CONNOTATIONS OF TWENTY PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNALS TO THEIR PROFESSIONAL READERS.

20 PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS OF INTEREST TO PSYCHOLOGISTS WERE RATED BY 553 MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) ON 20 SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALES. THE DATA WERE FACTOR ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE MAJOR DIMENSIONS OF EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS BY A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF PSYCHOLOGISTS AND TO REVEAL THE CLUSTERS OF THE MAJOR JOURNALS AS PERCEIVED BY THEM. AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO RELATE DIFFERENCES IN EVALUATION TO BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF RATERS SUCH AS DIVISIONAL AFFILIATION, AREAS OF INTEREST, TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT, AND SENIORITY. 4 MAJOR DIMENSIONS OF FEELING TONES ARE REPORTED-VALUE, SCIENTIFIC RIGOR, INTERESTINGNESS, AND ORIENTATION TOWARD THEORY OR APPLICATION. JOURNAL CLUSTERS IN TERMS OF THESE 4 FACTORS ARE DISCUSSED. THE MEMBERS HAVING THE GREATEST INVOLVEMENT WITH APA, AS EVIDENCED BY MULTIPLE-DIVISION MEMBERSHIP, TEND TO BE ACADEMIC IN ORIENTATION AND PLACE THE GREATEST GENERAL VALUE ON THE JOURNALS. NONDIVISIONAL MEMBERS SEEM TO BE MORE CLINICAL AND APPLIED IN ORIENTATION. OTHER BACKGROUND DIFFERENCES ARE DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ACCEPTANCE AND ADJUSTMENT, REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE.

SS WERE 40 MALADJUSTED MALE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED ON A PSYCHIATRIC WARD AND 40 ADJUSTED MALE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED ON A MEDICAL SURGICAL WARD. THE MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC GROUPS WERE EACH COMPOSED OF EQUAL SUBGROUPS OF LOW- AND HIGH-COMPETENCE REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS. ALL SS COMPLETED A SOCIAL DESIRABILITY MINIMIZED Q-SORT FOR "REAL SELF" AND FOR "IDEAL SELF." RESULTS SHOWED THAT SELF-ACCEPTANCE AS EXPRESSED IN A SELF-IDEAL DISCREPANCY SCORE IS SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO THE DEFENSIVE-STYLE CONTINUUM OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION, WITH REPRESSORS EXPRESSING SIGNIFICANTLY SMALLER SELF-IDEAL DISCREPANCIES THAN SENSITIZERS. NO RELATIONSHIP WAS FOUND BETWEEN SELF-ACCEPTANCE AND THE DIMENSIONS OF ADJUSTMENT OR SOCIAL COMPETENCE. (33 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SELF-PRESENTATIONS IN RELATION TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REFERENTS.

SELF-PRESENTATIONS MAY BE DISCERNED IN TERMS OF THE REFERENTS USED, AND ARE CONSIDERED TO RELATE TO MORE BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. 2 CRITERION GROUPS (54 SS IN EACH) WERE DRAWN FROM A POPULATION OF 204 SS, USING THE "WHO AM I?" TECHNIQUE. THOSE USING GROUP-RELEVANT OR EXTERNALLY IDENTIFIABLE REFERENTS WERE COMPARED WITH THOSE USING INTERNAL OR IDIOSYNCRATIC REFERENTS TO PRESENT THEMSELVES ON THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR AND THE FIRO-B. THOSE PRESENTING THEMSELVES VIA GROUP-RELEVANT CHARACTERISTICS USED SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER WORDS TO DO SO, WERE OLDER, AND HAD MORE MARRIED MEMBERS. ON THE MYERS-BRIGGS THEY WERE FOUND TO BE LESS INTUITIVE AND MORE JUDGMENTAL IN ORIENTATION. NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND ON THE FIRO-B. (28 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF "DREAM DEPRIVATION" ON DREAM CONTENT: AN ATTEMPTED CROSS-NIGHT REPLICATION.

