玄武岩纤维与粉煤灰改性高强混凝土力学性能研究

将纤维材料加入混凝土中可以有效提高混凝土的使用性能和服务年限.基于此,制备了不同玄武岩纤维体积掺量的粉煤灰改性高强混凝土试件,分别测试了玄武岩纤维高强混凝土的坍落度、扩展度以及标准养护7 d、15 d和28 d后的收缩率、抗压强度、抗拉强度以及抗折强度,分析了玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土坍落度、扩展度、收缩率、抗压强度、抗拉强度以及抗折强度的影响规律.结果表明:随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增大,粉煤灰改性高强混凝土的坍落度和扩展度呈线性减小,收缩率逐渐减小;抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度逐渐增大,抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗折强度的增大速率分别在玄武岩纤维掺量为0.8％、1.2％和1.2％时出现拐点,性价比最高的玄武岩纤维掺量为0.8％～1.2％.     

偏高岭土和粉煤灰对碱-矿渣复合胶凝材料的凝结时间及早期力学性能的影响

研究了水胶比为0.4,水玻璃模数为1.4及Na2O含量为10％(质量分数)时,单掺偏高岭土与复掺偏高岭土和粉煤灰对碱-矿渣复合胶凝材料的凝结时间和早期力学性能的影响.结果 表明,两种复合方式对碱-矿渣复合胶凝材料均有缓凝作用,但复掺时的缓凝效果更明显.单掺时,碱-矿渣复合胶凝材料的早期抗折、抗压强度和折压比基本不随偏高岭土掺量的变化而变化,但其28 d粘接强度随偏高岭土掺量的增加而增大.复掺时,碱-矿渣复合胶凝材料早期抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而减小;与单掺时相比,该复合胶凝材料72 h抗折强度和折压比分别提高了40％和64％.除此之外,复掺时该复合胶凝材料28 d粘接强度比单掺时提高了45％,但粉煤灰掺量的影响较小.     

玄武岩纤维风积沙混凝土力学性能研究

为研究玄武岩纤维对风积沙混凝土力学性能的影响,试验选定风积沙掺量20％,玄武岩纤维掺量为0.0 kg/m3、1.0 kg/m3、1.5 kg/m3、2.0 kg/m3、2.5 kg/m3的情况下配制混凝土.研究玄武岩纤维风积沙混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉以及抗折强度的变化规律,最后通过电镜扫描(SEM)分析玄武岩纤维的作用机理.结果 表明:纤维掺量在1.5 kg/m3以内,随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,玄武岩纤维风积沙混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉及抗折强度均增加,当掺量超过1.5 kg/m3时,混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉以及抗折强度开始下降.玄武岩纤维在风积沙混凝土中最佳掺量为1.5 kg/m3.玄武岩纤维对风积沙混凝土28 d抗压强度的提高更为显著,最大提高17％.相对于抗压强度而言,玄武岩纤维对风积沙混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的影响更大,抗拉强度最大提高26％.对抗折强度的影响呈现出玄武岩纤维早期(7 d)发挥重要作用,最大提高38％.微观结果表明:玄武岩纤维可以传输荷载,让应力分布更加均匀,抑制裂缝生成、发展,改变裂缝的走向.适量玄武岩纤维掺入可以提高风积沙混凝土的力学性能.     

基于正交理论的玄武岩纤维活性粉末混凝土配合比设计

通过正交试验进行活性粉末混凝土(Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC)的配合比设计,选取水胶比、砂胶比、水泥/粉煤灰、减水剂、玄武岩纤维掺量为因素,设定相应的水平.运用极差法分析了上述因素和相应水平对RPC拌合物工作性及其力学性能的影响.结果表明,在标准养护条件下,当水胶比为0.2、粉煤灰取代水泥量为30％、减水剂为胶凝材料的2％、玄武岩纤维掺量为5 kg/m3时,可以配制出28 d抗压强度、抗折强度分别超过95.1 MPa、13.4 MPa的高强度活性粉末混凝土.     

