植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661 对小鼠肠道菌群及肠道屏障的影响

为探讨植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,将小鼠适应性培养一周后,分别用低（1.6×106CFU/只）、中（1.6×107CFU/只）、高（1.6×108CFU/只）剂量的植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661灌胃,干预14 d。分别检测干预前后小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌的变化情况,并测定组织病理、肠道屏障、肠道通透性、短链脂肪酸相关指标,评价植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661对肠道微生物及肠道屏障的调节作用。结果表明,植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661可增加小鼠肠道双歧杆菌及乳杆菌含量并抑制产气荚膜梭菌的增殖;同时,喂食植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661可明显改变小鼠的肠道通透性、降低肠道中脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）和D-乳酸的含量、增强肠道屏障、提高肠道中短链脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）的含量。综上,植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661能够调节肠道菌群,对肠道屏障具有一定的保护作用。     

缓解铅毒性植物乳杆菌CCFM8661的微生物学 性质及其应用的研究

植物乳杆菌CCFM8661是一株具有缓解铅暴露诱导氧化应激和毒性作用的益生菌。研究了植物乳杆菌CCFM8661的微生物学性质,分析了不同环境因素如温度、pH、食盐等对其的影响,并探究了植物乳杆菌CCFM8661用于发酵乳和发酵豆奶中的应用。结果表明,植物乳杆菌CCFM8661是一株嗜温性细菌,最适生长温度在32℃,最适起始生长pH在6.5。在液体MRS培养基中在32℃条件下,最大活菌浓度为4.8×109cfu/mL。CCFM8661能耐受的最高食盐浓度为8.5%(W/W)。CCFM8661可以作为补充发酵剂用于酸乳制作,对酸乳菌种的生长无抑制作用,同时对酸乳产品的理化指标、感官与质构指标无有害影响。植物乳杆菌CCFM8661在豆乳中生长和产酸良好,可作为发酵剂用于酸豆乳的制作。     

唾液乳杆菌CCFM 1054通过改变肠道菌群缓解空肠弯曲杆菌在小鼠体内的感染

考察了唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)CCFM 1054体外培养产酸及发酵上清液抑制空肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobacter jejuni)生长能力、对人工模拟胃肠液中的耐受、对共培养条件下的抑菌能力、对HT-29细胞的粘附以及自我形成生物膜的能力,并以鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG和植物乳杆菌N49作为对比菌株,分别干预空肠弯曲杆菌和弓形虫复合感染的小鼠。结果显示,CCFM 1054能显著改变小鼠肠道菌群的组成,降低空肠弯曲杆菌在小鼠体内的定植率并缓解其感染。肠道菌群变化和乳酸菌拮抗空肠弯曲杆菌相关的体内外特性的相关性分析表明,CCFM 1054对细胞的高粘附性及其较强的生物膜形成能力使得其能在小鼠体内显著改变肠道菌群丰度。     

复合乳酸菌改善小鼠肠道菌群功能的研究

作者探讨了包含动物双歧杆菌乳亚种XLTG11、植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661、副干酪乳酪杆菌Glory LP16和鼠李糖乳酪杆菌Glory LG12的复合乳酸菌粉对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。将48只BALB/c小鼠适应性喂养7 d后,随机分成阴性对照组、复合乳酸菌低剂量组、复合乳酸菌中剂量组、复合乳酸菌高剂量组,其中阴性对照组小鼠灌胃等体积的生理盐水,受试组每只分别灌胃5×10⁶、5×10⁷、5×10⁸CFU的复合乳酸菌粉。灌胃14 d后,测定小鼠体质量、肠道菌群结构、组织病理变化、肠道屏障功能、肠道通透性和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比,复合乳酸菌喂养可以显著提高小鼠体质量;粪便中乳杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌的数量显著增加,产气荚膜梭菌的数量显著下降;SCFAs的浓度明显提高,并伴随着LPS和D-乳糖的显著下降。总体来说,复合乳酸菌粉对调节小鼠肠道菌群具有显著改善作用。     

三株植物乳杆菌对代谢综合征大鼠肠道菌群的影响

分析3株不同来源的植物乳杆菌对高糖高脂饮食导致的代谢综合征大鼠肠道菌群的影响。给高糖高脂饮食的大鼠连续灌胃12周,3株不同来源的植物乳杆菌,以市售鼠李糖GG株作为对照,收集大鼠粪便;采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术分析菌群的多样性及物种组成。α-多样性分析发现,植物乳杆菌CCFM591可显著提高大鼠肠道的物种丰度及多样性; PCo A分析表明,高糖高脂饮食显著改变了大鼠的菌群结构,灌胃植物乳杆菌可一定程度地改善菌群紊乱;进一步分析菌群的组成,发现灌胃CCFM591显著降低了由高脂饮食导致的Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes和Proteobacteria/Bacteroidetes的高比值;属水平分析显示,植物乳杆菌灌胃显著提高了大鼠肠道中Lactabacillus的相对丰度,同时降低了Blautia、Coprococcus、Roseburia和[Ruminococcus]的相对丰度。植物乳杆菌CCFM591在高糖高脂饮食导致的大鼠肠道菌群的失调方面表现出较强的调节能力。     