ATTEMPTED TO REPLICATE, IN A CROSS-NIGHT DESIGN, THE FINDING THAT EARLY-NIGHT REM-SLEEP DEPRIVATION LEADS TO MORE DREAMLIKE LATE NIGHT REM-SLEEP MENTATION. 8 SS WERE REM DEPRIVED ON NIGHT 1 AND PSEUDODEPRIVED ON NIGHT 3, WHILE 8 SS WERE RUN IN THE REVERSE ORDER. REPORTS OF MENTAL CONTENT WERE ELICITED FROM NREM AND REM SLEEP ON NIGHTS 2 AND 4, SS AND "WATCHERS" COMPLETED GOUGH ADJECTIVE CHECK LISTS (ACLS) ON S BEHAVIOR DURING DAYS 2 AND 4. DEPRIVATION PRODUCED NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN WAKING BEHAVIOR, NREM OR REM MENTATION, OR IN THE SLEEP CYCLE. FINDINGS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF DREAM THEORY AND METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF DEPRIVATION RESEARCH. DEPRIVATION LOWERED DAYTIME ORAL TEMPERATURE, AND ACL RESPONSES PREDICTED PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPENSATION FROM DEPRIVATION. (19 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

GOALS AND INTENTIONS AS MEDIATORS OF THE EFFECTS OF MONETARY INCENTIVES ON BEHAVIOR.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT MONETARY INCENTIVES WOULD AFFECT TASK PERFORMANCE ONLY THROUGH OR BY MEANS OF THEIR EFFECTS ON THE INDIVIDUAL'S GOALS OR INTENTIONS. 2 OF THE 5 EXPERIMENTS DEALT WITH THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE GOALS TO LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE ON A TASK AS A FUNCTION OF INCENTIVE CONDITION. 3 EXPERIMENTS EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS TO TASK CHOICE AS A FUNCTION OF INCENTIVE. IN ALL 5 STUDIES, SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS WERE OBTAINED BETWEEN PERFORMANCE GOALS OR BEHAVORIAL INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIOR. WHEN GOAL OR INTENTION LEVEL WAS CONTROLLED, THERE WAS NO EFFECT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON BEHAVIOR. IN THE 3 CHOICE STUDIES WHERE INCENTIVE DID HAVE AN INITIAL EFFECT ON CHOICE, THESE DIFFERENCES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY EQUIVALENT DIFFERENCES IN INTENTIONS. WHEN THE LATTER WERE PARTIALED OUT, THE ORIGINAL INCENTIVE EFFECT WAS VITIATED. THE DATA WERE INTERPRETED AS SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS. (32 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CONSUMER CONFUSION IN THE SELECTION OF SUPERMARKET PRODUCTS.

THE MATTER OF TRUTH IN THE PACKAGING AND PRICING OF PRODUCTS IN THE AMERICAN MARKETPLACE HAS BEEN A SUBJECT OF PUBLIC CONTROVERSY IN RECENT YEARS. BY TREATING "TRUTH" OR "CONFUSION" AS POINTS ON AN UNDERLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION, AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO DEFINE THE ISSUES IN THIS CONTROVERSY MORE OBJECTIVELY. 3 BEHAVIORALLY BASED QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF CONFUSION IN UNIT-PRICE INFORMATION FOR PACKAGED PRODUCTS WERE DEVELOPED, AND APPLIED IN A SUPERMARKET SETTING. 33 YOUNG MARRIED WOMEN WERE INSTRUCTED TO SELECT THE MOST ECONOMICAL PACKAGE FOR EACH OF 20 PRODUCTS ON DISPLAY AT A LOCAL SUPERMARKET. EACH OF THE 3 MEASURES EMPLOYED PROVED TO BE HIGHLY RELIABLE, BASED ON A RETEST OF 13 OF THE SS, AND REASONABLY VALID, WHEN CORRELATED WITH AN INDEPENDENT MEASURE OF CONSUMER CONFUSION. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND FOR THE SET OF PRODUCTS ON ALL 3 MEASURES OF CONFUSION, AND THERE IS REASON TO BELIEVE THAT THESE DIFFERENCES REFLECT, AT LEAST IN PART, DIFFERENCES IN PACKAGING PRACTICES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VOLUNTEER AND NONVOLUNTEER CHARACTERISTICS IN AN OUTPATIENT POPULATION.

REPORTS DATA ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLUNTEERS AND NONVOLUNTEERS AMONG A GROUP OF 49 PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS. NONVOLUNTEER PATIENTS INCLUDED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER NUMBER OF SCHIZOPHRENICS AND BORDERLINE SCHIZOPHRENICS WHILE VOLUNTEER PATIENTS TENDED TO BE MORE EGO INVOLVED IN PSYCHOTHERAPY. NO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND ON OCCUPATIONAL STATUS, INCOME, OR EDUCATION. MMPI SCALE SCORE DIFFERENCES, WHILE NOT SIGNIFICANT, WERE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS FROM THOSE USUALLY OBSERVED IN NORMALS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE PATTERNS TO SALT STIMULI IN THE RAT.

