掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土耐久性影响的研究

研究了掺合料复掺(矿渣∶粉煤灰=2∶1)、单掺矿渣、单掺粉煤灰对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土强度、抗渗性、抗冻性的影响,并与相同水灰比下掺合料复掺对普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土对应性能的影响进行对比。结果表明:在硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土中,掺合料的加入使混凝土的早期和后期强度都明显降低,抗渗性稍微降低,抗冻性明显降低,且掺量越高,其强度、抗渗性、抗冻性降低越明显;但复掺时的效果比单掺时的效果好,粉煤灰的效果最差;而在普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土中,掺合料的加入使混凝土的早期强度降低,但后期强度超过空白样的强度,抗渗性、抗冻性明显提高,但是,在无掺合料时其抗渗性、抗冻性大大低于相同水灰比下硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土的抗渗性、抗冻性。     

掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土抗压强度和抗渗性的影响

主要研究了掺合料[m(矿渣):m(粉煤灰)=2:1]、水灰比对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性的影响,并与普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土进行对比。结果表明掺合料使硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土早期和后期强度都明显降低,抗渗性降低,且掺量越高,其抗压强度、抗渗性降低越明显;另外,硫铝酸盐水泥基、普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土的抗压强度、抗渗性都随着水灰比的减小,其抗压强度、抗渗性明显提高。     

碱粉煤灰矿渣混凝土的抗渗性能实验研究

抗渗性是混凝土重要的耐久性指标之一.通过对比研究了不同固态分散相组成的碱粉煤灰矿渣混凝土的抗渗性能,并结合X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶转变红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、压汞法(MIP)对碱粉煤灰矿渣水泥石的物相组成和微观结构进行分析.结果表明:碱矿渣混凝土水化产物主要为低Ca/Si比的(I)C-S-H凝胶,体系中随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,水化产物逐渐向聚合度更高的C(N)-A-S-H凝胶结构转变;当粉煤灰掺量不超过30％,粉煤灰能够优化碱粉煤灰矿渣体系孔隙结构,提高碱粉煤灰矿渣混凝土的抗渗性;当粉煤灰掺量大于30％,粉煤灰较低的活性导致水泥石水化产物数量减少,水泥石大孔数量和总孔隙量增大,相应混凝土抗渗性能呈明显下降趋势.     

磷酸镁水泥混凝土耐久性试验研究

系统研究了磷酸镁水泥混凝土的干缩、耐水、抗渗和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,磷酸镁水泥经复配10％普通硅酸盐水泥、10％粉煤灰、5％生石膏、0.3％多聚磷酸钠后,砂浆干缩率大幅降低,混凝土干缩率早期高、后期低.磷酸镁水泥混凝土耐水性较差,掺入硅溶胶或HEA防水剂可显著改善其耐水性,同时可显著提高其抗渗性,由于孔隙率降低和孔隙结构得到显著改善,硅溶胶改善抗渗性的效果更佳.氯盐与硫酸盐腐蚀试验结果表明,磷酸镁水泥混凝土具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

中热水泥混凝土和低热矿渣水泥混凝土性能比较

中热硅酸盐水泥和低热矿渣水泥在大体积混凝土中应用较为普遍，在大体积混凝土中通常还掺加引气剂，减水剂和粉煤灰，以提高混凝土的耐久性。粉煤灰掺量对中热硅酸盐水泥混凝土和低热矿渣水泥混凝土有较大的影响。掺有粉煤灰的中热硅酸盐水泥混凝土和低热矿渣水泥混凝土在抗压强度，极限拉伸性能，抗冻性能，抗渗性能等有各自不同的特点。     

碱矿渣泡沫混凝土性能研究

以碱矿渣水泥为胶凝材料、采用压缩空气发泡方式制备出一种新型泡沫混凝土,并对该泡沫混凝土基本性能进行了研究.结果表明:当密度在250 ～ 600 kg/m3,碱矿渣水泥泡沫混凝土导热系数在0.070 ～0.139 W/(m·K),龄期为28 d时抗压强度在0.6～3.5 MPa.与普通水泥制备的泡沫混凝土相比,碱矿渣泡沫混凝土具有导热系数相近、抗压强度更高的特点.     

热处理水滑石对普通硅酸盐水泥和碱矿渣水泥抗碳化性能的影响

热处理水滑石(CLDH)由水滑石(LDH)在一定温度制度下焙烧得到.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析方法,分别研究了普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)和碱矿渣水泥(ASC)的模拟孔溶液掺入的CLDH在碳化环境中的结构重建现象.分析结果表明:在上述两种溶液中,CLDH可以吸附大量的CO2,均具有较强的结构重建能力.证明了CLDH通过离子交换原理改善OPC及ASC抗碳化性能的可行性.将CLDH分别掺入普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂(OPCM)和碱矿渣水泥胶砂(ASCM),研究了CLDH对所制备胶砂的碳化深度以及碳化前后的抗折、抗压强度.试验结果表明:CLDH显著改善OPC的抗碳化性能,且最适宜掺量为2％;但对ASC的抗碳化性能改善作用有限,且对抗折强度不利.     

矿渣微粉取代水泥配制混凝土的尝试

许多研究结果表明，磨细矿渣粉取代水泥可以改善混凝土的和易性，提高混凝土的耐久性，特别对提高混凝土的耐腐蚀性效果较好。国内关于矿粉配混凝土的研究多用普通水泥或硅酸盐水泥做试验。本文拟定分别用矿渣水泥和普通水泥掺加矿渣微粉配制混凝土以进行对比试验，寻找不同掺量下矿渣微粉对混凝土性能的影响。     

矿物掺合料混凝土输水箱涵对水质影响

研究了粉煤灰、磨细矿渣、粉煤灰与磨细矿渣混掺、低碱普通硅酸盐水泥和抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥几种胶凝材料对水质的影响。结果表明在混凝土输水箱涵中使用矿物掺合料不会对水质产生不良影响。     

碱矿渣水泥化学收缩研究

研究了矿渣的种类、细度以及碱组分种类、碱溶液浓度等对碱矿渣水泥化学收缩的影响.结果表明,当碱组分为NaOH时,碱矿渣水泥28d龄期的化学收缩约为6～10ml/100g,与硅酸盐水泥(7～9ml/100g)的相当;当碱组分为水玻璃时,其收缩量约为3～6ml/100g,比硅酸盐水泥的小.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。