压型钢板-陶粒混凝土组合楼板火灾响应及火灾后受力性能试验研究

为了分析压型钢板-陶粒混凝土组合楼板的火灾响应,首先对受荷条件下的2块简支陶粒混凝土组合楼板进行了火灾行为试验,得到了其火灾温度响应及位移响应。在此基础上,进一步对2块受火后的压型钢板-陶粒混凝土组合楼板进行了火灾后受力性能试验研究,并对1块具有相同参数的组合楼板开展了常温下静载试验。结果表明：在楼板内部设置焊接栓钉将减弱组合楼板的抗火性能、降低组合楼板火灾后的承载力;与未受火作用的同样规格的组合楼板相比,火灾后压型钢板-陶粒混凝土组合楼板的破坏形式发生较大变化,但仍具有较高的承载力和良好的受力性能;压型钢板-陶粒混凝土组合楼板受火后为弯曲破坏,而未受火楼板则为剪切滑移破坏。     

简支组合楼板的火灾试验研究

本文对3块压型钢板-混凝土简支组合楼板进行了恒载条件下的火灾试验研究。对组合楼板的抗火性能与火灾行为进行了研究,考虑了组合楼板的跨度与抗剪连接件对简支组合楼板耐火极限的影响。试验结果表明:简支组合楼板的抗火性能较差,3块板的耐火极限均在30min左右;板的跨度对耐火极限的影响很大,而抗剪件的影响相对较小。     

火灾下钢结构建筑楼板的薄膜效应机理及理论模型

通过试验及火灾实例发现,建筑结构中的钢筋混凝土楼板或压型钢板组合楼板在高温下能产生很大变形,进而产生薄膜效应,能大大提高楼板的抗火性能。因此,在结构防火设计中正确考虑薄膜效应的影响,对发挥楼板的抗火潜能,降低结构抗火成本,有重要意义。本文论述了火灾下楼板的薄膜效应产生的机理,建立了分析模型,将楼板划分为5部分,包括周边4个刚性板块和中间一呈椭球面的板块。分别对板块的内力和弯矩进行了分析,然后根据板块内力及弯矩的平衡方程及位移协调方程,推导出了火灾下考虑薄膜效应后楼板极限承载力的计算公式,为考虑薄膜效应时的楼板抗火设计提供了参考。     

钢-混凝土组合楼板实用抗火设计方法

利用钢-混凝土组合楼盖抗火性能非线性有限元分析程序对不同荷载大小、不同压型钢板厚度、不同配筋的压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板进行了抗火性能分析,找出了火灾影响下组合楼板结构性能的因素,给出了计算组合楼板耐火时间的拟合公式,得到了一些适用于压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板抗火设计的结论和建议。     

开孔薄壁钢梁-轻骨料混凝土装配式组合楼板受火试验研究

为研究由冷弯卷边H形开孔薄壁钢梁和预制轻骨料混凝土板形成的装配式组合楼板的受火性能,对6个两端简支组合楼板试件开展了高温下试验研究,得到了试件的温度及位移响应。研究结果表明：在等效均布荷载2.0 kN/m²及最高炉温为600℃的烃类火灾作用下,以轻骨料混凝土及腹板开孔薄壁钢梁形成装配式组合楼板具有良好的抗火性能,组合楼板的跨中挠度最大为L/44（L为组合楼板跨度）时,试件仍保持良好的整体性;主钢梁腹板开孔直径与分布形式对组合楼板的整体抗火性能均有显著影响,为减小组合楼板高温下的位移响应,对主钢梁腹板的开孔宜优选孔径大、数量少的分布形式;抗剪键数量对组合楼板抗火性能的响应影响远大于对预制板类型的影响。     

冷弯薄壁钢-陶粒混凝土组合楼板火灾响应试验研究

楼板为建筑物的重要构件,对楼板在各种火灾条件下的火灾响应研究对于楼板的抗火与防火设计意义重大.对4块板厚60mm、遭受温度为700℃、持续90min烃类火灾作用的冷弯薄壁钢-陶粒混凝土组合楼板试件开展了火灾响应试验研究,得到了组合楼板的响应温度场、火灾下的位移响应及楼板的破坏特征.试验结果表明,不同构造特征的组合楼板,...     