缓解铅毒性植物乳杆菌CCFM8661的微生物学性质及其应用的研究

目的研究植物乳杆菌CCFM8661的微生物学性质和应用性质。方法分析不同环境因素如温度、pH、食盐等对其的影响,并探究植物乳杆菌CCFM8661用于发酵乳和发酵豆奶中的应用。结果植物乳杆菌CCFM8661是一株嗜温性细菌,最适生长温度在32℃,最适起始生长pH在6.5。在液体MRS培养基中在32℃条件下,最大活菌浓度为4.8×109 cfu/mL。CCFM8661能耐受的最高食盐浓度为8.5%(w/w)。CCFM8661可以作为补充发酵剂用于酸乳制作,对酸乳菌种的生长无抑制作用,同时对酸乳产品的理化指标、感官与质构指标无有害影响。结论植物乳杆菌CCFM8661在豆乳中生长和产酸良好,可作为发酵剂用于酸豆乳的制作。     

植物乳杆菌P9对头孢曲松钠作用小鼠肠道菌群的影响

为了探究植物乳杆菌P9对抗生素致肠道菌群失调小鼠肠道菌群的影响,建立小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,再灌胃不同剂量植物乳杆菌P9菌粉,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中炎症细胞因子水平,可见分光光度法测定肝脏和小肠组织中抗氧化指标,菌群计数和16S rDNA高通量测序探究小鼠肠道菌群的变化。结果显示,植物乳杆菌P9能够降低小鼠因抗生素造成的炎症反应,提高脏器氧化应激水平。菌群计数结果显示植物乳杆菌P9能够增加抗生素导致的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的减少。16S r DNA测序结果显示,抗生素使小鼠肠道对抗生素耐药细菌丰度增加,而植物乳杆菌P9则降低耐药细菌丰度,植物乳杆菌P9具有调节小鼠肠道菌群的作用。     

乳酸菌细菌素对小鼠肠道菌群结构及代谢产物的影响

采用牛津杯双层平板法筛选得到2株具有抑菌能力的乳酸菌——乳酸片球菌CCFM 28和格氏乳杆菌JCM 11657。排除有机酸作用后,发酵上清液经过氧化氢酶与蛋白酶处理后仍具有抑菌能力,表明这2株菌的抑菌物质主要为细菌素,且实验结果表明CCFM 28的抑菌谱较JCM 11657更广泛。通过测定代时以及耐酸耐胆盐能力,从多株不产细菌素的乳酸片球菌和格氏乳杆菌中获得与CCFM 28和JCM 11657生物学性质最为接近的乳酸片球菌ZT-45与格氏乳杆菌JS-SZ-1-5。以5周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠作为实验对象,研究2对产与不产细菌素的乳酸菌对宿主肠道菌群结构及代谢产物的影响。实验结果表明,乳酸菌是否产细菌素、所产细菌素的种类和/或抑菌谱的大小均可能会影响小鼠肠道菌群结构,但不影响短链脂肪酸含量的变化。     

2株具有优良体外抗氧化能力乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

已有研究表明乳酸菌可能具有缓解不同因素导致氧化应激的潜力.本研究利用体外过氧化氢氧化胁迫模型筛选出一些具有显著体外抗氧化能力的乳酸菌,以还原活性高低、抑制脂质过氧化能力、DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力、亚铁离子和铜离子螯合性能等体外抗氧化能力评价指标评价了乳酸菌分离物的体外抗氧化性能,并最终确定了2株具有优良体外抗氧化能力的乳酸菌CCFM8661和CCFM1566.结果表明,CCFM8661和CCFM1566还原力分别达到(226.47±4.68)、(212.35±6.45) μmol/L半胱氨酸当量;对脂质过氧化的IC50值分别达到8.1、8.3 Log10(CFU/mL);对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率均在60％以上,并具有较高的亚铁离子及铜离子螯合能力.经生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA分子鉴定,该2株菌为植物乳杆菌CCFM8661和干酪乳杆菌CCFM1566.     