RATS WERE TRAINED IN A 2-LEVER SKINNER BOX TO SELECT 1 OR THE OTHER OF THE LEVERS ON THE BASIS OF WHICH OF 2 STIMULI THEY HAD TASTED. 3 GROUPS OF SS WERE TESTED WITH 1 OF THE STIMULI BEING .1 MOLAR SODIUM CHLORIDE FOR ALL 3 GROUPS AND THE OTHER EITHER .5 MILLIMOLAR QUININE SULPHATE, .01 MOLAR HYDROCHLORIC ACID, OR .2 MOLAR SUCROSE. VARIOUS TEST SALTS WERE THEN USED AS STIMULI, AND THE PERCENTAGE OF TRIALS FOR WHICH THE SS RESPONDED ON THE LEVER CONDITIONED TO THE NONSODIUM-CHLORIDE STANDARD WAS RECORDED. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE CATION IS THE MAIN DETERMINANT OF THE TASTE OF A SALT. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE PATTERNS AND THE NEURAL RESPONSE DATA IS DISCUSSED. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DELAY OF GRATIFICATION AND SEVERITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES AMONG HOSPITALIZED PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS.

TO INVESTIGATE A POSTULATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DELAY OF GRATIFICATION AND SEVERITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE, 3 MEASURES OF DELAY OF GRATIFICATION WERE CONSTRUCTED AND ADMINISTERED TO 2 PATIENT GROUPS, DIFFERING IN SEVERITY OF DISTURBANCE, AND 1 "NORMAL" GROUP. SS WERE GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY FOR MAKING ACTUAL AND HYPOTHETICAL CHOICES BETWEEN A SMALL REWARD NOW OR A RELATIVELY LARGER REWARD LATER. THE 3 MEASURES SHOWED MODERATE BUT SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS. THE 3 EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS DIFFERED SIGNIFICANTLY ON THE MEASURES OF DELAY OF GRATIFICATION. AN ADDITIONAL HYPOTHESIS, THAT SITUATIONAL VARIABLES (PRAISE AND REPROOF) MAY BE IMPORTANT MODIFIERS OF THE PATTERN OF DELAY OF GRATIFICATION, FOUND ONLY PARTIAL SUPPORT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EXCITABILITY CYCLES AND CORTICAL SCANNING: A REVIEW OF TWO HYPOTHESES OF CENTRAL INTERMITTENCY IN PERCEPTION.

A REVIEW OF HYPOTHESES FREQUENTLY REFERENCED AS EXPLANATIONS OF THE DISCRETE NATURE OF TEMPORAL PERCEPTION, I.E., THE TENDENCY FOR INCOMING SENSE INFORMATION TO BE PERCEPTUALLY GROUPED IN TIME. HYPOTHESES WERE DIVIDED INTO 2 CATEGORIES: THOSE ASSUMING "CORTICAL EXCITABILITY CYCLES" WHICH SERVE AS A GATING OR TIMING DEVICE, AND THOSE ASSUMING A "CENTRAL SCANNING MECHANISM" WHICH TEMPORALLY GROUPS SENSE DATA INTO "PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENTS." THESE CONCEPTS ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO EVOKED AND SPONTANEOUS CORTICAL ACTIVITY, EFFECTS OF STIMULUS INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY, CORTICAL ACTIVATION, AND PERCEPTION. THE CONCEPTS REVIEWED DIFFER ALONG 3 MAJOR DIMENSIONS: (1) TIME BASE ASSUMED, (2) OPERATION FREQUENCY ASSUMED, AND (3) WITHIN-OPERATION EFFECTS. (61 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DIMENSIONS AND PATTERNS OF ADOLESCENT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR.

