固废制备多孔微晶玻璃研究进展

固废多孔微晶玻璃是以固体废物、发泡剂及其他辅助试剂为原料，制备出的一种绿色材料。由于其主要原料为冶金固废、尾矿和城市固废等，且产品具有较高的机械强度、硬度，显著的耐腐蚀性，绝热、吸声、防火、防潮，使其在实现固废增值的同时，能应用于各种工业领域。文章阐述了烧结法制备固废多孔微晶玻璃的机理，重点论述了固废原料的选择和复合固废组成设计、发泡剂种类、掺量和材料性能、热处理制度对固废多孔微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响规律等方面国内外研究进展，介绍了固废多孔微晶玻璃的应用，对固废多孔微晶玻璃的研究和应用发展趋势进行了展望。     

冶金工业废弃物微晶玻璃的研究概况

冶金工业是重要的原材料工业部门,随之产生了大量的固体废弃物,给自然环境造成了巨大的压力.以冶金固废制备微晶玻璃是冶金资源综合利用的一个重要途径.简要介绍了微晶玻璃的析晶行为及热处理工艺.综述了利用多种冶金固废制备微晶玻璃的研究概况.总结冶金固废微晶玻璃研究目前存在的不足及以后应着重的方向.     

工业固废制备微晶玻璃的研究动态

从资源再生利用角度,概述了工业废渣、尾矿尾砂等固废制备建筑微晶玻璃的研究现状及发展动态,并对矿渣制备微晶玻璃的研究方向进行了展望。     

工业固废微晶玻璃制备的研究与发展趋势

综述了工业固废微晶玻璃的工艺过程与研究现状,分析了烧结法、熔融法、溶胶-凝胶法,介绍了基础玻璃成分以及热处理制度对工业固废微晶玻璃的性能影响,并对工业固废微晶玻璃的发展进行了展望。     

硅灰石/白榴石复相微晶玻璃的制备

采用烧结法分别制备硅灰石微晶玻璃和白榴石微晶玻璃。运用复合烧结晶化处理技术,通过体系间组分内部的反应将二者基础玻璃以不同比例复合烧结。利用X射线衍射测试了复合烧结微晶玻璃的晶相类型,利用电子探针分析了晶相组成和组织结构。结果表明:当硅灰石基础玻璃与白榴石基础玻璃的摩尔比为5∶5复合烧结时,成功制得含有硅灰石和白榴石两种晶相的硅灰石/白榴石复相微晶玻璃。     

基于萤石尾矿和废玻璃烧结制备氟磷灰石微晶玻璃

以萤石尾矿和废玻璃为主要原料,硅酸钙为添加剂,采用烧结法制备微晶玻璃。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对微晶玻璃的析晶特性和微观形貌进行表征,利用Image Pro Plus统计晶粒的尺寸和数量,利用Factsage软件对不同配比下微晶玻璃制备过程中的物相和高温液相量的变化进行表征,并对微晶玻璃的抗折强度和耐酸碱性能进行测试。结果表明:通过废玻璃引入磷元素,可制备出主晶相为氟磷灰石(Ca₅P₃O₁₂F)的微晶玻璃,且烧成温度范围宽,在1 060~1 180 ℃均可得到表现良好的微晶玻璃;随着添加剂硅酸钙配比的提高,主晶相种类并未改变,但氟磷灰石晶粒细化,有利于提升微晶玻璃的机械性能;当萤石尾矿质量分数为30%、废玻璃质量分数为60%、硅酸钙质量分数为10%时,制备的微晶玻璃具有良好的强度和耐酸碱性能。本研究设计的微晶玻璃为萤石尾矿的回收利用提供了新途径,对降低微晶玻璃生产成本和促进固废资源循环经济的发展具有重要的现实意义和经济效益。     

利用镍铁渣及粉煤灰制备CMSA系微晶玻璃的研究

铁合金渣数量多,利用率低,已经成为制约铁合金行业可持续发展的重要因素.为了拓宽铁合金渣新的利用途径,本文以镍铁渣为主要原料,协同利用粉煤灰制备了CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS)系微晶玻璃.试验结果表明,完全利用镍铁渣和粉煤灰两种固废能够制备出性能良好的微晶玻璃.随着镍铁渣掺量从40％增加到55％时,微晶玻璃最佳成核、晶化温度变化不明显,但其抗折强度从66 MPa增加到87 MPa,相应体积密度增大3％,收缩率增大15％,吸水率降低95％.当镍铁渣掺量增加时,微晶玻璃中钙长石和顽辉石相对含量随着增大,而石英和尖晶石相对含量减少.晶相变化和微观结构致密性增加是导致微晶玻璃性能变化的一个主要原因.当镍铁渣掺量为55wt％,粉煤灰掺量为45wt％时,所制备的微晶玻璃抗弯强度为86.76 MPa,吸水率为0.09％,析出的主晶相为钙长石和顽辉石,辅晶相为尖晶石.     

铁尾矿-CRT玻璃协同制备CMAS微晶玻璃的研究

以废弃的承德铁尾矿和CRT显像管废玻璃为主要原料,采用烧结法制备CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃,并利用DSC、XRD和EPMA等测试手段对样品的晶相种类、微观结构以及各项理化性能进行表征.结果表明:CRT玻璃的合适引入量为20％.直接采用CRT玻璃和铁尾矿进行烧结,微晶玻璃主晶相为石英,无法制备具有预期晶相的试样;将铁尾矿高温熔化后进行水淬,可以有效提高烧结反应活性,有利于制备CMAS微晶玻璃;铁尾矿中额外添加11.6wt％ CaO,6.2wt％ MgO和2.7wt％ Al2O3后再熔化水淬,与CRT玻璃复合在900℃保温2h进行烧结后样品的主晶相为透辉石,此时微晶玻璃结晶度最高,样品体积密度为2.54 g/cm3,气孔率0.8％,维氏硬度为6.9 GPa.     

利用工业废渣制备建筑微晶板的研究

以粉煤灰、矿渣和废玻璃等工业废渣为主要原料,添加助燃剂、粘结剂及可诱发玻璃体结晶和微分相的晶核剂等添加剂,采用陶瓷烧结法制备建筑微晶复合板。采用DTA和xRD等方法研究了配合料的成分、添加剂及烧成制度对微晶复合板制备工艺和材料性能的影响。     

粉煤灰微晶玻璃的试验研究

本文以工业废弃物粉煤灰和废玻璃为主要原料,添加适量化学纯试剂,采用烧结法制备了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系粉煤灰微晶玻璃。运用X射线衍射(XRD)对粉煤灰微晶玻璃进行了研究,并测试了粉煤灰微晶玻璃的密度。通过分析了粉煤灰添加量对微晶玻璃试样影响。实验结果表明:粉煤灰微晶玻璃的主晶相为硅灰石,次晶相为副硅灰石;粉煤灰添加量达到35%时,粉煤灰微晶玻璃性能最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。