可食用膜的简介及其在肉及肉制品中应用的研究进展

肉及肉制品腐败变质不仅影响销售,而且存在一定安全风险。可食用膜是包裹或涂覆在食品表面的一层薄膜,可以搭载功能活性物质,具有良好的阻隔性,抗菌抗氧化等功效,从而延长肉及肉制品的货架期。基于此,本文介绍了可食用膜的主要成分、制备及在肉及肉制品领域的应用情况,以期为肉及肉制品储藏保鲜提供科学依据和理论基础。     

壳聚糖/石榴皮提取物复合膜在猪肉饼保鲜中的应用

壳聚糖(CH)膜被广泛的应用于食品保鲜领域中,本研究通过向壳聚糖膜中添加石榴皮提取物(PRP)制备具有抗氧化和抗菌活性的复合膜,并研究其对猪肉的保鲜效果。在4±1℃的条件下,采用CH-PRP膜或CH膜包裹猪肉饼,进行为期20 d的储藏保鲜,测定猪肉饼的pH值、细菌总数、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)、高铁肌红蛋白(MetMb)和感官品质等指标的变化。对照组未使用膜包装。对于微生物学指标,与对照组相比,CH和CH-PRP组的保质期均延长了8 d。此外,CH-PRP膜能有效抑制硫代巴比妥酸活性物和肌红蛋白含量的增加。在整个储存期,CH-PRP组猪肉饼的感官品质一直维持在可接受的范围内。通过观察发现,CH-PRP膜在储藏过程中缓慢释放抗氧化酚类化合物。因此,壳聚糖/石榴皮提取物复合膜是一种兼具抗菌和抗氧化效果的保鲜膜,能有效延长猪肉饼的保质期。     

辐射肉品的特性及其质量控制

本文阐述了辐射技术对肉品微生物、肉品品质的影响 ,提出了对辐射肉进行质量控制的措施 ,并介绍了几种常用的检测方法     

Enhancement of Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan by Irradiation

Antimicrobial activity of irradiated chitosan was studied against Escherichia coli B/r. Irradiation of chitosan at 100 kGy under dry conditions was effective in increasing the activity, and inhibited the growth of E coli completely. The molecular weight of chitosan significantly decreased with the increase in irradiation dose, whereas the relative surface charge of chitosan was decreased only 3% by 100 kGy irradiation. Antimicrobial activity assay of chitosan fractionated according to molecular weight showed that 1×10⁵–3×10⁵ fraction was most effective in suppressing the growth of E coli. This fraction comprised only 8% of the 100 kGy irradiated chitosan. On the other hand, chitosan whose molecular weight was less than 1×10⁵ had no activity. The results show that low dose irradiation, specifically 100 kGy, of chitosan gives enough degradation to increase its antimicrobial activity as a result of a change in molecular weight. © 1997 SCI.     

辐照技术在肉制品杀菌保鲜中的应用

辐照是利用原子能射线的辐照能量对食品杀菌处理来保存食品的一种物理方法,其具有环保、安全、高效的特点,应用于肉制品杀菌可以有效抑制或消灭致病或致腐微生物。本文简要介绍辐照杀菌机理,国内外辐照食品现状,辐照食品的安全性评价及辐照肉类标准,并重点介绍60Co-γ射线辐照、电子束辐照以及X 射线辐照在肉制品杀菌保鲜中的研究进展,总结影响辐照杀菌效果的因素。探索了X 射线辐照应用于肉制品杀菌保鲜中的可行性和优势,展望了未来X 射线辐照作为一种先导性的储备技术应用于食品辐照领域的可能性。     

Carnosine Increases Irradiation Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila in Minced Turkey Meat

The effect of carnosine on irradiation inactivation kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophilawas studied. In phosphate buffer, carnosine had no effect on survival of the pathogen, whereas in turkey meat supplemented with carnosine the adverse effect of irradiation on A. hydrophila was reduced. Peroxy radicals were toxic to A. hydrophila , and this effect was counteracted by carnosine. Accordingly, in a kinetic test carnosine was capable of scavenging peroxy radicals. These results indicate that a free radical scavenger antioxidant such as carnosine can increase the radiation resistance of A. hydrophila in meat due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by radiolysis.     