A SELF-REPORT CHECKLIST OF ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITIES WAS FILLED OUT ANONYMOUSLY BY 505 HIGH SCHOOL BOYS AND 391 BOYS AT INSTITUTIONS FOR DELINQUENTS. THE 52 ITEMS OF THE CHECKLIST DETERMINED THE EXTENT OF PARTICIPATION IN A BROAD RANGE OF MISBEHAVIORS. CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE ITEMS OF THE SCALE ON 3 DIFFERENT SAMPLES REVEALED 4 DIMENSIONS OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: DELINQUENT ROLE, DRUG USAGE, PARENTAL DEFIANCE, AND ASSAULTIVENESS. ON EACH OF THE 4 DIMENSIONS OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR, THE SCORES OF DELINQUENTS AND NONDELINQUENTS DIFFERED SIGNIFICANTLY. DELINQUENT BOYS WERE THEN CLASSIFIED INTO 7 EMPIRICAL TYPES BASED ON SCORE PATTERNS ON THE 4 DIMENSIONS. THESE EMPIRICAL TYPES DIFFERED SIGNIFICANTLY IN RACIAL COMPOSITION AND ON OTHER SOCIAL AND PERSONOLOGICAL VARIABLES. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS OF YOUTH.

ATTEMPTED "TO EXAMINE HOW MUCH YOUNG AMERICANS (I.E., HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS) KNOW ABOUT TESTING, THE EXTENT OF THEIR EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS, AND THEIR BELIEFS ABOUT THE EFFICACY OF THESE TESTS . . . . DATA ARE (ALSO) PRESENTED ON THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARD TESTING IN GENERAL AND IN THE SPECIFIC AREAS OF SCHOOL AND INDUSTRY." CERTAIN DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES RELATED TO THE ABOVE ARE CONSIDERED. 16,000 55-ITEM QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SENT TO THE PURDUE OPINION PANEL, WHICH CONSISTS OF 113 COOPERATING HIGH SCHOOLS. THERE WERE 12,000 RESPONDENTS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT "WHILE ATTITUDES TOWARD PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING ARE NOT OVERWHELMINGLY FAVORABLE IN THIS SAMPLE, THEY DO SEEM TO BE REASONABLY POSITIVE, AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS DO EXPRESS CONSIDERABLE BELIEF IN THE UTILITY AND IMPARTIALITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CONJUNCTIVE AND DISJUNCTIVE CONCEPT LEARNING IN HUMANS AND SQUIRREL MONKEYS.

40 HUMANS AND 16 SQUIRREL MONKEYS LEARNED A CONJUNCTIVE AND A DISJUNCTIVE CONCEPT IN A CHOICE PROCEDURE IN WHICH A POSITIVE AND A NEGATIVE INSTANCE WERE PRESENTED ON EACH TRIAL. THERE WERE 2 RELEVANT AND 2 IRRELEVANT DIMENSIONS. HUMANS FOUND DISJUNCTIVE CONCEPTS MORE DIFFICULT; THIS TREND WAS SLIGHTLY REVERSED FOR THE MONKEYS. MONKEYS WERE MORE INFLUENCED BY THE NATURE OF THE RELEVANT DIMENSIONS THAN WERE HUMANS. VINCENT LEARNING CURVES SHOWED IMPROVEMENT PRIOR TO CRITERION IN ALL CASES, IN AGREEMENT WITH THE TRABASSO-BOWER MODEL FOR 2-CUE CONCEPT LEARNING. RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND DISCRIMINATION LEARNING MODELS OF CONCEPTUAL BEHAVIOR. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ANXIETY-REDUCING EFFICACY OF DISTRACTION, CATHARSIS, AND RATIONALIZATION IN TWO PERSONALITY TYPES.

FOLLOWING FILM AROUSAL OF ANXIETY, 80 HIGH SCHOOL BOYS CLASSIFIED AS EITHER REPRESSORS OR SENSITIZERS WERE EXPOSED TO 1 OF 3 TREATMENTS-DISTRACTION, CATHARSIS, OR RATIONALIZATION-OR TO A CONTROL CONDITION. THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES WERE TO DETERMINE: (1) WHETHER THE 3 TREATMENTS IN QUESTION WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING ANXIETY, AND (2) WHETHER THE EFFICACY OF AN IMPOSED TREATMENT IS PARTIALLY A FUNCTION OF THE S'S CHARACTERISTIC MANNER OF REDUCING ANXIETY. ON ALL OF THE ANXIETY MEASURES WITH 1 EXCEPTION, THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT EFFECTS NOR ANY SIGNIFICANT TREATMENT * CHARACTERISTIC DEFENSE INTERACTION. ON THE CRITERION MEASURE OF OVERALL RT TO BOTH NEUTRAL AND FILM-RELATED WORDS, SIGNIFICANT TREATMENT EFFECTS EMERGED (P     

EFFECTIVENESS OF PARENTS OF HEAD START CHILDREN AS ADMINISTRATORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS.

