粉煤灰和气化渣对混凝土力学性能的影响

采用粉煤灰作为矿物掺合料,采用气化渣代替天然砂制备粉煤灰混凝土,研究不同粉煤灰掺量、不同气化渣替代率的混凝土不同龄期的抗压强度和抗折强度。结果表明：粉煤灰的掺入会提高混凝土的早期抗压强度,也有利于后期强度提升。气化渣代替天然砂对抗压强度无显著影响。气化渣掺量为30%时,能够发挥气化渣的粒径优势,增加混凝土密实程度,有利于抗压强度发展。粉煤灰有利于提高混凝土的抗折强度,气化渣掺量<30%,折压比随气化渣掺比的增大而增大,气化渣掺量>30%,折压比随气化渣掺比的增大而减小。     

地质聚合物再生混凝土的制备与力学性能研究

分析以粉煤灰为主要材质的地质聚合物胶凝材料,利用天然砂以及碎石。再生骨料作为主要的集料,进行地质聚合物再生混凝土的制作,分析养护条件、抗压强度等参数信息。确定地质聚合物再生混凝土强度在骨料取代率增加的过程中会出现先增加后降的变化趋势,存在最佳的掺入量。通过高温养护则可以促进强度发展。     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能及碱渣改性机理

为探索粉煤灰基地质聚合物的力学特性,通过12组胶砂试样的抗折和抗压强度研究NaOH掺量、养护条件、龄期和碱渣掺量对力学性能的影响,对比不同因素下试样胶砂表面孔隙特征,分析了碱渣对粉煤灰基地质聚合物体系的改性机理.结果表明:1.NaOH溶液过剩使强度降低;高温养护能提高强度;粉煤灰基地质聚合物的养护不需要太大的湿度.2.碱渣掺量小于27％时,对粉煤灰-NaOH体系强度有显著的改性作用.CaCO3增大溶液碱性,减小胶砂流动性,影响地质聚合物的微观结构,有效改善体系收缩程度.3.可溶性含钙组分中Ca2参与生成C-SH凝胶,与地质聚合物协同作用提高胶结性,减小孔隙的连通性.     

不同影响因素下粉煤灰再生保温混凝土力学与导热性能分析

制备了粉煤灰再生保温混凝土,分析了其抗拉压强度和导热性能随再生骨料替代量、粉煤灰掺量、玻化微珠掺量和水胶比等因素的变化规律。研究成果表明:粉煤灰再生保温混凝土的抗压和抗拉强度随再生骨料取代量和水胶比的增大而呈指数衰减式减小,随粉煤灰掺量和玻化微珠掺量的增大是先增大而后减小;粉煤灰再生保温混凝土的导热性能随再生骨料取代量、玻化微珠掺量和水胶比的增大而减小,随粉煤灰掺量的增大则先增大而后减小。     

钢渣对粉煤灰再生混凝土力学性能的影响研究

将钢渣加入混凝土取代部分胶凝材料可以提高工业固体废弃物利用,有效保护环境。制备了不同钢渣掺量的混凝土试件,测试了不同钢渣掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度,分析了不同龄期的抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度随钢渣微粉掺量的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)不同龄期的粉煤灰再生混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均在钢渣掺量为12%时达到最大;(2)混凝土的抗变形性能和抗折强度在钢渣掺量为12%～24%最佳;(3)当钢渣掺量超过24%时,随着钢渣掺量的增大,粉煤灰再生混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度将急剧减小。     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的力学性能研究

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的使用可以有效提高粉煤灰的利用率。基于此,本文开展了大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的力学特性测试,分析了混凝土抗折和抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的变化规律,研究了激发剂对混凝土力学特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:(1)大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的抗折强度和抗压强度均随粉煤灰掺量的增大而减小;(2)大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的强度随养护时间的增加而快速增长,适用于早期强度要求不高的混凝土工程;(3)激发剂对大掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度的激发作用:Na_2SO_4CaCl_2NaOH。本文的研究成果可为大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的工程使用提供理论基础。     

利用煤矸石和粉煤灰制备树脂混凝土的试验研究

以阜新市海州矿排放的煤矸石作集料、阜新发电厂排放的粉煤灰作填料配制树脂混凝土,进行了抗折强度、抗压强度和劈拉强度等试验.研究结果表明:当选择适宜的树脂胶粘剂,煤矸石和粉煤灰掺量高达85%,可配制出抗压强度达到46.68MPa、劈拉强度达到7.37MPa、抗折强度达到12.27MPa及弹性模量为1.62×104MPa的树脂混凝土.     

粉煤灰掺量对再生混凝土力学性能和抗冻性的影响研究

研究粉煤灰掺量、再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,并对再生混凝土在不同冻融循环次数下的抗压强度和质量损失率进行了研究.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,再生混凝土抗压强度呈先增大后降低的趋势,当粉煤灰掺量为15%,再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,再生混凝土的抗压强度达到最大;粉煤灰掺量对抗折强度提高幅度较小;在冻融循环低于50次时,试块抗压强度下降速度较缓,此后下降速度加快,当冻融循环达到150次时,强度损失最大;再生粗骨料取代率对试块的抗冻性影响高于粉煤灰掺量.建立了考虑再生粗骨料取代率、粉煤灰掺量因素的冻融循环作用下再生混凝土抗压强度指数衰减规律预测模型.     

粉煤灰对混杂纤维混凝土力学与耐久性能的影响分析

将粉煤灰加入混凝土中可以有效消耗工业固体废弃物，保护环境。基于此，制备了不同粉煤灰掺量的混杂纤维混凝土样品，开展了立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、碳化深度以及冻融循环后的相对动弹性模量和质量损失率测试，分析了混凝土力学与耐久性能随粉煤灰掺量的变化规律。研究结果表明：养护龄期小于14 d时混杂纤维混凝土的抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增大而减小，养护龄期大于14 d时抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增大而增大；60 d养护龄期和12%粉煤灰掺量的混凝土抗拉强度最大；碳化深度随粉煤灰掺量的增大而先减小后增大；粉煤灰掺量小于12%时，掺入粉煤灰的混杂纤维混凝土的抗冻性能要略优于素混杂纤维混凝土。     

养护条件对掺粉煤灰混凝土力学特性影响

为研究养护条件对掺粉煤灰混凝土力学特性影响,基于室内土力学基本试验,分别研究粉煤灰掺量为30%条件下,养护温度、养护湿度、养护时间对粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度及抗折强度的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着养护温度由室温20℃升高至100℃,混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度初始阶段显著增加,养护温度80℃后,强度趋于稳定;随着养护湿度增加,粉煤灰混凝土水化速率加快,抗压强度及抗折强度逐渐提高,最大可提高22.45%、23.18%;80℃高温养护条件下,随着养护时间增加,粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度呈现指数函数变化特征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。