压型钢板-砼组合楼板火灾下温度场的数值分析

要研究压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的抗火性能,首先要研究压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的温度场.根据传热学中的基本原理,用有限元方法,对火灾下压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板温度场的计算方法进行了研究,并编制了计算程序.与实际试验结果对比,发现该方法精度较好.     

薄壁钢梁-陶粒混凝土装配式组合楼板受火后受力性能研究

由冷弯薄壁钢梁和陶粒混凝土预制板组成的装配式组合楼板具有轻质、高强和施工方便等优点。为研究该类组合楼板的抗火性能及高温后的受力性能,对6块遭受温度为700℃、持续90min烃类火灾升温作用的简支组合楼板试件进行受火后受力性能试验研究。结果表明：当施加的等效均布荷载达到2kN/m²时,受火作用后的组合楼板试件最大挠度小于跨度的1/400,且在加载过程中薄壁钢梁虽已明显扭曲、混凝土板多处开裂,但组合楼板试件未出现整体坍落现象;以普通栓钉为抗剪键的受火后组合楼板试件,其极限荷载比薄壁钢抗剪键组合楼板试件的提高14.2%;当用钢量相同时,主梁数量较多的组合楼板试件采用U形钢筋作为拉结件,其火灾后极限荷载比采用钢条拉结件的组合楼板试件的增加33%,且整体刚度也有所提高;该类组合楼板在受火后仍具有较高承载能力和整体刚度,且抗剪键类型、预制板之间设置的拉结件以及拉结件与抗剪键的连接方式均对其受火后的受力性能有较大的影响。引入组合效应系数可以较好地反映受火后组合楼板试件的组合效应及内部损伤程度。     

钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁抗火性能试验研究

为了得到钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁考虑栓钉剪切滑移后的抗火性能,采用火灾试验炉对2个四点加载的足尺钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁进行抗火性能的试验研究,其中一个试件按照完全抗剪设计,另一个试件按照部分抗剪设计。组合梁楼板采用钢筋桁架楼承板现浇混凝土组成,钢梁为焊接H形钢梁,抗剪键采用栓钉。试验在ISO834标准升温条件下进行,测量得到组合梁的温度分布、跨中挠度、端部楼板和钢梁的相对剪切滑移位移及楼板的掀起位移。并采用现行《组合结构设计规范》对试件高温下极限承载力进行计算。研究表明,常温下完全抗剪设计的钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁具有较好的抗火性能,但高温下仍会产生剪切滑移和掀起位移,部分抗剪连接钢筋桁架楼承板钢组合梁火灾下容易发生混凝土板压溃破坏,且梁端栓钉顶部产生较大的裂缝,在钢梁下翼缘温度超过600℃时,组合梁的变形很快超过完全抗剪连接设计的组合梁,且梁端相对滑移和掀起位移远大于完全抗剪连接设计的组合梁。考虑高温下材料力学性能后,现行《组合结构设计规范》中部分抗剪组合梁承载力计算结果与本文试验结果吻合较好。     

基于多尺度建模的震损RC框架抗火混合模拟

基于构件的震后火灾试验无法全面真实反映整体结构历经地震损伤后局部构件的受火性能,采用ABAQUS软件建立不同损伤组合下的钢混框架有限元模型,并将多尺度建模方法与抗火混合模拟相结合,研究不同建模方式的计算结果差异、不同损伤组合对结构耐火极限的影响,以及抗火混合模拟评估结构震后火灾性能的适用性。结论表明：相对微观单元模型,多尺度单元模型的计算时间在裂缝损伤下和裂缝与剥落共同作用损伤下分别缩短68%和61%,裂缝与剥落共同作用损伤较裂缝损伤耐火极限降低22%,由于考虑了边界条件的变化,抗火混合模拟能够通过局部构件试验反映整体结构的震后抗火性能。     

考虑组合楼板变形的高层钢结构地震作用分析

本文基于正交异性板壳有限元理论,分析了组合楼板对结构平面布置不规则的高层钢结构受力性能的影响。通过有限元分析,确定了发生平面内剪切变形时组合楼板的有效高度。结合两个工程实例。分别按弹性正交异性楼板、刚性楼板两种假定对整体结构进行水平地震作用分析。两种模型计算结果的对比分析表明．弹性正交异性板壳单元模型能更准确地分析结构的周期、内力、位移等参数。     

Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures

The behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures is an important problem. A three-dimensional push test model is developed herein with a two-dimensional temperature distribution field based on the finite element method (FEM) and which may be applied to steel-concrete composite beams. The motivation for this paper is to increase the awareness of the structural engineering community to the concepts behind composite steel-concrete structural design for fire exposure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions strongly depends on the interaction of the slabs with the surrounding elements which include the structural steel beam, steel reinforcing and shear connectors. This study was carried out to consider the effects of elevated temperatures on the behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams for both solid and profiled steel sheeting slabs. This investigation considers the load-slip relationship and ultimate load behaviour for push tests with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. As a result of elevated temperatures, the material properties change with temperature. The studies were compared with experimental tests under both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, for the elevated temperature study, the models were loaded progressively up to the ultimate load to illustrate the capability of the structure to withstand load during a fire. It is concluded that finite element analysis showed that the shear connector strength under fire exposure was very sensitive. It is also shown that profiled steel sheeting slabs exhibit greater fire resistance when compared with that of a solid slab as a function of their ambient temperature strength.     

A Numerical Study on the Thermo-mechanical Response of a Composite Beam Exposed to Fire

This study presents an analytical framework for estimating the thermo-mechanical behavior of a composite beam exposed to fire. The framework involves: a fire simulation from which the evolution of temperature on the structure surface is obtained; data transfer by an interface model, whereby the surface temperature is assigned to the finite element model of the structure for thermo-mechanical analysis; and nonlinear thermo-mechanical analysis for predicting the structural response under high temperatures. We use a plastic-damage model for calculating the response of concrete slabs, and propose a method to determine the stiffness degradation parameter of the plastic-damage model by a nonlinear regression of concrete cylinder test data. To validate simulation results, structural fire experiments have been performed on a real-scale steel–concrete composite beam using the fire load prescribed by ASTM E119 standard fire curve. The calculated evolution of deflection at the center of the beam shows good agreement with experimental results. The local test results as well as the effective plastic strain distribution and section rotation of the composite beam at elevated temperatures are also investigated.     

New evaluation and modeling procedure for horizontal shear bond in composite slabs

A new method for modeling the horizontal shear bond in steel deck-concrete composite slabs is proposed. The method considers the slab slenderness as the strength parameter that affects the accuracy of horizontal shear bond modeling. A calculation procedure called the Force Equilibrium method is developed to generate shear bond stress versus end slips relationship (shear bond property) from bending tests. An interpolation procedure is also presented to estimate the shear bond property curves for slabs of varying slenderness using two sets of bending test data. The shear bond property curves are applied to connector elements of finite element models to model the horizontal shear bond behavior in composite slabs. The results of this study show that the shear bond of composite slabs under bending varies with the slenderness parameter, and hence influences the slab strength and behavior, as well as affecting the accuracy of the finite element analyses. The finite element analyses conducted on slabs with different slenderness utilizing a single shear bond property, which are not varied according to the slenderness parameter, may lead to either safe or unsafe results, depending on the geometry of the slabs.     

Experimental and numerical study on restrained composite slab during heating and cooling

In this paper, a series of fire tests on restrained composite slabs, carried out at the University of Manchester, is presented. A total of six composite slabs were tested under different fire scenarios, with different load ratios. The tests were particularly concerned with the variation of internal forces within the slabs during both heating and cooling phases. In addition to the testing programme, two separate nonlinear finite element models have been developed to simulate the thermal and mechanical behaviour of composite slabs during heating and cooling, which is introduced in detail in this paper. In the thermal analysis model, plane elements were adopted to obtain a detailed thermal behaviour. In the structural analysis model, the concrete, steel deck and mesh were simulated by solid elements, shell elements and truss elements respectively. The interaction between the concrete and steel sheet was simplified to spring elements. According to the experimental results and FE modelling, the behaviour of composite slabs was analysed in detail. At last, the parametric study was performed where the effect of concrete strength, steel deck thickness and mesh size was analysed.     

