二元溶剂体系中CrCl_3催化木糖制备糠醛的研究

对木糖在甲苯/水二元溶剂体系中直接转化制备糠醛进行研究。考察了6种氯化物CrCl3·6H2O,AlCl3·6H2O,FeCl3,CuCl2·2H2O,CoCl2·6H2O,ZnCl2的催化效果,结果表明:选用的金属氯化物均具有一定的催化效果,其中CrCl3·6H2O的催化效果明显优于其他氯化物。以CrCl3·6H2O为催化剂,系统研究反应温度、反应时间、催化剂浓度、木糖质量分数、NaCl添加量对糠醛产率的影响,反应的最佳条件为:反应温度140℃、反应时间60 min,CrCl3·6H2O浓度0.1 mol/L,木糖及NaCl的质量分数分别为4%和15%。在该条件下,糠醛产率为52.55%。     

柠檬酸螯合前驱体法制备COAl2O4尖晶石型钴蓝色料

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Al(NO3)3· 9H2O为前躯体,柠檬酸为螯合剂,乙二醇为溶剂,采用柠檬酸螯合前驱体法制备出CoAl2O4尖晶石型钴蓝色料.研究了不同热处理温度及钴铝比对色料呈色的影响,采用TG/DTA研究了螯合反应过程,采用色度仪、XRD、FT-IR等现代测试分析技术对样品进行了表征.结果表明,柠檬酸螯合前驱体法可在700℃制备出呈色良好的CoAl2O4尖晶石型钴蓝色料;前驱体经450℃热处理已经有尖晶石相生成,但其外观仍呈黑色;色料呈色随热处理温度的提高而随之加深;保温2h、钴铝比为1∶3制得的色料呈色效果最佳.     

低温直接沉淀法制备钛酸锶纳米粉体的研究

采用低温直接沉淀法,以SrCl_2·6H_2O和TiCl_4为原料,NaOH为沉淀剂合成SrTiO_3粉体。研究了反应时间、反应温度、起始料液浓度,以及分散剂的加入对产物形貌、粒度、分散性的影响。通过对产物进行FTIR、SEM、XRD和粒度表征分析,得出最佳制备条件:当pH=13,温度75℃,时间4h,起始料液浓度(SrCl21.2mol/L、TiCl41.2mol/L),反应体系加入分散剂PEG4000(0.5%),可以制备出低团聚、平均粒度(50~70nm)的纳米级钛酸锶粉体。     

低温直接沉淀法制备钛酸锶纳米粉体的研究

采用低温直接沉淀法,以SrCl_2·6H_2O和TiCl_4为原料,NaOH为沉淀剂合成SrTiO_3粉体。研究了反应时间、反应温度、起始料液浓度,以及分散剂的加入对产物形貌、粒度、分散性的影响。通过对产物进行FTIR、SEM、XRD和粒度表征分析,得出最佳制备条件:当pH=13,温度75℃,时间4h,起始料液浓度(SrCl21.2mol/L、TiCl41.2mol/L),反应体系加入分散剂PEG4000(0.5%),可以制备出低团聚、平均粒度(50⁷0nm)的纳米级钛酸锶粉体。     

Fenton氧化法预处理喷涂车间有机废气吸收尾液

根据喷涂车间有机废气吸收尾液难生物降解的特点,采用Fenton试剂氧化预处理,考察了H2O2和Fe2+浓度、pH、反应时间等因素对去除效果的影响.在H2O2投加量为1.4 mol/L,FeSO4·7H2O投量为62.3 mmol/L,pH为7.4,反应3h的条件下,初始COD为40 000～45 000 mg/L的含丙...     

水热法合成α-Al2O3粉体的工艺因素研究

以工业Al(OH)3为起始原料,以α-Al2O3纳米粉为晶种,以KBr作为矿化剂,采用水热法制备了α-Al2O3粉体,利用正交设计法研究了水热反应体系的固含量和pH值、α-Al2O3纳米粉加入量、KBr浓度、填充度以及反应温度和保温时间等工艺因素对合成产物中α-Al2O3含量的影响,试验得出并验证了最优方案,分析了采用最优方案合成产物的显微结构.结果表明:1)各因素对α-Al2O3产率的影响程度从大到小的顺序为:水热温度、纳米α-Al2O3加入量、KBr浓度、固含量、pH值、保温时间、填充度,且随水热温度的升高、纳米α-Al2O3加入量的增加以及pH值的降低,α-Al2O3产率逐渐增加;2)最优方案为:固含量5%,水热温度390 ℃,纳米α-Al2O3加入量5%,pH值5,保温时间4 h,填充度30%,KBr浓度1.0 mol·L-1;3)采用最优方案合成出的产物中α-Al2O3含量达100%,并且α-Al2O3晶体发育比较完善,呈六棱柱状.     

电沉积制备镍-铁-钨合金析氢电极的工艺研究

以紫铜片为基体电沉积制备了Ni–Fe–W合金电极。研究了镀液中不同组分的浓度和工艺条件对Ni–Fe–W合金析氢性能的影响,得到最佳镀液配方和工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O80g/L,FeSO4·7H2O20g/L,Na2WO4·2H2O0.020mol/L,Na3C6H5O7·2H2O 0.5 mol/L,H3BO3 0.65 mol/L,Na2SO4 0.1 mol/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g/L,pH 5~6,温度30°C,电流密度4 A/dm2,磁力搅拌800 r/min,时间30 min。在该条件下所得Ni–Fe–W合金电极表面Ni、Fe和W的原子分数为63.79%、34.35%和1.86%,具有较大的比表面积,在30%KOH溶液中的析氢催化活性较好。     

微波促进类Fenton反应催化氧化降解染料吖啶橙

分别以Fe3+、Fe2O3/Al2O3为催化剂,在微波的协同作用下进行Fenton降解染料吖啶橙模拟废水的研究,考察了溶液pH、H2O2用量、催化剂用量等因素对其降解效果的影响。结果表明,催化剂与微波存在协同效应,当分别以浓度为1.6×10-4 mol/L的Fe3+、Fe2O3/Al2O3为催化剂,其最佳投加量分别为24 mL/L、8.0 g/L,pH为3.5,30%H2O2投加量为40μL/L时,可取得最佳降解效果,吖啶橙的降解率分别达到99%、97%以上。     

微波-Fenton-活性炭法降解有机磷农药混合废水试验研究

采用微波-Fenton-活性炭组合工艺对有机磷农药混合废水进行处理.研究了废水初始浓度、初始pH、FeSO4·7H2O及H2O2投加量、微波功率及辐照时间等因素对处理效果的影响.结果表明:在一定的试验条件下,对100 mL COD为360～400 mg/L的废水,当pH为3.5,活性炭投加量为3.0g,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为0.25 g,30％ H2O2投加量为1 mL,微波功率为680W,辐照时间为7 min时,处理后的出水COD可降至40～44 mg/L,COD去除率平均达89％.     

沉淀法制备TiO2纳米粉体的研究

以TiCl4 和NH3*H2O为原料, 采用沉淀法制备TiO2纳米粉体, 利用XRD, TEM和DTA等测试手段对所得TiO2粉体的晶相组成、粒径分布等性质进行研究, 讨论晶粒尺寸, 物相组成与原料浓度, pH值, 干燥方法等因素之间的关系.结果表明原料浓度为0.3 mol/L, pH＝7时, 微波处理10 min后, 在700 ℃加热30 min即可得到平均粒径小于35 nm, 颗粒分布均匀, 团聚少的金红石型TiO2 纳米粉体.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.