22种杀菌剂对芒果蒂腐病菌的毒力测定

采用牛长速率法进行了22种杀菌剂对2株芒果蒂腐病菌的室内毒力测定.研究结果表明:同一杀菌剂对供试2株菌株的毒力无明显差异.通过EC50值和EC75值综合分析,对芒果蒂腐病菌毒力最强的是多菌灵,其EC50、EC75值分别为0.03、0.05 mg/L,其他依次为甲基硫菌灵、咪鲜胺、丙环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐、苯醚甲环唑、氟硅唑、烯唑醇、异菌脲、吡唑醚菌酯、戊唑醇和腈菌唑,这1 2种杀菌剂均可作为防治芒果蒂腐病的首选杀菌剂;另外,百菌清、醚菌酯和代森锰锌的EC50、EC75值均相对较低,也可作为防治芒果蒂腐病的杀菌剂.     

13种杀菌剂对生姜腐霉茎基腐病菌的毒力测定

[目的]通过13种杀菌剂的室内毒力测定,筛选出对生姜茎基腐病有显著抑菌效果的杀菌剂.[结果]供试杀菌剂对生姜腐霉菌——群结腐霉(Pythium myriotylum)菌丝生长的抑制作用存在明显差异,98％(噁)霉灵可湿性粉剂和60％吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散性粒剂对生姜腐霉菌——群结腐霉的菌丝生长有显著抑制效果,其抑制中质量浓度EC50值分别为1.9518、2.8952mg/L.25％啶菌(噁)唑(SYP-Z048)乳油、25％吡唑醚菌酯乳油和20％溴硝醇可湿性粉剂的抑制效果也较好,其EC50值分别为4.2275、4.7926、11.6324mg/L.[结论](噁)霉灵、吡唑醚菌酯·代森联、啶菌(噁)唑抑菌效果显著,可作为防治该病的首选药剂.     

几种杀菌剂对香蕉枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

香蕉枯萎病是世界香蕉产区的重要病害之一，为了更有效的防治此病，我们选用11种药剂对香蕉枯萎病菌进行室内毒力测定，结果表明：18％保冶达乳油抑菌效果最好，EC50为0.13mg／L；15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果最差，EC50为201．40mg/L。     

多种杀菌剂对抗多菌灵的芒果蒂腐病菌菌株的毒力测定

为了有效控制芒果蒂腐病对多菌灵的抗药性,采用生长速率法,对2株抗多菌灵的芒果蒂腐病菌菌株进行了21种杀菌剂的室内毒力测定,以期筛选出对抗多菌灵菌株毒力强的杀菌剂,为防治抗多菌灵的芒果蒂腐病提供理论依据。通过EC50值和EC90值综合分析,在供试的21杀菌剂中,对抗多菌灵的芒果蒂腐病菌菌株毒力强的杀菌剂是异菌脲、丙环唑、戊唑醇,其次为腈菌唑、咪酰胺锰盐、咪酰胺、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑,这9种杀菌剂均可作为防治抗多菌灵的芒果蒂腐病的首选杀菌剂;另外,烯唑醇和百菌清的EC50值和EC90值均相对较低,也可作为防治抗多菌灵芒果蒂腐病的杀菌剂。     

13种杀菌剂对百合枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率测定法和分生孢子萌发抑制率法测定了13种杀菌剂对百合枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌的毒力作用.结果表明烯唑醇、多菌灵、福美双、己唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、(噁)霉灵对菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,其中多菌灵、烯唑醇、(噁)霉灵3种药剂对菌丝生长抑制作用最强.对孢子萌发的抑制作用测定结果表明:多菌灵、(噁)霉灵、福美双、己唑醇、烯唑醇等药剂对百合枯萎病菌孢子萌发具有明显的抑制作用,其中多菌灵、福美双、(噁)霉灵、己唑醇对百合枯萎病菌的分生孢子萌发抑制作用明显强于其他药剂.     