表达鼠源β-防御素14的植物乳植杆菌减轻小鼠急性结肠炎

抗菌肽β-防御素除抗菌活性以外,还具有免疫调节功能,在维持肠道稳态中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在探讨鼠源β-防御素14（mouse β-defensin 14,mBD14）在炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）中的作用。本实验采用植物乳植杆菌为载体,利用基因工程技术实现mBD14在小鼠肠道中的靶向递送,同时评估其对葡聚糖硫酸钠盐（dextran sulfate sodium,DSS）诱发的小鼠结肠炎的调控作用。结果显示,表达mBD14的植物乳植杆菌能够缓解小鼠急性结肠炎症状。基于表观指标的明显变化,进一步探究表达mBD14的植物乳植杆菌在结肠炎中的作用机制,发现该菌株可调节肠道菌群,进而缓解上皮损伤,维持肠道屏障,同时抑制结肠内促炎因子的分泌,并阻断NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3炎症小体以及下游炎症通路的激活。综上所述,表达mBD14的植物乳植杆菌可通过维持肠道稳态来减轻DSS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎,本研究可为通过益生菌和抗菌肽防治IBD提供新思路。     

Positive effect of Limosilactobacillus plantarum grx16 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

We aimed to investigate the potential and mechanism of probiotics as digestive enzyme inhibitors to alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We compared the level of NAFLD in rats before and after Limosilactobacillus plantarum grx16 intervention, as well as changes in gut digestive enzymes and inflammatory factors. L. plantarum grx16 inhibited the absorption of starch and triglycerides by inhibiting the activity of gut amylase and lipase to alleviate insulin resistance and reduce lipid accumulation in the body, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response, and thus alleviating NAFLD in rats.     

Pediocin PA-1 and a pediocin producing Lactobacillus plantarum strain do not change the HMA rat microbiota

The bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 has potential use as a food biopreservative, and understanding its effect on the commensal gut microbiota is important for assessment of consumer risks associated with the use of biopreservative cultures. Effects of ingested (i) pediocin PA-1 producing Lactobacillus plantarum DDEN 11007, (ii) the plasmid cured pediocin negative L. plantarum DDEN 12305, or (iii) supernatants of either of these two strains on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Human Microbiota Associated (HMA) rats were examined by selective cultivation and molecular methods. The culturable microbiota was in all treatments dominated by lactic acid bacteria and coliforms and no changes in the rat commensal microbiota were detected after ingestion of either of the two L. plantarum strains as determined by both culturable methods and molecular methods (DGGE). Both strains were detected in the faeces after ingestion. Pediocin PA-1 did not mediate changes of the rat microbiota, and a biological assay indicated that the bacteriocin was degraded or inactivated during passage through the intestine.     

枸杞多糖体外调节人体肠道菌群的功能研究

为研究枸杞多糖(LBP)对人体肠道菌群结构和代谢产物的影响,对6名健康人的粪便提取物进行单独样本与混合样本的体外模拟厌氧发酵,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术对发酵后肠道菌群进行结构和功能分析,并利用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)检测发酵液中的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)浓度。结果表明,LBP能够明显改变人体肠道菌群结构与功能,提高肠道菌群中益生菌乳酸杆菌属与双歧杆菌属的丰度,并促进了SCFAs的产生。因此,LBP能够显著影响人体肠道菌群结构与功能。     

藤茶多酚对小鼠衰老过程中骨质代谢及肠道菌群的影响

肠道菌群对于宿主健康起着至关重要的作用,与衰老过程中骨质代谢紊乱息息相关。作者旨在研究以长寿特性而闻名的巴马藤茶对小鼠衰老进程中骨质代谢的影响,以评估藤茶多酚改善衰老小鼠肠道菌群结构的潜力。结果表明,藤茶多酚可以上调小鼠肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽和总抗氧化力水平,下调丙二醛水平。同时,藤茶多酚能够通过改善小鼠衰老过程中的骨质代谢,上调Osterix基因的表达,降低Acp5的表达,从而促进骨形成、减少骨吸收。此外,藤茶多酚可以调节衰老小鼠的肠道菌群组成,促进粪便中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的产生。总之,藤茶多酚可以作为一种益生元,减少衰老过程中的骨质流失并调节肠道菌群,从而达到延缓衰老的目的。     

Influence of Intestinal Microbiota on the Catabolism of Flavonoids in Mice

Although in vitro studies have shown that flavonoids are metabolized into phenolic acids by the gut microbiota, the biotransformation of flavonoids by intestinal microbiota is seldom studied in vivo. In this study, we investigated the impact of the gut microbiota on the biotransformation of 3 subclasses of flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, and flavanones). The ability of intestinal microbiota to convert flavonoids was confirmed with an in vitro fermentation model using mouse gut microflora. Simultaneously, purified flavonoids were administered to control and antibiotic‐treated mice by gavage, and the metabolism of these flavonoids was evaluated. p‐Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, protocatechuic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, hydrocaffeic acid, coumaric acid, and 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid were detected in the serum samples from the control mice after flavonoid consumption. The serum flavonoid concentrations were similar in both groups, whereas the phenolic metabolite concentrations were lower in the antibiotic‐treated mice than in the control mice. We detected markedly higher flavonoids excretion in the feces and urine of the antibiotic‐treated mice compared to the controls. Moreover, phenolic metabolites were upregulated in the control mice. These results suggest that the intestinal microbiota are not necessary for the absorption of flavonoids, but are required for their transformation.     

