油性介质中组装二氧化硅胶体晶体薄膜

报道厂一种由粒径大于700nm的SiO2微球组装胶体晶体薄膜的方法。以一种密度较大的疏水性有机物替代水或醇类为分散剂,通过对SiO2微球表面进行疏水性处理改善其在油性介质中的分散性,采用改进的垂直沉积法在油性分散剂中制备SiO2胶体晶体。用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和紫外－可见光谱仪对SiO2胶体晶体薄膜的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试。结果表明;较大密度的分散剂能有效降低SiO2微球的沉降速度,组装成直径在700～2000nm范围的SiO2微球的胶体晶体。获得的SiO2光子晶体具有长程有序结构,并在近红外区具有显著的光子频率带隙。     

单分散SiO2/Ag/SiO2核壳结构微球制备及自组装光子晶体

应用湿化学方法,在SiO2微球表面先后包覆5 nm银层、20 nm SiO2介质膜,制备了直径约300 nm的单分散SiO2/Ag/SiO2核壳结构微球.用提拉技术实现微球的自组装,获得了长程有序的面心立方结构排列的光子晶体,并研究了其光学性能.结果表明:在可见至近红外波段存在非完全光子带隙;SiO2/Ag/SiO2球体自组装成的光子晶体并非完全密堆排列.     

单分散胶体颗粒的有序组装及其应用研究进展

本文综述了近1～2年来课题组在单分散胶体微球有序组装及其应用方面的研究进展.其中包括250～1300 nm宽尺寸范围单分散二氧化硅胶体微球的重力沉降自组织;旨在提高光子晶体折射率反差的TiO2/SiO2复合胶体微球的有序组装;硬模板与催化材料一步复合的二元胶体体系颗粒的有序自组装;一种高效的聚苯乙烯胶体颗粒的批量组装技术;低体积分数聚苯乙烯胶体晶体的制备;以及聚苯乙烯胶粒晶体作为可调谐三维非线性光子晶体在高开关对比的光子晶体光开关方面的应用,和作为制备有序大孔材料硬模板在大分子催化方面的应用等.     

疏水性光子晶体薄膜的制备及性能研究

以一步乳液聚合法制备单分散的聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸)乳胶微球,通过控制表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠用量来调控乳胶微球粒径的大小,采用竖直沉积法将乳胶微球组装成光子晶体薄膜,继而用疏水改性剂对光子晶体薄膜表面进行改性。利用扫描电镜、紫外-可见分光光谱仪和接触角测量仪对样品进行了表征。结果表明:合成的乳胶微球的单分散性优异;不同带隙的光子晶体薄膜的颜色可实现全可见光的覆盖;疏水性光子晶体薄膜的疏水性能良好,其接触角在130°以上。     

P(St-HEA)胶体晶体薄膜的制备及结构研究

采用两阶段种子乳液聚合法制备了单分散P(St-HEA)微球,通过垂直成膜法制备了P(St-HEA)胶体晶体薄膜。研究了引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对单体转化率的影响,通过FTIR、SEM、UV-Vis对所制备的单分散P(St-HEA)微球的组成、粒径、单分散性及其胶体晶体薄膜的结构进行了研究。结果表明,随着HEA用量的增大,P(St-HEA)微球粒径逐渐增大,单分散性逐渐降低。     

有序大孔二氧化硅微球的制备研究

采用乳液聚合法合成了单分散改性聚苯乙烯（PS）乳胶粒,利用PS乳胶粒自组装制得胶体晶体（“蛋白石”）微球,通过溶胶-凝胶模板法制备了有序大孔SiO2（“反蛋白石”）微球,通过SEM对改性PS乳胶粒、胶体晶体微球和有序大孔SiO2微球表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明,改性PS乳胶粒呈单分散性,粒径为317 nm;胶体晶体微球表面PS乳胶粒排列有序;有序大孔SiO2微球表面呈有序多孔,其孔呈六边形,孔径分布均一,约为200 nm。     

单分散SiO2颗粒的制备与应用

介绍了单分散SiO2的制备方法.如经典St(o)ber法、溶胶种子法、微乳液法,描述了单分散SiO2球在胶体晶体、模板剂、催化剂、粒度测试等方面的应用.最后提出了超临界流体快速膨胀法制备单分散SiO2的设想.     

改性二氧化硅微球的制备及其光子晶体自组装

为提高SiO2微球的表面电荷密度,通过改进Stober法,引入金属Na,合成SiO2微球,并采用垂直沉积法制备出光子晶体.通过Zeta电位粒度仪、带EDS能谱仪的场发射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对其电学性能、显微形貌和光学性能进行测试分析.Zeta电位测试结果显示改性SiO2微球的Zeta电位平均提高13.44 mV;EDS能谱分析表明微球中含有钠元素;SEM照片表明样品平均粒径为318 nm,平均标准偏差小于5%,所得光子晶体为面心立方密排结构;吸收光谱表明在692 nm处具有光子晶体带隙.     

沉积条件对SiO2光子晶体表面形貌的影响

自组装制备是一种常用的三维光子晶体制备方法,在制备光子晶体过程中影响薄膜质量的因素较多.本研究对原始的双基片垂直沉积法进行了一定的改进,控制光照强弱、蒸发速度快慢等条件,沉积了不同的SiO2光子晶体薄膜样品.通过与单基片垂直沉积法得到的薄膜样品进行比较,得到了双基片垂直沉积法沉积光子晶体薄膜样品的最优实验条件.     

不同粒径SiO2粒子混合制备光子晶体结构色薄膜

采用基于St?ber工艺的溶剂调控法制备了分散性较好的粒径为247和285 nm的SiO2纳米粒子,通过调控两种SiO2纳米粒子的混合比例构建不同颜色的结构色薄膜.当247 nm SiO2所占比例增加时,颜色逐渐蓝移,但由于非相干光散射的影响,光子晶体薄膜颜色变淡.为解决这一问题,在SiO2悬浮液中加入墨水,当墨水质量分数增加时,薄膜的明度降低、饱和度提高,且墨水质量分数为0.06％时饱和度最高.考察了粒径、混合比例以及墨水质量分数对结构色的影响,结果发现,光子晶体的结构色受粒径影响,且符合布拉格公式,混合比例的不同改变了SiO2的平均粒径,因而形成不同颜色.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。