食品辐照技术的特性及在肉制品中的应用研究

阐述了辐照技术及其在肉制品应用中对肉品微生物、肉品品质的影响,提出了对辐照肉品进行质量控制的措施,肯定了辐照肉品的卫生安全性,并介绍了几种常用的检测方法。最后,对辐照技术未来应重点研究开发的方向进行了展望。     

可食性膜在肉及肉制品保质中的应用研究进展

肉类及其制品是极易腐烂变质的食品,其保质问题一直是学术界关注的热点.可食性膜由蛋白质、脂类、多糖组成,可作为天然活性物质的载体,为肉制品增加色香味以及各种功能性,既可有效延长肉制品的保质期,又不会对环境造成负担.不同的肉类和肉类产品需要特定的包装条件,复合生物基薄膜在肉类保鲜领域具有广阔的潜力.本文论述了可食性膜制备方...     

不同辐照剂量壳聚糖酰化改性产物的结构和性质比较

将不同辐照剂量的壳聚糖进行酰化改性,然后分别测定改性前后壳聚糖水溶性和粘度,并通过傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重-差热综合分析仪(TG/DTA)、粉末X-衍射仪(XRD)和电子扫描电镜仪(SEM)对其结构进行表征。结果表明:辐照剂量越大,壳聚糖酰化改性产物产率越低;与壳聚糖相比,未辐照的酰化改性后壳聚糖水溶性和分子量大大增加,粘度明显下降;而随着辐照剂量的增加,经过辐照的酰化改性后壳聚糖水溶性和分子量没有明显的变化,粘度明显降低。FT-IR和TG/DTA图表明酰化改性后壳聚糖分子中成功引入了亲水基团(羧基),XRD和SEM图分别显示酰化改性后壳聚糖晶体结构被破坏,呈现疏松多孔结构,改性后壳聚糖的结构更有利于水分子的进入。结构决定性质,结构变化必然引起性质的变化。进行壳聚糖酰化改性产物结构和性质的比较,对壳聚糖的进一步应用具有理论参考价值。     

电离辐射处理对肉品品质的影响

辐照处理对内品品质的影响,一直是人们普遍关注的问题.本文综合分析了国内外相关肉品辐照研究资料,阐述了辐照处理对肉品质量产生的影响.     

肉制品中亚硝酸盐替代物的研究进展及应用

亚硝酸盐是目前肉制品生产中普遍使用的发色剂,它不仅能赋予肉制品诱人的粉红色,也能对肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌有抑制作用。但亚硝酸盐具有毒性,可与胺类物质生成强致癌物亚硝胺,鉴于此,人们一直努力寻求合适的物质来替代亚硝酸盐在腌肉中的作用,但是国内外的研究人员一直没有找到一种单一的物质来替代亚硝酸盐在腌肉中的作用。本文从发色、抗氧化和抗菌性方面综述了一些国内外亚硝酸盐替代物质的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

食用胶及其在肉制品中的应用

主要介绍了食用胶的作用,并叙述了卡拉胶,黄原胶,瓜尔豆胶,复合食用胶等几种主要实用胶在肉制品加工的应用。     

辐照处理肉及其制品的脂肪氧化效应研究

辐照处理肉及肉制品能有效的提高肉品的卫生安全质量、延长保质期。但是，辐照处理会加速肉与肉制品中脂肪的氧化。本文阐述了辐照诱导肉及肉制品脂肪氧化的机理，并对影响脂肪氧化的因素如辐照剂量、环境温度、包装形式以及抗氧化剂筛选及添加量等进行了综述。     

Plant Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Shelf‐Life Extension of Meat and Meat Products: Classification,Structures, Sources,and Action Mechanisms

Oxidative processes and meat spoilage bacteria are major contributors to decreasing the shelf‐life of meat and meat products. Oxidative processes occur during processing, storage, and light exposure, lowering the nutritional and sensory value and acceptability of meat and generating toxic compounds for humans. Polyphenols inhibit oxidative processes in 3 ways: as reactive species scavengers, lipoxygenase inhibitors, and reducing agents for metmyoglobin. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antioxidants for meat and meat products. The cross‐contamination of meat with spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms can occur in production lines and result in economic losses. The ability of polyphenols to interact with bacterial cell wall components and the bacterial cell membrane can prevent and control biofilm formation, as well as inhibit microbial enzymes, interfere in protein regulation, and deprive bacterial cell enzymes of substrates and metal ions. Thus, polyphenols are candidate antimicrobial agents for use with meat and meat products. Commercially available polyphenols can decrease primary and secondary lipid peroxidation levels, inhibit lipoxygenase activity, improve meat color stability, minimize the degradation of salt‐soluble myofibrillar protein and sulfhydryl groups, and retard bacterial growth. Further studies are now needed to clarify the synergistic/antagonistic action of various polyphenols, and to identify the best polyphenol classes, concentrations, and conditions of use.     

