外贴预应力玻璃钢板加固混凝土梁试验研究

本文针对外贴复合材料加固混凝土梁存在的不足,将玻璃纤维材料(GFRP)先施加预应力,再将其外贴到混凝土梁受拉面以提高混凝土梁的承载能力.针对GFRP板横向抗剪切挤压强度低的缺点,研究对GFRP板的预应力施加方法,在此基础上完成了9根不同预应力度,不同混凝土强度等级混凝土梁的抗弯试验;同时完成了4根预应力GFRP板在梁侧立面不同粘贴方式抗剪试验研究.试验结果表明,外贴预应力GFRP板加固混凝土梁可大幅度提高混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、极限承载力及GFRP板的强度利用率,改善梁的裂缝开展情况及提高梁的抗变形能力.     

钢板-GFRP组合桥面板受弯性能试验与理论分析

基于玻璃纤维增强复合材料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称"GFRP")具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀等优点,提出一种新型组合桥面板,即在钢板表面粘贴GFRP板,作为正交异性钢桥面板的防水和防腐蚀层,兼有增强钢板刚度的作用。在对组成材料材性测试的基础上,对组合桥面板试件在正弯矩和负弯矩作用下进行四点弯曲试验,测出各试件的荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线;通过换算截面理论推导出钢板-GFRP组合桥面板的刚度、跨中挠度和应力计算公式,并与试验值对比;在四种铺装模型下运用有限元软件分别对正交异性钢板进位移和应力分析。研究结果表明:钢板表面粘贴GFRP板可以有效提高钢板的屈服承载能力和刚度,降低钢板表面应力和开裂风险;钢板-GFRP组合桥面板弯曲性能的理论计算值与试验值吻合性较好。     

新型玄武岩FRP布加固混凝土结构性能试验

为研究新型玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(FRP)布加固混凝土圆柱结构性能,制作了12根试件并进行轴心受压试验,通过改变不同粘贴层数,分析了混凝土柱承载力、延性的变化,以及玄武岩FRP布约束混凝土作用机理。结果表明,粘贴玄武岩FRP布加固结构,可以有效改善结构的力学性能,提高混凝土极限强度和极限应变,提高加固墩柱的承载能力;随着玄武岩FRP布层数增加,混凝土的延性得到较大改善,外贴1~3层玄武岩FRP布加固时,混凝土柱的延性提高幅度约为30.9%~80.7%;玄武岩FRP布约束力主要是在混凝土受压后达到屈服应力时产生;采用玄武岩FRP布进行结构加固,并不是粘贴层数越多加固效果越好。     

混凝土静动态轴向拉伸力学性能

为了解动荷载作用下混凝土结构响应特点,探讨轴向拉伸作用下混凝土静动态力学性能关系,通过对棱柱体混凝土试件进行轴向拉伸试验,分析了7种不同应变速率条件下混凝土试件应力--应变关系曲线、轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量、峰值应变的变化规律。结果表明:随着应变速率的不同,混凝土试件破坏形态发生了变化;混凝土动态轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量和峰值应变均随着应变速率的增加而逐渐增大;混凝土动态轴向拉伸强度、弹性模量和峰值应变增长因子同动静态应变速率比值的对数呈线性增长关系。     

海水环境下GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土黏结行为演化规律

为研究海水环境下GFRP筋与海水海砂混凝土的黏结行为,设计并测试了54个GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土中心拉拔试件,采用温度加速实验,研究清水和海水环境腐蚀后试件黏结强度的变化,并分析了试件的黏结滑移曲线上升段。结果表明,海水温度的升高加速了GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土试件黏结强度的退化,在相同浸泡条件下,60 ℃的黏结强度相较于10 ℃降低了15 %左右;海水环境对试件黏结强度的影响略大于清水环境。分别使用BPE模型、CMR模型和Malvar模型对试件黏结滑移曲线上升段进行分析,结果表明,海水环境下GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土黏结滑移曲线上升段宜采用Malvar模型。最后根据TSF寿命预测法得出,在20 ℃海水环境下,GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土试件使用100年后的黏结强度保留率为65.58 %。     

