太赫兹无线电引信地杂波自适应抑制算法

太赫兹无线电引信对地面慢速目标探测时,由于地面强散射点分布的随机性和强方向性导致地杂波谱起伏剧烈。而平台的高速运动又使得杂波谱偏移和展宽严重,这给地面目标检测带来极大困难。针对上述问题提出了一种自适应高斯频域对消滤波方法,即通过精确估计杂波谱中心及谱宽,建立相应的高斯型杂波模型,然后利用回波频域信号与此杂波模型对消处理。通过理论分析和计算机仿真得出,该算法相比其他算法输出信杂比至少提高2.1dB。这表明该方法是有效的,不仅能够有效地抑制地物杂波,而且对信杂比有良好的改善。     

采用改进型时频滤波的海杂波抑制方法

海洋环境下，海杂波具有明显的非平稳、非高斯特性，海杂波谱中心频率不固定、谱宽较宽，严重影响了雷达对海面目标的检测。传统的频域滤波器难以对复杂多变的海杂波进行有效抑制。本文通过分析海杂波的时频谱频率变化特征，定量计算各距离单元时频谱的中心频率平滑度，提出了采用基于时频谱能量分布的改进型时频滤波方法进行海杂波抑制。通过实测海杂波数据对杂波抑制效果进行分析，验证了该算法能够有效滤除海杂波信号和保护低速目标信号能量，提高目标信杂噪比，对提升雷达检测能力具有重要的作用。      

基于高斯短时分数阶Fourier变换 的海面微动目标检测方法

海上目标随海面颠簸导致姿态变化,引起回波功率调制效应,导致回波多普勒体现时变和非平稳特性.为此,本文将微多普勒理论应用于海杂波中弱目标检测,提出一种基于高斯短时分数阶Fourier变换(GSTFRFT)的海面微动目标检测方法.首先,建立海面目标的平动和三维转动回波模型;然后,基于海尖峰判别方法对回波信号进行数据筛选,改善信杂比,并采用GSTFRFT对微动信号进行增强处理,利用海面目标与海杂波的微动特征差异设计恒虚警检测方法;最后,通过GSTFRFT域滤波,提取信号的微动特征并得到瞬时频率.实测雷达数据仿真结果验证了算法的有效性,具有在强海杂波中检测微弱目标的能力.     

小孔径天波超视距雷达多径模糊污染消除及海杂波抑制

由于电离层的结构分层性及厚度的不均匀,在超视距探测中会出现多径模糊的现象,使同一个目标出现在多个距离单元上,造成目标识别的不准确。针对传统天波超视距雷达( OTHR)接收阵列不具备俯仰分辨能力的不足,利用小孔径OTHR在俯仰方向的分辨能力,将几何估计结果与测向结果相结合,在俯仰方向自适应波束形成,消除了多径模糊带来的影响。同时改进了基于奇异值分解( SVD)的海杂波抑制算法抑制海杂波,提高了目标信杂比以便于后续检测。仿真实验结果显示所提方法能够很好地消除多径模糊带来的影响,同时抑制了海杂波,信杂比提高了9 dB。     

在海域红外杂波背景中小目标探测的空间匹配滤波技术

利用空间匹配滤波技术，针对海域复杂的红外杂波背景进行了小目标探测。由计算机模拟获得了滤波器设计参数，结果表明滤波后信杂比增益有显著提高，虚警率随之下降，滤波算法硬件易于实现，证明这是一种抑制红外背景杂波的有效技术。     

海杂波背景下漂浮小目标检测新算法

针对海杂波背景下漂浮小目标检测问题,提出一种海杂波背景下漂浮小目标检测新算法.利用互补自适应噪声集合经验模式分解-鲁棒性独立主成分分析与Savitzky-Golay滤波算法(EEMDCAN-Robust ICA&SG)联合去噪算法处理海面回波信号,对重构信号用改进蝙蝠算法优化KELM模型做混沌预测.实验结果表明:新算法在不破坏海杂波混沌特性的前提下,极大地抑制了海杂波.在同等条件下,与传统混沌预测算法相比,训练时间短、预测精度高.新算法的检测性能稳定,低信杂比下的检测性能显著优于传统算法,证明新算法能快速实现对漂浮小目标的有效检测.     

基于FRFT移位对消的海面运动目标检测

文中提出了一种基于FRFT移位对消法的海面运动目标检测方法,利用回波信号的FRFT模值与移位后的FRFT模值相减构造检测统计量,对消部分杂波,在低信杂比条件下此方法仍然能检测到信号,相比于基于FRFT的检测来说性能提高了。通过对实测海杂波的仿真证实了此方法的有效性,此方法简单,计算量小,易于工程实现。     

基于鲁棒主成分分析的混沌穿墙成像雷达杂波抑制方法

针对混沌穿墙成像雷达的杂波抑制问题,提出一种基于鲁棒主成分分析的杂波抑制方法。该方法首先通过互相关计算得到原始数据,并利用后向投影法聚焦目标能量,提高数据的稀疏性,然后利用鲁棒主成分分析法对聚焦后的数据进行低秩稀疏矩阵分解,从而抑制杂波。实验结果表明,该方法得到的图像信杂比高达20.69 dB,能有效去除杂波干扰,并实现人体目标的精确定位。与传统方法相比,该方法能大幅度提高图像的信杂比,改善成像质量。     

基于频域延时FRFT模函数对消的检测方法

在分析线性调频信号分数阶Fourier变换的频移特性的基础上,提出了一种基于频域延时FR-FT模函数对消的海面弱运动目标检测方法。此方法在基本不减弱信号的情况下有效地抑制了海杂波,在低信杂比条件下有较好的检测性能。利用IPIX实测数据仿真实验表明,所提方法在改善信杂比以及提高检测概率等方面都明显优于仅对回波作FRFT变换。文中给出的检测概率曲线表明该方法在低信杂比条件下具有较高的检测概率,证实了方法的有效性。     

天波雷达电离层污染校正与海杂波抑制

在天波超视距雷达（OTHR）中,舰船目标的多普勒频率与海杂波谱接近,电离层污染会导致海杂波频谱展宽,从而淹没邻近的舰船目标信号。考虑到电离层污染会导致OTHR回波信号的相位缓慢变化,提出了采用相位梯度法对回波信号进行电离层污染校正;利用污染校正后的海杂波可以近似为两个单频信号之和这一特点,提出了应用奇异值分解来实现对海杂波的抑制。仿真结果表明,文中算法可以有效地校正电离层污染,抑制海杂波,显著提高信杂比,从而有效解决强海杂波对舰船目标的遮蔽问题。与现有的HRR—SVD算法相比,文中算法可以适用于相干积累时间较长和电离层污染较大的情况,防止残留的海杂波形成虚警,提高了OTHR对海杂波附近舰船目标的检测能力。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.