辐照保鲜技术对肉类及其制品影响的研究现状

文中简述了辐照保鲜技术的原理与特点,详细综述了辐照保鲜技术对肉类与肉制品中碳水化合物,蛋白质、脂肪和其他成分及感官品质的影响;对其安全性作了总结,并展望了辐照食品保鲜技术的发展方向。     

Edible Apple Film Wraps Containing Plant Antimicrobials Inactivate Foodborne Pathogens on Meat and Poultry Products

ABSTRACT:  Apple-based edible films containing plant antimicrobials were evaluated for their activity against pathogenic bacteria on meat and poultry products.  Salmonella enterica  or  E. coli  O157:H7 (10⁷ CFU/g) cultures were surface inoculated on chicken breasts and  Listeria monocytogenes  (10⁶ CFU/g) on ham. The inoculated products were then wrapped with edible films containing 3 concentrations (0.5%, 1.5%, and 3%) of cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol. Following incubation at either 23 or 4 °C for 72 h, samples were stomached in buffered peptone water, diluted, and plated for enumeration of survivors. The antimicrobial films exhibited concentration-dependent activities against the pathogens tested. At 23 °C on chicken breasts, films with 3% antimicrobials showed the highest reductions (4.3 to 6.8 log CFU/g) of both  S. enterica  and  E. coli  O157:H7. Films with 1.5% and 0.5% antimicrobials showed 2.4 to 4.3 and 1.6 to 2.8 log reductions, respectively. At 4 °C, carvacrol exhibited greater activity than did cinnamaldehyde. Films with 3%, 1.5%, and 0.5% carvacrol reduced the bacterial populations by about 3, 1.6 to 3, and 0.8 to 1 logs, respectively. Films with 3% and 1.5% cinnamaldehyde induced 1.2 to 2.8 and 1.2 to 1.3 log reductions, respectively. For  L. monocytogenes  on ham, carvacrol films induced greater reductions than did cinnamaldehyde films at all concentrations tested. In general, the reduction of  L. monocytogenes  on ham at 23 °C was greater than at 4 °C. Added antimicrobials had minor effects on physical properties of the films. The results suggest that the food industry and consumers could use these films as wrappings to control surface contamination by foodborne pathogenic microorganisms.     

食用菌在肉制品中的应用研究进展

健康肉制品更符合当前人们的消费观念。食用菌在功能性多糖、蛋白质和生物活性化合物方面的优势,使其成为改善肉制品营养状况的理想选择。本文综述近几年食用菌作为动物脂肪、动物蛋白质和盐类(食盐、磷酸盐和亚硝酸盐)替代物、风味添加剂和天然抗氧化剂在肉制品中的应用进展,并展望食用菌在肉制品中应用的发展方向,为健康和“清洁标签”等新型肉制品的研发提供支持。     

辐照技术在水产品中的应用研究

辐照技术在水产品应用上具有广阔的前景。本文综述了辐照技术的作用机理,并介绍了辐照在水产品保鲜、有害物质降解、降低致敏性以及鲜活饲料消毒、鱼类育种方面的研究现状。     

辐照技术在肉及肉制品中的应用研究进展

肉及肉制品辐照是一种利用高能电离射线提高安全性和延长货架期的非热杀菌技术,能够有效杀灭腐败微生物,延长肉及肉制品的保质期。以往的研究主要侧重于辐照处理对肉制品的杀菌保鲜效应及效果,以及辐照对肉类蛋白和脂质氧化的影响规律。近几年研究发现,辐照在达到保鲜目的的同时,通过协同其他技术能保持和改善肉类营养成分和品质特性,凸显出了良好的应用前景,特别是中式菜和糜类等预制菜领域。本文综述了食品辐照技术在肉制品保鲜的应用和对品质质构特性的影响,提出了利用抗氧化技术,可食用涂层和气调包装等辅助工艺来保持或提高肉制品原有品质和风味的建议,同时也是往后研究食品辐照科学的一个热点趋势,以期为辐照技术在肉品产业化科学应用提供参考。