梁压区边缘设置碳纤维板抗弯承载力试验研究

对2根受压区设置CFRP板的钢筋混凝土适筋梁进行静载四点弯曲试验,分别为在受压区设置一层CFRP板和二层CFRP板.实测轴向荷载-挠度关系曲线,分析加固梁的受压破坏形式、受压区设置CFRP板对适筋梁抗弯承载力、挠度以及应变的影响规律,同时进行1根普通钢筋混凝土适筋梁的静载试验,与受压区设置CFRP板的适筋梁进行比较,最后验证CFRP板加固混凝土构件应考虑CFRP板受压性能对构件承载力的提高作用,并推导出受拉面和受压面粘贴CFRP板加固的矩形截面受弯构件的正截面承载力计算公式.     

玻璃纤维增强复合材料人工加速老化研究

对玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)进行了热空气老化、光加速老化试验,研究了GFRP的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度等随老化时间、老化温度等的变化情况。结果表明,GFRP具有优异的耐热老化和耐光老化性能。     

基于热带雨林环境的GFRP自然老化性能

对玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)在西双版纳热带雨林地区的大气暴露3年和库内暴露10年样品分别进行研究,考察了其拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、压缩强度5种力学性能及变化趋势;采用扫描电子显微镜对样品形貌进行了微观分析;同时对热带雨林地区的GFRP进行了寿命预测,计算出弯曲性能保留率下降到初始值的75%所需要的时间。     

碳纤维/玻璃纤维混杂拉挤板的力学性能研究

混杂复合材料可以改善复合材料的某些性能，提高其性价比，在工业领域中得到了广泛应用。本文使用碳纤维、玻璃纤维和环氧树脂，进行了五种不同碳纤维相对体积比夹芯型混杂拉挤板的设计和试制。针对完成的混杂拉挤板，对其拉伸性能、压缩性能和弯曲性能进行了实验，并对实测数据与混合定律计算数据进行了比较和分析。实验表明：本文研究的碳纤维/玻璃纤维(碳/玻)混杂拉挤板，其拉伸强度和压缩强度均呈负的混杂效应，拉伸模量和压缩模量都符合混合定律；弯曲强度呈负的混杂效应，而弯曲模量则呈正的混杂效应。     

废旧GFRP细骨料混凝土的力学性能研究北大核心CSCD

将废旧环氧玻璃纤维(GFRP)板回收清洗后,粉碎成4 mm以下粉末和4~9 mm颗粒两种细骨料,分别等体积替代混凝土配方中质量分数5%,10%,15%的砂子,制备出方形混凝土试件,养护后测试试件的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度。结果表明,掺入两种粒径的GFRP细骨料后混凝土的抗压强度均有所提高,掺加质量分数为10%时,抗压效果最好。掺入颗粒状细骨料后,混凝土的抗拉强度提高,掺加质量分数10%时强度最高。掺加粉末状细骨料的混凝土试件的劈裂抗拉强度略低于对照组。因此掺加质量分数10%的环氧玻璃纤维颗粒的混凝土的综合力学性能最好。     

Study of interfaces of high-performance glass fibers and DGEBA-based epoxy resins using single-fiber-composite test

The single-fiber-composite (SFC) technique was used to study the interfacial behavior between two flexible blends of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-based epoxy and polyglycol epoxide and three glass fibers. Dog-bone-shaped SFC specimens were made and strained to obtain a distribution of fragment lengths. The fibers were tension-tested at two different gauge lengths. The fragment length distributions, the fiber strength data, and a Monte Carlo simulation of a Poisson/Weibull model for fiber strength and flaws were used to obtain the effective interfacial shear strength values. The results show that the interface does not fail. Instead, penny-shaped transverse cracks appear at every fiber break and grow as the specimen is strained. The interfacial shear strength values are many times higher than the yield shear strength values of bulk epoxy obtained from the tension test.     

