硫酸铁改性氧化铝对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

本文研究了利用硫酸铁改性的活性氧化铝对偶氮染料甲基橙的吸附性能。主要考察了吸附温度、振荡器转速、活性氧化铝的用量、甲基橙的初始浓度以及pH值等因素对甲基橙吸附性能的影响,确定改性氧化铝吸附甲基橙的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,吸附温度为40℃、转速为240 r/min、活性氧化铝的用量3.0 g、甲基橙的初始浓度为200 mg/L、甲基橙废水的pH值为7,此时甲基橙的吸附率可达到84.3%。     

有机修饰钛交联粘土对染料废水的脱色性能研究

以甲基橙溶液为模拟染料废水,研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰的钛交联粘土对染料废水的脱色性能。结果表明:有机修饰钛交联粘土对染料废水的脱色性能较原土、钠改性蒙脱土、钛交联粘土有显著提高。在室温条件下,当吸附剂用量为2.0g/L,脱色时间为40min,溶液pH值在4～8之间时,甲基橙的脱色率达95%以上。     

TiO2混晶负载磷钨酸借自然光照对甲基橙的脱色性能研究

研究了以TiO2混晶负载磷钨酸为光催化剂,在光照条件下模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色性能。实验结果表明:催化剂的投入量,甲基橙的初始浓度,光照时间是影响甲基橙溶液脱色率的重要因素。当H3PW12O40/TiO2催化剂用量为1.5 g/L,甲基橙的初始浓度为10 mg/L,光照时间为2.5 h时,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达97.9%。     

粉煤灰对活性艳红溶液的吸附脱色处理

以活性艳红染料模拟废水为研究对象,考察粉煤灰对染料废水的吸附脱色作用,考察了粉煤灰的加灰量、吸附时间、吸附温度、废水pH值及初始浓度对活性艳红脱色率的影响。实验表明,废水初始浓度越低,吸附时间越长,脱色效果越好,当吸附时间达60 min时,脱色率趋于稳定;随着粉煤灰加入量的增加,脱色率呈上升趋势,对于100 mg/L的染料溶液,当粉煤灰用量为60 g/L时,染料溶液脱色率可达95%;粉煤灰脱色效果受pH值影响很大,碱性条件下粉煤灰的脱色率较高,酸性条件下次之,中性条件下最差,最佳pH值为10。脱色率随温度的升高而下降,但影响不大。     

介孔钨铬杂多酸/Go/PANI材料对甲基橙的吸附性能

以SiW_(11)Cr/GO/PANI为吸附剂,研究了其对模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液的吸附性能,考察了甲基橙溶液的初始pH值、SiW_(11)Cr/GO/PANI催化剂的用量、甲基橙溶液的初始浓度等对催化剂吸附率和去除率的影响,结果表明:催化剂投加量为10mg、溶液的pH值为6、甲基橙溶液的浓度为15mg/L,染料甲基橙的最大去除率能达到95.11%。     

HNO_3改性鱼鳞对染料废水中甲基橙吸附探究

利用HNO_3对草鱼鱼鳞浸泡改性制备吸附剂,通过系列吸附实验,考察甲基橙初始浓度、鱼鳞投加量和吸附温度等因素对改性鱼鳞吸附水中的甲基橙性能的影响,通过FTIR、XRD、吸附等温线和吸附动力学分析吸附机理。结果表明,鱼鳞用1 mol/L HNO_3浸泡3 h所制备的吸附剂对甲基橙染料废水具有很好的吸附性能;在室温(20～25℃)条件下,溶液pH介于4～9,10 g/L改性鱼鳞吸附剂的投加量和初始甲基橙浓度为100 mg/L时,改性鱼鳞吸附剂对甲基橙吸附在反应2 h时效果最佳;通过吸附等温线实验发现,HNO_3改性鱼鳞对甲基橙的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式,而动力学实验表明吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;FTIR和XRD分析表明,HNO_3改性鱼鳞溶解了其中部分羟基磷灰石,对甲基橙的吸附主要是改变其物理结构而提高吸附效果。     

双阳离子复合改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

以四甲基溴化铵（TAB）和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）为改性剂,对天然钠基膨润土进行双阳离子复合改性,制得低成本吸附剂双阳离子复合改性膨润土（T/P-PRT）。用FTIR、BET等手段进行表征,考察了吸附剂用量、初始pH、吸附温度、接触时间等因素对水中偶氮染料甲基橙（MO）的去除效果影响。结果表明,膨润土经改性后,比表面积和孔容变小,平均孔径增大。T/P-PRT对MO的最佳吸附条件为MO初始浓度为500 mg/L、溶液pH为4、吸附剂用量为10 g/L、反应温度为298 K、吸附时间为480 min。在此最佳吸附条件下,吸附量和去除率都达到了最大值,分别为42.66 mg/g和85.33%。MO在T/P-PRT上的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型,吸附过程为化学单层吸附和放热反应。     

磷钨酸借自然光催化甲基橙溶液降解脱色的研究

研究了以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在自然光照条件下模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色性能。实验结果表明,催化剂类型,光照条件,催化剂的投入量,甲基橙的初始浓度,光照时间以及光照强度是影响甲基橙溶液脱色率的重要因素。当磷钨酸的浓度为2.0 g/L,甲基橙的初始浓度为10 mg/L,自然光照时间为2.5 h时,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达95.9%。     

MCM-48负载磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙

以分子筛MCM-48负载磷钨杂多酸制备光催化剂H3PW12O40/MCM-48,考察其在光照条件下对模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色性能.结果表明,当H3PW12O40/MCM-48催化剂用量为6.0 g/L,甲基橙的初始含量为7.0 mg/L,光照5.5 h时,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达84.53％.     

改性粉煤灰对甲基橙废水的电化学氧化

以酸和碱为改性剂,制备改性粉煤灰。考察了不同反应条件改性粉煤灰作为粒子电极对甲基橙染料废水脱色率的影响。试验结果表明：在室温下反应时间为15min、甲基橙初始浓度为100mg／L、改性剂用量为10g／L、电流密度为95mA／cm^2、0．48gNaCl的最佳条件下,甲基橙的脱色率高达96．21％;在最佳反应条件下电解65min,COD去除率可达76.8％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.