ATTEMPTED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARENTS OF HEAD START CHILDREN AS ADMINISTRATORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS. 7 PARENTS INDEPENDENTLY TESTED A GROUP OF CHILDREN WHO WERE ALSO EVALUATED BY PSYCHOLOGY GRADUATE STUDENTS. THE INDIVIDUALLY ADMINISTERED TESTS INVOLVED WERE THE CALDWELL PRE-SCHOOL INVENTORY AND THE PEABODY PICTURE VOCABULARY TEST (PPVT). THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE 2 GROUPS OF TESTERS WAS .88 ON THE PRE-SCHOOL INVENTORY AND .64 ON THE PPVT. ON THE STRENGTH OF THESE CORRELATIONS AND OTHER METHODS OF EXAMINING THE DATA, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT LESS SOPHISTICATED INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGH MOTIVATION MAY BE ADEQUATE IN PERFORMING CERTAIN PROFESSIONAL TASKS, SUCH AS THE ADMINISTRATION AND SCORING OF INDIVIDUAL TESTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL DEPRIVATION ON A BATTERY OF OPEN-ENDED COGNITIVE TASKS.

2 EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 43 MALE COLLEGE SS TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PERFORMANCE ON OPEN-ENDED COGNITIVE TESTS WILL BE IMPAIRED BY EXPOSURE TO AN IMPOVERISHED SENSORY ENVIRONMENT. THE GUILFORD BATTERY OF CREATIVE THINKING (10 TESTS) WAS ADMINISTERED BEFORE AND AFTER 3 DAYS OF EITHER SENSORY DEPRIVATION (DARKNESS AND SILENCE) OR PERCEPTUAL DEPRIVATION (UNPATTERNED LIGHT AND WHITE NOISE). IN BOTH EXPERIMENTS, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN THE ISOLATED AND CONTROL SS ON ANY OF THE TESTS. HOWEVER, WHEN DATA OF THE 2 EXPERIMENTS WERE COMBINED, THE ISOLATED SS PERFORMED SIGNIFICANTLY WORSE THAN DID CONTROLS ON A TEST OF IDEATIONAL FLUENCY. IT WAS ALSO OBSERVED THAT THE PREEXPERIMENTAL SCORES OF A GROUP OF 6 ISOLATION QUITTERS WERE CONSISTENTLY LOWER, RELATIVE TO THOSE OF THE SUCCESSFUL ISOLATION ENDURERS AND CONTROLS, ON ALL 10 TESTS. ALTHOUGH NONE OF THE DIFFERENCES WERE STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT (PROBABLY BECAUSE OF THE SMALL SAMPLE OF QUITTERS), THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LOW PREEXPERIMENTAL SCORES ON OPEN-ENDED COGNITIVE TESTS MAY INDICATE ISOLATION INTOLERANCE. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (24 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION IN THERAPY GROUPS.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF TREATMENT FOR SOCIAL-EVALUATIVE ANXIETY BY MODIFIED SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION IN TIME-LIMITED INTENSIVE THERAPY GROUPS WERE EVALUATED IN A MATCHED-GROUPS DESIGN. 10 CHRONICALLY ANXIOUS COLLEGE MALES, TREATED BY THE GROUP METHOD, WERE REASSESSED ON PERSONALITY AND ANXIETY SCALES THAT HAD SHOWN SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT AGAINST AN "OWN CONTROL" PERIOD, AND COMPARED TO 4 EQUATED GROUPS THAT HAD RECEIVED INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMS OF SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION, INSIGHT ORIENTED PSYCHOTHERAPY, ATTENTION-PLACEBO TREATMENT, OR NO TREATMENT. 10 NO-TREATMENT CONTROLS WHO WERE MATCHED ON ALL IMPORTANT VARIABLES PROVIDED A BASE LINE FOR EVALUATING EXTRATREATMENT EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AS AN OBJECTIVE, PUBLIC CRITERION. 100% RETURN RATES WERE OBTAINED FOR ALL TREATED SS, REVEALING MAINTENANCE OF IMPROVEMENT FOUND EARLIER FOR GROUP DESENTIZATION, WITH ADDITIONAL IMPROVEMENT OVER THE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP PERIOD. NO EVIDENCE OF RELAPSE OR SYMPTOM SUBSTITUTION WAS OBTAINED. GROUP DESENSITIZATION APPEARS TO PROVIDE AN EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY AND IS NOT LIMITED TO SPECIFIC PHOBIAS. (38 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

IS THE HYPNOTIC TRANCE NECESSARY FOR PERFORMANCE OF HYPNOTIC PHENOMENA?

