纳米吸波剂改性水泥基材料研究进展

水泥基吸波材料可以有效缓解电磁波辐射对人们日常生活的影响。传统吸波剂所制备的水泥基吸波材料因其有效带宽窄、吸波效率低和体积厚重等缺点，限制了其在工程中的应用。与之相比，纳米吸波剂具有量子尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应和界面效应等特点，因此纳米吸波剂改性水泥基材料为电磁辐射防护提供了一个新途径。根据纳米吸波剂种类的不同，从碳纳米管水泥基吸波材料、石墨烯水泥基吸波材料和磁性纳米颗粒水泥基吸波材料3个方面总结了国内外相关研究成果，并对未来该领域的发展进行了展望。     

单/双层水泥基平板的微波吸收性能

依据阻抗匹配原理与电磁波传播规律,提出表层透波、内层吸波的双层法设计,该设计具有电磁波吸收性能的层状水泥基平板结构.研究了硅灰和橡胶粉对表面层阻抗匹配的影响;同时还对碳纤维、钢纤维、碳纤维与铁氧体粉复合以及钢纤维与碳纤维复合作为内层吸收剂时,水泥基平板材料在8～18GHz频段内的吸波性能进行了研究.结果表明:硅灰和橡胶颗粒可以明显地改善水泥平板与自由空间的阻抗匹配:与单层相比,在相同碳纤维掺量时,双层吸波砂浆反射率下降-3dB左右;30%质量分数铁氧体与碳纤维复合作为吸波材料的损耗层的吸收剂,反射率在-10dB以下(12.5～18.0GHz),且随着入射频率的增加反射率下降.     

纤维增强树脂基吸波复合材料的研究进展

简述了吸波材料的电磁屏蔽机制、吸波剂的分类和损耗机制以及微波波段的划分与应用,并从材料的选择、结构的设计以及获得的吸波效果等方面对目前纤维增强树脂基吸波复合材料的研究进行了对比总结,重点阐述了单层结构、多层结构、多层夹心结构以及频率选择表面的主要特点和研究现状。最后提出了纤维增强树脂基吸波复合材料目前存在的问题,并对今后的发展进行了展望。     

结构型吸波复合材料的研究进展

结构型吸波复合材料具有吸波性能好、质量轻、可承载等优点,已成为当代吸波材料的主要发展方向,对隐身材料的设计和制造有着重要意义。本文从纤维增强体的截面形状和制备工艺、纤维的铺排结构和夹层复合结构、吸波剂改性等影响吸波复合材料吸波性能的主要因素出发,系统地总结了结构型吸波复合材料的最新研究热点和成果,并指出吸波复合材料的未来发展方向。     

吸波材料包覆研究进展在雷达波低频上的应用

通过各种包覆手段形成的核壳结构吸波材料,不仅可增强吸收剂的耐高温性、抗氧化性、抗腐蚀性性能,还能通过降低介电常数,改善阻抗匹配,大大提高吸波材料的吸波性能。对铁氧体,陶瓷、金属及其合金作为包覆的核-壳结构吸波材料的国内外研究现状进行总结,并针对目前雷达波低频1~4GHz吸波材料的研究热点,探讨包覆研究对雷达波低频吸波材料吸波性能的影响,发现适当的对吸波材料进行包覆处理,有利于提高其在雷达波低频频段的吸波特性。     

铁氧体磁性材料的吸波机理及改善吸波性能的研究进展

铁氧体吸波材料具有吸收频段宽、吸收率高、匹配厚度薄等优点,但由于存在密度大、频带较窄、高温特性差等问题,难以满足吸波材料“薄、轻、宽”的特性,限制了铁氧体吸波材料的应用。本文介绍了吸波材料的吸波机理及铁氧体吸波材料的研究进展,结合近几年铁氧体吸波材料的的发展现状,概述了改善铁氧体吸波材料吸波性能的方法,进而展望了吸波材料的发展前景。总结得出对铁氧体吸波材料进行纳米化、复合化、掺杂及改变形貌,进一步研究和开发出性能优良的吸波材料并将其应用到工业化生产中,是未来制备高性能吸波材料的发展方向。     

吸波材料研究进展

吸波材料的研究是隐身技术发展的关键,是当代隐身技术发展的重点方向之一,而吸波剂质量的好坏决定了吸波材料的性能。介绍了吸波材料的工作原理,主要从无机吸波材料和有机吸波材料方面进行概述,重点阐述了铁系、碳系和陶瓷类、导电高分子类等吸波剂的性能及研究状况,并指出今后的发展方向。     

吸波材料的研究进展

吸渡材料的研究是隐身技术发展的关键,吸波剂的好坏对于吸波材料的性能有很大的影响。本文在对吸波材料以及其吸波原理进行介绍的基础上,大体阐述了有关吸波材料的研究进展,通过对几种常用的微波吸波剂的介绍,提出了未来吸波材料的发展将向着”薄、轻、宽、强”和耐腐蚀性等方面进行研究。     

无机吸波材料的研究进展

吸波材料的研究是隐身技术发展的关键，是当代隐身技术发展的重点方向之一，而吸波剂质量的好坏决定了吸波材料的性能。在讨论吸波材料工作原理的基础上，阐述了国内外无机类吸波剂的研究进展，重点介绍了铁系、碳系和陶瓷类等无机类吸波剂的研究状况，并讨论了各种吸波剂的吸波性能。传统的铁系、陶瓷类和新型的碳系吸波剂由于密度大、吸收频段窄等问题使其应用受到限制，并对此指出了今后的发展方向。     

新型吸波材料的应用及研究

分析了不同情况下吸波材料的吸波机理和吸波特性。阐述了近年来应用研究较多的新型无机吸波剂如:碳系、铁系以及手性吸收剂的结构特性以及研究现状。同时介绍了聚合物与无机吸波剂复合,制备新型吸波材料的研究进展。此外,还提出了现有微波吸收材料研究中存在的不足及进一步的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。