耐环境稳定KH570改性SiO2减反膜的制备及性能研究

本文利用溶胶-凝胶法,以硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）为改性剂,正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体,无水乙醇（EtOH）为溶剂,氨水为催化剂制备改性溶胶。并通过浸渍提拉法在BK7玻璃上镀膜,获得透光性优异且耐环境稳定性良好的SiO2减反射薄膜。使用UV-Vis-NIR分光光度计、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角测试仪等对薄膜的性能进行测试。结果表明：当TEOS与 KH570的摩尔比为5: 1时,薄膜样品的透过率最高为99.50%,置于90%RH的湿度环境中60d后,薄膜的透过率基本不变,并表现出良好的耐环境稳定性能。     

溶胶内甲基改性法和表面气相处理法制备的SiO_2减反射薄膜疏水性的比较（英文）

基于溶胶-凝胶过程采用2种方法制备具有疏水性能的SiO_2减反射薄膜。在室温下,以六甲基二硅氮烷作为甲基改性剂制备改性SiO_2溶胶,并以此溶胶提拉镀膜。另外,采用对标准TEOS基溶胶-凝胶SiO_2薄膜进行表面气相硅烷化后处理法,获得了疏水性能、激光损伤阈值均高于普通未经后处理薄膜的SiO_2减反射薄膜。比较研究了2种方法获得的减反膜在真空环境下的稳定性,以及抗激光损伤性能。实验发现,表面气相硅烷化后处理更适合制备具有优异光学性能的疏水减反射薄膜。     

HTMS改性SiO2减反膜的制备和耐环境稳定性研究

本文将正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）做前驱体, 氨水（NH3?H2O）做催化剂制备碱性SiO2溶胶,通过十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HTMS）修饰SiO2颗粒来 “钝化”SiO2颗粒,最终获得HTMS改性SiO2溶胶。然后采用提拉法在BK7玻璃表面制备HTMS改性氧化硅薄膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、UV-Vis-NIR分光光度计、Film Wizard膜系设计软件和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等表征方法对薄膜表面结构、光学性能、耐环境稳定性做了研究。结果表明：经过HTMS改性后的薄膜有高透过率和优异的耐环境稳定性,其透过率在峰值可达～99.8%,在90%RH湿度环境下经过两个月时间后,薄膜的峰值透过率仅仅下降了0.3%,改性后其耐环境稳定性得到较大提高。     

NiO-Al2O3太阳能选择性吸收薄膜的制备与性能研究

以异丙醇铝和硝酸镍为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢表面制备了NiO-Al2O3太阳能选择性吸收薄膜,表征了薄膜的结构和表面形貌,研究了提拉速度、溶胶中NiO的含量、热处理温度对薄膜光谱选择性吸收性能的影响,初步探讨了SiO2减反层对Ni0-Al2O3薄膜选择性吸收性能的影响.结果表明:提拉速度为1 mm/s,NiO质...     

SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜的制备及性能研究

目的 在获得光伏/光热用SiO2减反膜高透过率的同时,提高其抗划伤性能和耐候性。方法 以聚丙烯酸（PAA, Mw~3000）为模板制备具有核壳结构的SiO2,离心水洗去除PAA模板,形成SiO2空心球,接着将空心球分散于无水乙醇中形成溶胶,然后将该溶胶与酸催化溶胶混合,形成复合溶胶,最后经浸渍提拉成膜、烧结后,在载玻片上制得SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜。用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别表征了空心球的微观结构和减反膜的表面形貌,利用紫外-可见分光光度计测试了减反膜的透过率,采用铅笔硬度测试和耐湿热测试（HAST）试验,分别检测了减反膜的抗划伤性能和耐候性。结果 TEM测试结果显示,制备的SiO2空心球结构完整,壁厚均匀。SEM图显示减反膜表面平坦。当SiO2空心球溶胶与酸催化溶胶的用量比例为9∶1时,减反膜透过率的峰值为98.1%,抗划伤硬度为5 H,经HAST试验后,其透过率为初始值的98.1%。结论 用离心水洗法去除PAA模板制备的空心球比烧结去除模板法的空心占比高,与酸催化溶胶混合后制得的SiO2空心球减反膜空隙率高、折射率低,从而其透过率得到提高。同时,减反膜闭孔结构使其表面致密平整,比开孔结构减反膜具有更高的抗划伤性能和耐候性,在户外太阳能光伏/光热玻璃表面减反方面具有重要的应用价值。     