THE PERFORMANCE OF 2 SO-CALLED HYPNOTIC PHENOMENA (SELECTIVE AWARENESS AND AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS) WERE COMPARED BETWEEN HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE SS IN THE WAKING OR HYPNOTIC STATES. 40 SS (FROM AN ORIGINAL 148 PAID, VOLUNTEER, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS) WERE TRAINED IN DEEP HYPNOSIS AND SUBSEQUENTLY ASSIGNED RANDOMLY TO 4 GROUPS OF 10 SS EACH. EACH GROUP WAS TESTED ON ITS PERFORMANCE OF THE 2 "HYPNOTIC PHENOMENA" WHILE EXPERIENCING 1 OF 4 COMBINATIONS OF 2 VARIABLES, NAMELY, THE WAKING OR HYPNOTIZED STATE OF EACH S, AND THE SUGGESTION TO HALLUCINATE DURING OR AFTER EXPOSURE TO A PAIRED-ASSOCIATE WORD LIST GIVEN AUDIBLY TO EACH S. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN S RESPONSES TO 2 SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIONS OF A WORD-ASSOCIATION TEST WERE USED AS AN INDEX OF EACH S'S LEVEL OF AWARENESS TO THE PAIRED-ASSOCIATE WORD LIST, AND HIS OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS. RESULTS INDICATE NO DIFFERENCES ATTRIBUTABLE TO STATE, BUT SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE SUGGESTED TIME OF HALLUCINATING. (33 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THE TRUE DECEIVER.

REVIEWS PUBLISHED STUDIES TO APPRAISE THE PREVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DECEPTION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH. SOME SUBSTANTIVE AREAS RELY HEAVILY ON DECEPTION, AND ARE HIGHLY CONSISTENT IN THEIR USE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF DECEPTIONS. FEW STUDIES USING THIS TACTIC REPORTED ANY INFORMATION ABOUT SS' SUSPICIONS OF THE DECEPTIONS, REGARDLESS OF THE STUDIES' SUBSTANTIVE AREA OR THE KINDS OF DECEPTIONS EMPLOYED. IN THE STUDIES REPORTING SUCH INFORMATION, ONLY A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF SS WERE SUSPICIOUS, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE STUDIES' SUBSTANTIVE AREA OR DECEPTIONS. THE INADEQUACY OF THE CRITERIA EMPLOYED FOR ASSESSING SUSPICION AND OTHER POSSIBLE SOURCES OF DISTORTION IN THE REPORTED RATES OF SUSPICION ARE DISCUSSED. THE NEED FOR GUIDELINES IN EVALUATING DECEPTION STUDIES AND EFFECTIVE PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING SS' SUSPICIONS ARE EMPHASIZED. (31 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

STIMULUS TRACE IN THE MENTALLY RETARDED: DEFECT OR DEVELOPMENTAL LAG?

TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE CENTRAL ORGANISMIC VARIABLE OF STIMULUS TRACE THEORY, I.E., NEURAL INTEGRITY (NI), WAS MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO MA OR IQ, COMPARISONS WERE MADE BETWEEN DIGIT SPAN PERFORMANCE OF OUTPATIENT CHILDREN WHO WERE MATCHED ON EITHER MA OR CA BUT WHO DIFFERED IN IQ GROUPS MATCHED DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN NORMAL, BORDERLINE, AND RETARDED IQ. ON CA, BUT NOT BETWEEN THOSE MATCHED ON MA. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT N1 WAS RELATED TO MA BUT NOT TO IQ AND THAT AS A CONSEQUENCE STIMULUS TRACE THEORY WAS BEST REGARDED AS A DEVELOPMENTAL RATHER THAN A DEFECT APPROACH TO MENTAL RETARDATION. THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH STRATEGIES OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND DEFECT APPROACHES ARE DISCUSSED AS IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FINDING OF NO DIFFERENCES IN VARIABILITY OF DIGIT SPAN PERFORMANCE BETWEEN NORMAL AND RETARDED CHILDREN. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)