加热和冷却过程中约束复合板的试验及数值研究

在曼彻斯特大学,对约束复合板进行一系列耐火试验。在不同火灾场景下,对6块不同荷载比下的复合板进行试验,观察加热和冷却过程中板内力的变化。设计试验方案,建立两种不同的非线性有限元模型,模拟复合板在加热和冷却过程中的热学和力学性能。在热分析模型中,采用平面单元模拟。在结构分析中,混凝土、钢板、锚钉分别采用实体单元、壳单元、桁架单元模拟。混凝土和钢板间的连接简化为弹簧单元。根据试验结果和有限元计算结果,详细分析了复合板的性能。最后,进行参数研究,分析了混凝土强度、钢板厚度和锚钉尺寸的影响。     

新型组合梁板连接中板的抗弯性能

在高层建筑结构设计中,由于上部荷载较大或梁的跨度较大,使得梁的截面高度较高,通常会影响建筑的有效层高和建筑的总体高度。为了减小各层梁板结构高度,有效增大各层净高,提出了一种钢箱梁嵌入现浇板的新型组合梁板连接方式。针对这种新型连接方式,对6个钢箱梁混凝土板组合连接区域进行了板承受支座负弯矩的单调加载试验,对比分析了采用钢箱梁嵌入混凝土板组合楼盖与传统栓钉连接组合楼盖中板抵抗支座负弯矩的性能差异;并利用ABAQUS对试件进行了有限元分析。试验与有限元分析结果表明:采用钢箱梁嵌入板连接组合方式,其混凝土板抵抗支座负弯矩的能力与传统连接方式板抵抗支座负弯矩能力没有明显差异。     

火灾中组合梁-板组件的响应模型

介绍一种立体的有限元模型,可用来评估受重力和火灾荷载的组合梁-板组件的响应。使用有限元分析软件模拟典型梁-板组件在不同剪切条件(栓焊混合连接和全部螺栓连接的双角钢节点)和不同火灾场景下的性能。有限元模型中包含随温度变化的组成材料的热力学性能、连接件和混合作用。使用瞬态时域热应力耦合分析来获得组合梁-板组件的温度分布和变形响应。通过对所预测的和所测量的火灾情况下3个组合梁-板组件热学参数和结构响应参数进行对比,验证了这个有限元模型。通过对比显示,所提出的有限元模型可以很准确地预测梁-板组件的火灾响应。分析研究可知,梁和板的混合作用很大程度上提升了组合梁-板组件的耐火性能。因此,可以推论出所提出的有限元模型可用来评估组合楼板结构火灾响应。     

Modeling the response of composite beam–slab assemblies exposed to fire

This paper presents the development of a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model for evaluating the response of composite beam–slab assemblies subjected to a combination of gravity and fire loading. The behavior of typical beam–slab assemblies with different shear connection types (welded–bolted shear tab and all-bolted double-angle connection), exposed to different fire scenarios, was modeled using ANSYS. The finite element model accounts for temperature dependent thermal and mechanical properties of constituent materials, connections, and composite action. Transient time domain coupled thermal-stress analysis is performed to obtain the temperature distribution and deformation response of the composite beam–slab assembly. The finite element model is validated by comparing the predicted and measured thermal and structural response parameters of three composite beam–slab assemblies tested under fire conditions. The comparisons show that the proposed model is capable of predicting the fire response of beam–slab assemblies with good accuracy. Research from the analysis clearly shows that the composite action between the beam and slab significantly enhances the fire performance of composite beam–slab assemblies. It is concluded that the proposed finite element model could be used as a feasible tool to evaluate the fire response of composite floor systems.     

可拆装钢-混凝土组合楼板的振动分析及舒适度评价

随着现代建筑楼板结构向轻柔、大跨度、装配式方向发展,楼板体系的舒适度问题越来越受到重视。为验证新研制的可拆装钢框架-混凝土组合楼板的舒适度,通过组合楼板的自振频率试验并利用有限元软件对组合楼板进行振动分析,得到钢框架-混凝土组合楼板自振频率,利用有限元分析方法得到的钢框架-混凝土组合楼板自振频率与实测值非常吻合,所设计的组合楼板舒适度较好,满足CECS 273∶2010《组合楼板设计及施工规范》中的相关要求。