玄武岩纤维纳米SiO_2增强混凝土力学性能试验研究

以玄武岩纤维体积掺量和纳米SiO_2取代率为考虑因素,通过立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度试验,研究了玄武岩纤维与纳米SiO_2增强混凝土的力学性能。研究发现:玄武岩纤维的掺入改变了纳米SiO_2混凝土的破坏形式;复合掺入玄武岩纤维与纳米SiO_2时,混凝土基体的立方体抗压强度、劈拉强度与抗折强度均有一定的提高。纤维体积掺量为0.10%的玄武岩纤维与取代率为1.0%的纳米SiO_2共同掺入时,玄武岩纤维纳米SiO_2混凝土的立方体抗压强度与抗折强度增强效果最优;当玄武岩纤维体积掺量为0.15%、纳米SiO_2取代率为1.5%时,玄武岩纤维纳米SiO_2混凝土的劈拉强度增强效果最优,较素混凝土提高了22.97%,基于试验数据建立了玄武岩纤维掺量纳米SiO_2增强混凝土的立方体抗压强度预测模型。     

玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响

研究了掺入0．05％～0．35％的玄武岩纤维对混凝土的抗压强度,劈裂抗拉强度以及弯曲性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜对纤维在混凝土中的微观作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,当纤维的掺量在0．3％以内时,混凝土3 d、7 d、28 d的抗压、抗拉强度都有不同程度的提高,当掺量超过0．3％时,混凝土28 d的抗压、抗拉强度开始下降,且掺量越大,强度下降的也越多;弯曲试验结果表明,掺入0．05％～0．25％的玄武岩纤维后,混凝土的抗折强度平均提高7．96％,掺量为0．2％时,抗折强度提高17．0％,且掺入玄武岩纤维后,混凝土的应力-应变曲线有了明显的屈服点,混凝土的极限拉伸值增大,弹性模量降低,刚度减小,延性与柔性增加,混凝土的抗裂性增加,使用寿命延长。     

短切玄武岩纤维对矿渣粉煤灰混凝土力学性能和微观结构的影响

以聚丙烯纤维为参照,研究了不同长度(12 mm、18 mm)和体积掺量(0.50％、0.10％、0.20％和0.30％)的短切玄武岩纤维对矿渣粉煤灰混凝土工作性能、抗压强度、劈裂抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和压汞法(MIP)对纤维混凝土的微观形貌和孔结构进行了分析.结果表明:掺入玄武岩纤维可以显著提高矿渣粉煤灰混凝土的抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度,但对抗压强度的改善并不明显,且以长度为18 mm的玄武岩纤维,体积掺量为0.20％时,对混凝土的抗压、抗折和劈裂抗拉强度的增强效果最为显著.SEM和MIP分析结果显示:一定掺量范围内,玄武岩纤维与基体界面黏结性能良好,能够有效抑制裂纹扩展,且玄武岩纤维的掺入能够降低混凝土中有害孔的比例,改善孔结构.     

不同激发剂对钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能影响的研究

通过往钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料中掺加不同掺量的减水剂、硫酸钠和水泥,研究不同激发剂不同掺量对其力学性能的影响及影响机理,并确定各激发剂的不同掺量,以达到提高力学性能的目的。分析研究表明,当减水剂掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为1.48MPa和5.75MPa;当硫酸钠掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为2.54MPa和9.61MPa;当水泥掺量为10%时力学性能较好,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为,6.31MPa和18.75MPa。     

掺玄武岩纤维高强高钛重矿渣混凝土力学性能试验与分析

通过不同体积掺量玄武岩纤维(0.2%、0.4%和0.6%)的掺玄武岩纤维高强高钛重矿渣混凝土和普通高钛重矿渣的抗压、劈裂抗拉和抗折来分析玄武岩纤维的不同体积掺量对掺玄武岩纤维高强高钛重矿渣混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明,玄武岩纤维可显著改善试件劈裂抗拉性能和抗折性能,对抗压性能影响不大。抗压强度和抗折强度随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,纤维掺量为0.4%时达到最大值,28d强度较基准混凝土分别增长了14.26%和28.89%,而劈裂抗拉强度随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加而持续增加,纤维掺量为0.6%时,28d强度较基准混凝土增长了39.24%。该种纤维混凝土可解决混凝土开裂的施工问题。     

活化煤矸石与粉煤灰制备复合水泥的正交实验研究

利用正交实验分析了活化煤矸石与粉煤灰制备复合水泥的力学性能,对双掺活化煤矸石与粉煤灰超叠复合效应进行了探讨。结果表明,对28天抗折抗压强度影响显著的因素依次为活化煤矸石与粉煤灰的总掺量、碱激发剂、活化煤矸石与粉煤灰的配合比、石膏掺量,其中总掺量为30％,活化煤矸石：粉煤灰=7：3,石膏掺量为7％时,其功效系数最高,当活化煤矸石与粉煤灰的总掺量为30％时。对3d、28d抗折抗压强度活化煤矸石与粉煤灰有一个最佳的配合比。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.