DEATH IDEATION IN SUICIDAL PATIENTS.

IN A 3 * 2 * 2 FACTORIAL DESIGN WITH REPEATED MEASURES ON THE LAST FACTOR, A SUICIDE ATTEMPT, SUICIDE IDEATION, AND NONSUICIDAL CONTROL GROUP OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SS, DIVIDED INTO PSYCHOTIC AND NEUROTIC SUBGROUPS OF 15 SS EACH, VIEWED UNPLEASANT SLIDES AND DEATH SLIDES. MEASURES OF VIEWING TIME, RATED TENSION, AND RATED LIKING WERE OBTAINED. PARTIAL CONFIRMATION WAS OBTAINED FOR THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PSYCHOTIC SS WOULD SHOW LESS THREAT TO DEATH SLIDES THAN THE NEUROTICS. THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SUICIDAL SS WOULD SHOW MORE AVOIDANCE, TENSION, AND DISLIKE FOR THE DEATH SLIDES THAN THE CONTROLS WAS NOT SUPPORTED. THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE SUICIDE ATTEMPT GROUP WOULD SHOW LESS AVOIDANCE, TENSION, AND DISLIKE THAN THE SUICIDE IDEATION GROUP WAS NOT SUPPORTED. THE HYPOTHESIZED ROLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE FROM DEATH, COGNITIVE STYLE, AND THE STIMULUS PROPERTIES OF DEATH ARE DISCUSSED. (27 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIPS OF ORAL IMAGERY TO YIELDING BEHAVIOR AND BIRTH ORDER.

THE PSYCHOANALYTIC HYPOTHESIS THAT ORAL DEPENDENT PEOPLE ARE DEPENDENT AND NEED SUPPORT AND APPROVAL FROM OTHERS WAS TESTED BY COMPARING THE ORAL IMAGERY SHOWN ON THE RORSCHACH TEST OF 23 UNDERGRADUATE MALE YIELDERS AND 21 MALE NONYIELDERS IN AN ASCH CONFORMITY EXPERIMENT. AS PREDICTED, THE YIELDERS GAVE MORE ORAL DEPENDENT RESPONSES ON THE RORSCHACH THAN THE NONYIELDERS (P = .025). THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIRTH ORDER TO ORAL IMAGERY WAS ALSO EXAMINED, WITH LATER-BORN SS GIVING MORE ORAL DEPENDENT RESPONSES THAN THOSE WHO WERE 1ST-BORN OR ONLY CHILDREN (P = .05). ORAL SADISTIC RESPONSES WERE UNRELATED BOTH TO YIELDING BEHAVIOR AND TO BIRTH ORDER. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF IRRELEVANT PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI ON DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN MINIMALLY BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN.

THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MINIMALLY BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN ARE MORE DISTRACTIBLE THAN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN WAS TESTED IN A SERIES OF 3 EXPERIMENTS. EXP. I DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DISTRACTING CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI INTERFERED WITH DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED SS. IN EXP. II THE DISTRACTING CONDITION AGAIN INTERFERED WITH LEARNING IN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED SS, BUT FAILED TO HAVE THIS EFFECT WITH BRAIN-DAMAGED SS. WHEN DIFFERENCES IN IQ WERE CONTROLLED STATISTICALLY, THE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRAIN-DAMAGED AND NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED GROUPS WERE NO LONGER SIGNIFICANT. THE DISTRACTING CONDITION DID NOT INTERFERE WITH LEARNING IN A GROUP OF OLDER BRAIN-INJURED SS USED IN EXP. III. RESULTS FAILED TO SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT A TASK-IRRELEVANT DISTRACTING CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI WOULD AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAIN-INJURED SS MORE THAN THAT OF NON-BRAIN-INJURED SS. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DEFENSIVENESS AND NEED FOR APPROVAL.

NEED FOR APPROVAL (N APP) AND EXPECTANCY (EXP) OF APPROVAL VS. DISAPPROVAL WERE MANIPULATED UNDER HIGH- AND LOW-CONSEQUENCES (CON) CONDITIONS (IN A 3 * 2 * 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE DESIGN) TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DEFENSIVENESS (DEF). THE 3 N APP LEVELS WERE OBTAINED BY TRICHOTOMIZING SCORES ON THE MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE; EXP WAS MANIPULATED BY PROVIDING SS WITH EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT DURING AN INTERVIEW; CON CONSISTED OF E POSING AS A THREATENING AUTHORITY FIGURE TO 30 SS AND AS A STUDENT TO THE REMAINING 30. 3 SEPARATE DEPENDENT-VARIABLE MEASURES WERE USED: THE K SCALE, GOUGH'S DEF SCALE, AND THE ROTTER INCOMPLETE SENTENCES BLANK. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT DEF WOULD INCREASE AS A FUNCTION OF N APP, EXP OF DISAPPROVAL, AND HIGH CON. HOWEVER, SS BECAME MORE DEFENSIVE ONLY UNDER THE HIGH CON CONDITION (P     

INFLUENCE OF THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES ON COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THERAPISTS.