Fatigue properties of hemp and glass fiber composites

The fatigue properties of nonwoven randomly oriented short hemp fiber mat and chopped strand mat (CSM) glass fiber reinforced polyester composites have been studied, mainly in tension–tension mode. Despite having poorer absolute fatigue strength, the hemp fiber composites exhibited less fatigue sensitivity as compared with the CSM glass fiber composites in tension–tension fatigue. This could be correlated with the lower stiffness degradation observed during fatigue of the hemp fiber composites as compared with the glass fiber composites at the same normalized peak stress levels. Also, images recorded during fatigue loading showed that the hemp fiber composites were better at resisting crack formation and growth than the glass fiber composites. These results suggest that hemp fiber composites have the potential to replace glass fiber composites in applications where components are subjected to fatigue loads but the stress levels are of moderate value. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1926–1934, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Oriented short glass-fiber composites. IV. Dependence of mechanical properties on the distribution of fiber orientations

Short glass fiber-epoxy laminates of controlled fiber orientation and distribution were loaded to failure under uniaxial tension. The mechanical characteristics of specimens with different orientation patterns, which were determined experimentally, were compared with analytical predictions based on “Laminate Analogy” methods. Results show good agreement between empirical data and prediction in the case of stiffness, stress-strain relationship and strength based on ultimate strain criteria. A methodology is proposed according to which a well-defined, orthotropic, short fiber reinforced plastic system can be prepared, analyzed, and optimized by tailoring it according to the loading pattern in a similar manner to that of the well-established, continuous fiber reinforced laminates.     

Influences of liquid elastomer additive on the behavior of short glass fiber reinforced epoxy

In this study, improvements in mechanical and thermal behavior of short glass fiber (GF) reinforced diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based epoxy with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) modification have been studied. A silane coupling agent (SCA) with a rubber reactive group was also used to improve the interfacial adhesion between glass fibers and an epoxy matrix. 10, 20, and 30 wt% GF reinforced composite specimens were prepared with and without silane coupling agent treatment of fibers and also HTPB modification of epoxy mixture. In the ruber modified specimens, hardener and HTPB were premixed and left at room temperature for 1 hr before epoxy addition. In order to observe the effects of short glass fiber reinforcement of epoxy matrix, silane treatment of fiber surfaces, and also rubber modification of epoxy on the mechanical behavior of specimens, tension and impact tests were performed. The fracture surfaces and thermal behavior of all specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. It can be concluded that increasing the short GF content increased the tensile and impact strengths of the specimens. Moreover, the surface treatment of GFs with SCA and HTPB modification of epoxy improved the mechanical properties because of the strong interaction between fibers, epoxy, and rubber. SEM studies showed that use of SCA improved interfacial bonding between the glass fibers and the epoxy matrix. Moreover, it was found that HTPB domains having relatively round shapes formed in the matrix. These rubber domains led to improved strength and toughness, due mainly to the “rubber toughening” effect in the brittle epoxy matrix.     

多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂界面粘结特性研究

本文对一种多壁碳纳米管进行表面酸化和胺化改性处理,通过超声波分散制备碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂单丝复合试样,采用单丝断裂法研究碳纳米管对玻璃纤维/环氧树脂界面粘结特性的影响。实验结果表明,加入碳纳米管后环氧树脂弯曲性能提高,单丝复合体系的拉伸应力-应变曲线在屈服点之后产生波动。通过比较纤维断点数-应变曲线、偏光下纤维断点形貌以及断口形貌SEM图像发现,对于玻璃纤维体系,加入硅烷偶联剂KH560后,碳纳米管可明显提高玻璃纤维/环氧界面粘结强度,并以胺化碳管改性体系影响最为显著。     

Flexural properties of S‐2 glass and TR30S carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

A study on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced by S‐2 glass and TR30S carbon fibers is presented in this article. Test specimens were made by the hand lay‐up process in an intraply configuration with varying numbers of glass/epoxy laminas substituted for carbon/epoxy laminas. These specimens were then tested in the three point bend configuration in accordance with ASTM D790‐07 at a span to depth ratio of 32. The failed specimens were examined under an optical microscope, and the results show that the dominant failure mode is at the compressive side. The flexural behavior was also simulated by finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the FEA results, the flexural modulus and flexural strength were calculated. Good agreement is found between the experiments and FEA. It is shown that flexural modulus decreases with increasing percentage of S‐2 glass fibers, positive hybrid effects exist by substituting carbon fibers for glass fibers, and applying a thin layer of S‐2 glass fiber‐reinforced polymer on the compressive surface yields the highest flexural strength. The modeling approach presented will pave a way to the effective design of hybrid composites. POLYM. COMPOS., © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

