while the elongation at break has a slight decrease. The cytocompatibility of composite was preliminarily evaluated by cell adhesion studies. The tests were carried out using 3T3 fibroblast cells. The cells incubated with BC/collagen scaffolds for 48 h were capable of forming cell adhesion and proliferation. It showed much better cytocompatibility than pure BC. So, the prepared BC/collagen scaffolds are bioactive and may be suitable for cell adhesion/attachment suggesting that these scaffolds can be used for wound dressing or tissue‐engineering scaffolds. Therefore, these results suggest that these novel BC/collagen scaffolds may have the potential to be sued for some biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within PAN nascent fiber and precursor fiber

The coagulation process was vital for the microfibril evolution and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The PAN nascent fibers and precursor fibers were prepared by controlling drawing ratio of coagulation bath at low temperature during the dry-jet wet spinning process. The microfibril morphological changes induced by force fields in coagulation bath were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. During the coagulation process, the spinning solution evolved into an interconnected network composed of random microfibrils and tie joints as a building block of the network. At low drawing ratio, the random interconnected network existed in nascent fibers. Increasing drawing ratio, the fiber filaments underwent shrinkage and the network was transformed into the transverse lamellae. Furthermore, the lamellar thickness also decreased. After the treatment of post-spinning, similar transverse lamellae were formed in all of precursor fibers, and random microfibrillar network was stretched and oriented to develop into the aligned microfibrils in precursor fibers. The transverse fold-chain crystal layers were densely stacked in the microfibrils. Increasing drawing ratio, the lamellae and microfibrils in precursor fibers were packed more densely and orderly. Consequently, the order and homogeneity of microfibrils in nascent fibers and precursor fibers were improved by increasing drawing ratio, which were benefit to increase fiber tensile strength and modulus.     

Enzymatic saccharification of dissolution pretreated waste cellulosic fabrics for bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus

BACKGROUND: Waste textiles, such as dyed cellulosic and/or polyester blended fabrics have the potential to serve as an alternative feedstock for the production of biological products via microbial fermentation. Dissolution pretreatment was employed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of dyed and synthetic fiber blended cellulosic fabrics. The fermentable reducing sugars obtained from waste cellulosic fabrics were used to culture Gluconobacter xylinus for value‐added bacterial cellulose (BC) production. RESULTS: Concentrated phosphoric acid was the ultimate cellulose solvent for dissolution pretreatment since 5% w/w cellulosic fabric can be completed dissolved at 50 °C. After regeneration in water, the cellulosic precipitate was subjected to cellulase hydrolysis, resulting in at least 4‐fold enhancement of saccharification rate and reducing sugars yield. The colored saccharification products can be utilized by G. xylinus to produce BC, approximately 1.8 g L^?1 BC pellicle was obtained after 7 days static cultivation. CONCLUSION: Dyed and blended waste fabric can be pretreated effectively by dissolution to produce fermentable sugars by cellulase hydrolysis. Dissolution pretreatment can expose the dyed or polyester fiber covered digestible cellulosic fibers to cellulase and leads to a significant enhancement of saccharification yield. The colored saccharification products have no significant inhibiting effect on the fermentation activity of G. xylinus for BC production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型碳纤维用原丝——高强高模Lyocell纤维纺丝工艺研究

采用天然高相对分子质量纤维素脱脂棉为原料 ,制备了高强高模纤维素纤维 ( L yocell纤维 ) ,并用此作为碳纤维原丝 ,成功制得了强度优于粘胶基碳纤维的 L yocell基碳纤维。考察了高相对分子质量纤维素的溶解特点 ,纺丝工艺对 L yocell纤维聚集态及性能的影响 ,比较了 L yocell纤维和粘胶原丝的表面及截面形态。实验表明 :高相对分子质量纤维素溶解的静溶胀时间和温度对其溶解有明显的影响 ;纺丝过程中 ,大的气隙长度对提高纤维的性能有利 ;随着凝固浴中 N -甲基吗啉 N -氧化物( NMMO )的浓度增加 ,纤维的强度和模量增加 ,当其在凝固浴中的质量分数达到 10 %时 ,强度模量最大 ,浓度继续增加 ,纤维的力学性能开始下降 ;拉伸比增加 ,L yocell纤维的强度模量增加 ,当拉伸比大于 3.0时 ,纤维的性能略有下降