乳酸菌发酵香菇对肠道菌群的调节作用及其产品研制

将香菇经乳酸菌发酵后,通过小鼠灌胃实验和16S rRNA高通量测序,研究其对肠道菌群结构和多样性的影响,并研制调味即食产品。结果表明,中等剂量（10 g/kg,以小鼠质量计）的发酵香菇改变了小鼠肠道菌群的物种多样性,其特有物种和稀有物种数量增加,且个体差异减小,物种分布更均匀。发酵香菇可不同程度地增加小鼠肠道内有益菌群,如Muribaculaceae、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、Dubosiella、Lachnospiraceae等的定殖,降低螺杆菌属（Helicobacter）、支原体（Mycoplasma）等致病菌的相对丰度,从而改善肠道健康。通过单因素和响应面优化实验,获得乳酸菌发酵香菇调味即食产品的最佳配方为：发酵香菇块81.5%、甜面酱1.0%、豆瓣酱1.5%、白砂糖6.0%、藤椒油3.0%、芝麻2.0%、辣椒油4.0%、姜汁1.0%（均为质量分数）。为乳酸菌发酵技术在香菇深加工中的应用提供了有益参考。     

Antioxidant activity of prebiotic ginseng polysaccharides combined with potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum C88

The potential prebiotic properties of Panax ginseng polysaccharides were studied using ten strains of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from traditional Chinese fermented foods. These probiotics showed different growth characteristics depending on the extract and strain specificity. L. plantarum C88 showed higher cell densities and growth rate when cultured on P. ginseng polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant assay, P. ginseng polysaccharides combined with L. plantarum C88 were found to possess significant DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities, and acidic polysaccharides showed better antioxidant activity than neutral polysaccharides. Furthermore, we evaluated the antioxidant effect of acidic P. ginseng polysaccharide combined with L. plantarum C88 strain in natural ageing mice in vivo. Acidic P. ginseng polysaccharide and L. plantarum C88 together inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacities (T‐AOC) in a dose‐dependent manner.     

Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial translocation and liver injury in an acute liver injury model

Septic complications represent frequent causes of morbidity in liver diseases and following hepatic operations. Most infections are caused by the individual own intestinal microflora. The intestinal microflora composition is important in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human gastrointestinal tract, but their influence on liver in different situations is unclear. We therefore studied the effect of different Lactobacillus strains and a Bifidobacterium strain on the extent of liver injury, bacterial translocation and intestinal microflora in an acute liver injury model.Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: acute liver injury control, acute liver injury+B. animalis NM2, acute liver injury+L. acidophilus NM1, acute liver injury+L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and acute liver injury+L. rhamnosus DSM 6594 and L. plantarum DSM 9843. The bacteria were administered rectally daily for 8 days. Liver injury was induced on the 8th day by intraperitoneal injection of -galactosamine (1.1 g/kg BW). Samples were collected 24 h after the liver injury. Liver enzymes and bilirubin serum levels, bacterial translocation (to arterial and portal blood, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs)), and intestinal microflora were evaluated.L. acidophilus NM1; L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and L. rhamnosus DSM 6594+L. plantarum DSM 9843 decreased bacterial translocation compared to the liver injury control group. B. animalis NM2 increased bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were significantly lower in the L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, L. rhamnosus DSM 6594+L. plantarum DSM 9843 groups compared to the liver injury group. The L. rhamnosus and L. rhamnosus+L. plantarum groups significantly reduced ALAT levels compared to the B. animalis group. All administered bacteria decreased the Enterobacteriaceae count in the cecum and colon.Administration of different lactobacilli and a Bifidobacterium strain in an acute liver injury rat model, has shown different effects on bacterial translocation and hepatocellular damage. L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and L. rhamnosus+L. plantarum reduced bacterial translocation and hepatocellular damage. B. animalis NM2 increased bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes and did not affect hepatocellular damage.     

Lactobacillus plantarum BC299 can alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by regulating immune response and modulating gut microbiota

It is well known that probiotics are effective in relieving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, their exact mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the effect of novel Lactobacillus plantarum BC299 on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis model mice and investigated the molecular mechanism. We found BC299 could regulate immune response and reduce immunosuppression by enhancing the expression of Th1 T cells in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive model mice. Meanwhile, DSS-induced colitis model mice were furtherly constructed. The results displayed BC299 can restore bodyweight and relieve colon morphology of colitis mice. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated BC299 can regulate immune response by reducing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and increasing the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA. Moreover, BC299 administration reshaped and increased the diversity of gut microbiota in IBD mice. Therefore, BC299 can alleviate colitis by regulating immune response and modulating gut microbiota.