pH值对镁合金表面氧化硅溶胶凝胶成膜及膜层性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)浸渍提拉法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备不同pH值下的SiO2溶胶-凝胶膜层;对膜层耐酸性、耐碱性、抗氧化性及耐蚀性等性能进行测试和表面形貌分析.结果表明,当SiO2溶胶组分比(正硅酸乙酯:无水乙醇:蒸馏水的物质的量之比)为1:15:9.5,浸渍时间为120 s,浸渍次数为1,干燥温度为12...     

TiO_2-SiO_2复合薄膜的常温制备及其性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成具有锐钛矿型TiO2晶粒的TiO2-SiO2复合溶胶,通过浸渍提拉工艺常温制备TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜。考察正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量对薄膜结构及性能的影响。结果表明:随着TEOS用量的增加,溶胶的稳定性降低,薄膜的透光率及光催化活性先增大后减小。在Si:Ti摩尔比为1:8时,复合溶胶与薄膜的综合性能达到最优;与单一TiO2溶胶相比,TiO2-SiO2复合溶胶的平均粒度从44增大到75nm;与单一TiO2薄膜相比,TiO2-SiO2复合薄膜的表面粗糙度增大,对罗丹明B的分解率从46.1%提高到67.0%,对水接触角由16°下降到3°,透光率显著增强。     

高强度有序介孔二氧化硅减反膜的制备及性能

以三嵌段聚合物F127为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,盐酸为催化剂,采用溶胶凝-胶法制备了氧化硅减反膜,采用FTIR、AFM、SEM、TEM、N2吸附-脱附分析仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和纳米力学测试仪等对薄膜成分、形貌、结构和性能进行表征分析。结果表明,该薄膜具有丰富的有序介孔结构,孔隙率达约45%,折射率约1.24,镀膜的玻璃透过率高达约99.9%;同时,薄膜在机械性能测试中表现出优异性能,其硬度和约化杨氏模量分别为3.2GPa和68GPa,且具有较好的耐刮擦性能。     

溶胶-凝胶ZrO_2/SiO_2双层减反膜(英文)

以锆酸丙酯[Zr(OPr)4]、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,用溶胶-凝胶提拉法涂膜,制备了高透过的λ/4-λ/4型ZrO2/SiO2双层减反膜。以锆酸丙酯为前驱体,乙酰丙酮为络合剂,在盐酸的催化条件下,于乙醇溶剂中水解制备ZrO2溶胶。ZrO2溶胶具有很好的稳定性。制备的双层减反膜具有很好的减反效果,在石英玻璃基片二面涂膜,在激光三倍频波长351nm处透过率达到99.41%,在BK-7光学玻璃基片上涂制的双减反层膜在基频波长1053nm处透过率达到99.63%。该减反膜的均方根粗糙度(RMS)为1.038nm。膜层具有较高的激光损伤阈值,在激光波长为1064nm,脉冲宽度为1ns时,ZrO2膜的激光损伤阈值为19.6J/cm2,双层减反膜的激光损伤阈值为16.8J/cm2。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备铝合金陶瓷涂层

采用溶胶-凝胶法在铝合金表面制备无机耐磨陶瓷涂层,考察了不同配比的SiO2溶胶对涂层表面质量、显微硬度以及与基体的界面结合情况的影响,并研究了陶瓷涂层的形成机制。结果表明,当SiO2溶胶的配比中,正硅酸乙酯与水、乙醇的摩尔比为1∶1∶10时,得到的涂层表面平整紧实,显微硬度最高。微观分析发现涂层和基体发生了一定程度的化学反应,涂层中出现了AlN、Al3SiCr、Al0.7Fe3Si0.3等新相,表明界面出现过渡层。溶胶与陶瓷粉体制备的复合涂料,使得涂层能在较低温度下完成烧结,从而在铝合金表面得到致密的陶瓷涂层。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。