8种杀菌剂对棉花立枯丝核菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌落直径法,分别测定了6大类8种常用杀菌剂对棉花立枯丝核菌的室内毒力。结果表明,8种供试杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌的防治效果均较好,其中三唑类己唑醇的毒力最高,EC50值为0.089 mg/L;异菌脲、咯菌腈、氟硅唑、多菌灵和丙环唑的毒力也较高,EC50为0.1-1.0 mg/L;咪鲜胺和福美双对棉花立枯丝核菌的毒力分别为2.510、2.790 mg/L,仍有较好的作用。     

不同杀菌剂对祁山药炭疽病菌室内毒力及田间药效

[目的]筛选出防治祁山药炭疽病菌的有效化学药剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定11种杀菌剂对祁山药炭疽病菌的抑制作用,并进行了5种药剂对祁山药炭疽病的田间药效试验。[结果]室内毒力测定结果表明:咪鲜胺、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯、丙环唑和苯醚甲环唑这5种杀菌剂对炭疽病菌的抑菌效果好,其EC50值分别为0.0249、0.0378、0.0406、0.3941、1.2812 mg/L。田间试验结果表明咪鲜胺的防治效果最好,防效高达85.13%。[结论]为药剂混配和防治炭疽病提供药剂筛选的理论依据。     

10种药剂对柑橘采后酸腐病菌的室内毒力测定

为了筛选出防治酸腐病菌的有效药剂,为防治柑橘采后酸腐病提供理论依据,采用生长速率法测定了10种化学药剂对酸腐病菌的毒力。结果表明:肟菌酯毒力最强,EC50为0.038 5mg/L;其次是双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐,EC50为0.104 2 mg/L。毒力最弱的是吩胺霉素,EC50为73.112 5 mg/L。肟菌酯、双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐和咪鲜胺效果较好。     

24种杀菌剂及其相关配比对人参根腐病菌的毒力测定及田间防效

[目的]生产上缺乏防治人参根腐病的有效药剂,为有效防治人参根腐病提供理论依据。[方法]采用生长速率法测定了24种杀菌剂及7种药剂的34种配比对人参根腐病菌的毒力,并进行田间防效试验。[结果]8%井冈·32%蜡芽菌WP、50%多菌灵WP抑菌效果较好,其EC90值分别为0.56、6.65 mg/L。具有增效作用的药剂配比有5个,2亿/g木霉菌WG+97.8%多菌灵TC 2∶3配比增效作用最为明显,其共毒系数为822.26。50%多菌灵WP和2亿/g木霉菌WG+97.8%多菌灵TC 2∶3配比在田间表现出较好的防效,防效均在65%以上。[结论]筛选出防治人参根腐病菌的有效药剂及配比,为更有针对性地防治人参根腐病奠定基础。     

内吸性杀菌剂对橡胶白根病菌的室内毒力测定

由木硬孔菌[Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imaz.]引起的白根病是橡胶树(尤其是幼龄期胶树)的重要病害。在室内采用菌丝生长速率法测定了几种内吸性杀菌剂对木硬孔菌的抑菌能力。结果表明,三唑类杀菌剂的EC50值普遍小,且病菌对它们的敏感性也较高,抑菌效果最好,其中以5%烯效唑WP最优;75%十三吗啉EC的EC50值较小,病菌对它的敏感性也较好,抑菌效果较好;80%乙蒜素EC、50%代森锰锌·乙膦铝·烯酰吗啉WP、50%多菌灵WP和70%甲基硫菌灵WP的抑菌效果最差。     

不同杀菌剂对板栗褐缘叶枯病菌的毒力及田间药效

板栗褐缘叶枯病为近些年来新发现的严重危害板栗的病害,采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了9种杀菌剂对板栗褐缘叶枯病菌的毒力,在此基础上进行了田间药效试验.室内毒力测定结果表明:戊唑醇、氟硅唑、烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、代森锰锌、异菌脲、百菌清、甲基硫菌灵的EC50值分别为1.2384、2.2387、4.1926、5.5261、8.2450、91.8217、100.0491、201.5959、219.4009 mg/L;25%戊唑醇EW(500 mg/L)、40%氟硅唑EC(167 mg/L)、45%咪鲜胺EW(333 mg/L)、10%苯醚甲环唑WG(333 mg/L)、70%甲基硫菌灵WP(1250 mg/L)和75%百菌清WP(1250 mg/L)对板栗褐缘叶枯病的田间防治效果分别为90.4%、88.9%、82.2%、77.9%、56.9%和51.6%,其他参试药剂防效较差.     