界面结合对GF/PDCPD复合材料性能的影响

界面结合性能对制备性能优异的复合材料具有重要意义。通过对双环戊二烯（DCPD）与玻璃纤维（GF）的浸润性进行研究，将其与等效环氧树脂比较，开发了一种与玻璃纤维具有较好结合性的DCPD树脂，用其制备出一种综合性能优异的玻璃纤维增强PDCPD基复合材料。通过动态接触角、90?拉伸强度和层间剪切强度实验，测定了不同树脂与玻璃纤维之间的粘附力，提供了玻璃纤维与不同树脂界面性能差异。结果表明，SCB-600 DCPD树脂与玻璃纤维的结合性较优，动态接触角为60.35??0.3?，90?拉伸强度为(42.3?1.6) MPa，层间剪切强度为(61.3?3.2) MPa，与1564环氧树脂相当。进一步优化了DCPD树脂质量分数，当树脂质量分数为30%?2%时，SCB-600 DCPD复合材料具有相对最优的力学性能，材料拉伸强度为(1180.1?4.1) MPa，弯曲强度为(1060.4?4.6) MPa，缺口冲击强度为(145.3?4.8) KJ/m2。其弯曲和拉伸强度与玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的性能基本相当，但缺口冲击强度优于1564环氧树脂。     

Comparison of mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with stitched glass and carbon fabrics: Characterization of mechanical anisotropy in composites and investigation on the interaction between fiber and epoxy matrix

The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of epoxy‐based composites having different fiber reinforcements. Glass and carbon fiber composite laminates were manufactured by vacuum infusion of epoxy resin into two commonly used noncrimp stitched fabric (NCF) types: unidirectional and biaxial fabrics. The effects of geometric variables on composite structural integrity and strength were illustrated. Hence, tensile and three‐point bending flexural tests were conducted up to failure on specimens strengthened with different layouts of fibrous plies in NCF. In this article, an important practical problem in fibrous composites, interlaminar shear strength as measured in short beam shear test, is discussed. The fabric composites were tested in three directions: at 0°, 45°, and 90°. In addition to the extensive efforts in elucidating the variation in the mechanical properties of noncrimp glass and carbon fabric reinforced laminates, the work presented here focuses, also, on the type of interactions that are established between fiber and epoxy matrix. The experiments, in conjunction with scanning electron photomicrographs of fractured surfaces of composites, were interpreted in an attempt to explain the failure mechanisms in the composite laminates broken in tension. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The effects on the flexural strength and impact behavior of nanographene ratio of the glass fiber nanocomposite plates

In this study, the flexural strength and the impact behavior of the glass fiber composite plates with the same mesh and layer geometry and the effect of the addition of nanographene (GNP) at various ratios into the matrix were experimentally investigated. The variable examined in the study is the percentage of the nanographene that added in the matrix of glass fiber composite plates. In this study, six types of glass fiber plates were produced; with no nanographene added reference specimen, and with the ratio of 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.70% nanographene added specimens. The effect of nanographene addition to the epoxy matrix on the flexural strength and impact behavior of the specimens was investigated by applying a three‐point bending test and a constant‐energy impact load with the free‐weight test method on the glass fiber plate specimens. The highest flexural strength was observed at the 0.25% nanographene added specimen. Further addition of the nanoparticle caused the flexural strength to decrease. In the free weight drop impact test, the highest acceleration and lowest displacement were found at the 0.25% nanographene added specimen. Adding more nanoparticles adversely affected the impact behavior. The optimum nanographene ratio was determined to be 0.25%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2082–2091, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

连续玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料的力学性能

为了代替传统的钢制鱼尾板与绝缘部件组成的"机械绝缘接头",通过拉挤成型制备了连续玻璃纤维(GF)质量分数高达70.5%的聚氨酯/玻璃纤维(PUR/GF)复合材料。分别对复合材料在0°和90°方向进行了拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能测试;同时,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了拉伸断口,分析了GF在PUR基体中的分布情况及复合材料在拉伸试验中的断裂机理。研究结果表明,0°方向的拉伸强度、弯曲强度以及压缩强度都有很明显的提高,且均符合钢轨鱼尾板的强度标准。