10种杀菌剂对甘薯黑斑病的毒力及联合毒力

[方法]通过菌丝生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂对引起甘薯黑斑病的甘薯长喙壳菌(Ceratocystis fimbriataEllis and Halsted)的毒力及部分药剂混配的联合毒力。[结果]粉唑醇毒力较高,其EC50值为0.0654 mg/L;其次为氟硅唑,EC50值为0.1508 mg/L;异菌脲、三唑酮、霉灵的EC50值在1~10 mg/L之间,抑菌活性高于甲基硫菌灵。联合毒力的测定结果表明:甲基硫菌灵与百菌清质量比2∶1的配比、甲基硫菌灵与粉唑醇质量比2∶1的配比、百菌清与粉唑醇质量比5∶1的配比增效作用最强。[结论]为筛选防治甘薯黑斑病的杀菌剂提供了毒力测定依据。     

野稷对烟嘧磺隆的抗性水平及抗性机制

[目的]明确辽宁省野稷对烟嘧磺隆的抗性水平及抗药性机制.[方法]采用整株生测法测定不同种群对烟嘧磺隆的抗药性水平及细胞色素P450s活性差异,并通过对野稷ALS序列片段进行扩增测序,研究ALS序列差异.[结果]采自辽宁省阜新市的种群R-3呈高等水平抗药性,GR50值为80.58 g a.i./hm2,抗性指数达22.2...     

Sequence Analysis and Functional Verification of the Effects of Three Key Structural Genes,PdTHC2’GT,PdCHS and PdCHI,on the Isosalipurposide Synthesis Pathway in Paeonia delavayi var. lutea

Isosalipurposide (ISP) is the most important yellow pigment in tree peony. In ISP biosynthesis, CHS catalyzes 1-molecule coumaroyl-CoA and 3-molecule malonyl-CoA to form 2′,4′,6′,4-tetrahyroxychalcone (THC), and THC generates a stable ISP in the vacuole under the action of chalcone2′-glucosyltransferases (THC2′GT). In tree peony, the details of the THC2’GT gene have not yet been reported. In this study, the candidate THC2’GT gene (PdTHC2’GT) in Paeonia delavayi var. lutea was screened. At the same time, we selected the upstream CHS gene (PdCHS) and the competitive CHI gene (PdCHI) to study the biosynthesis pathway of ISP. We successfully cloned three genes and sequenced them; subcellular localization showed that the three genes were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The overexpression of PdTHC2’GT in tobacco caused the accumulation of ISP in tobacco petals, which indicated that PdTHC2’GT was the key structural gene in the synthesis of ISP. After the overexpression of PdCHS and PdCHI in tobacco, the accumulation of anthocyanins in tobacco petals increased to different degrees, showing the role of PdCHS and PdCHI in anthocyanin accumulation. The analysis of NtCHS and NtCHI of transgenic tobacco lines by qRT-PCR showed that the THC2’GT gene could increase the expression of CHS. THC2’GT and CHI were found to be competitive; hence, the overexpression of THC2’GT could lead to a decrease in CHI expression. The CHS gene and CHI gene could increase the expression of each other. In conclusion, we verified the key structural gene PdTHC2’GT and studied the operation of the genes in its upstream and competitive pathway, providing a new perspective for the biosynthesis of ISP and new candidate genes for the directional breeding of tree peony.     

A novel route to α,ω-telechelic poly(-caprolactone) diols, precursors of biodegradable polyurethanes, using catalysis by decamolybdate anion

A new convenient route for the synthesis of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) with α,ω-telechelic diols' end-groups is presented. Synthesis of α,ω-telechelic PCL diols (HOPCLOH) was achieved by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of -caprolactone (CL) catalyzed with ammonium decamolybdate (NH₄)₈[Mo₁₀O₃₄] and using diethylene glycol (DEG) as initiator. Obtained HOPCLOH was characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, GPC and MALDI-TOF. Comparative studies demonstrate that ammonium decamolybdate (NH₄)₈[Mo₁₀O₃₄] is better catalyst than Sn-octanoate (SnOct₂) toward CL polymerization in presence of DEG, under the conditions tested. A biodegradable poly(ester-urethane-urea) derivative was efficiently prepared from synthesized HOPCLOH. Obtained polymer shows minor differences with respect to the properties recorded for a poly(ester-urethane-urea) obtained from commercial HOPCLOH.