USED AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALOG TO COMPARE COLLEGE STUDENTS' RELATIONSHIP INVENTORY (RI) PERCEPTIONS OF THERAPISTS AS A FUNCTION OF DIRECTIVE/NONDIRECTIVE THERAPIST BEHAVIOR. RESULTS SUPPORTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT NONDIRECTIVE THERAPIST BEHAVIOR ELICITS MORE FAVORABLE PERCEPTIONS BY COLLEGE STUDENTS IN TERMS OF EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING, LEVEL OF REGARD, AND UNCONDITIONALITY OF REGARD. NO DIFFERENCES WERE OBTAINED ON CONGRUENCY, THE DIMENSION WHICH SOME CLIENT CENTERED THERAPISTS CONSIDER TO BE THE MOST IMPORTANT. THE 2ND THERAPIST OBSERVED WAS RATED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THE 1ST, INDICATING THAT ORDER EFFECTS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN EVALUATING PATIENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THERAPISTS WHEN REPEATED MEASURES ARE USED. A SEX EFFECT WAS OBTAINED ON 3 RI DIMENSIONS. IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT FEMALES MAY BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ORDER EFFECT THAN MALES. (15 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SELF-IDEAL CONCEPT CONGRUENCE AND IMPROVEMENT IN GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY.

MEASURES OBTAINED FROM 3 STUDIES OF GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY-HOSPITALIZED MENTAL PATIENTS, PSYCHONEUROTIC OUTPATIENTS, AND INSTITUTIONALIZED JUVENILE DELINQUENTS-WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE CLIENT-CENTERED HYPOTHESES THAT: (1) THERE IS A NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-IDEAL CONCEPT CONGRUENCE AND MEASURES OF ANXIETY OR MALADJUSTMENT; (2) THERE IS A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCREASES IN SELF-IDEAL CONGRUENCE AND POSITIVE THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME; AND (3) CHANGES IN SELF-IDEAL CONGRUENCE ARE MORE RELATED TO CHANGES IN SELF- THAN IN IDEAL-SELF-CONCEPTS. THE OBTAINED RESULTS SUPPORT THE 1ST 2 HYPOTHESES RELATIVELY STRONGLY WITH ALL 3 POPULATIONS. THE 3RD HYPOTHESIS IS SUPPORTED ONLY WITH OUTPATIENTS AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A STUDY OF ALTERNATION OF NORMAL AND DISTORTED VISION.

SS RESPONDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE APPARENT DISTANCE OF A TARGET, ALTERNATING BETWEEN NORMAL VISION AND MINIFICATION. CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE INDUCED BY CHANGING THE VISUAL CONDITION WERE AS MARKED AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES AS INITIALLY, PROVIDED THAT NO CURRENT FEEDBACK WAS SUPPLIED. THIS WAS TAKEN AS LACK OF SUPPORT FOR TAYLOR'S PREDICTION: THAT EFFECTS AND AFTEREFFECTS SHOULD DECLINE WITH ALTERNATION OF VISUAL CONDITIONS. CONTRARY TO THE DIFFERENTIAL CONDITIONING MODEL OF ADAPTATION, THEIR ELIMINATION APPARENTLY CONTINUES TO DEPEND ON RESPONSE-PRODUCED FEEDBACK. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PARTICULARISM AND ORGANIZATIONAL POSITION: A CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS.

THE STOUFFER-TOBY ROLE CONFLICT SCALE, MEASURING THE INSTITUTIONALIZED OBLIGATIONS OF FRIENDSHIP AS PARTICULARISM, WAS ADMINISTERED TO 230 EMPLOYEES IN 13 BANK BRANCHES IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MEXICANS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE PARTICULARISTIC THAN MEXICAN-AMERICANS, WHO ARE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE PARTICULARISTIC THAN ANGLO-AMERICANS. THE HYPOTHESIS THAT, BY ETHNIC GROUP, OFFICERS ARE LESS PARTICULARISTIC THAN LINE EMPLOYEES WAS SUPPORTED. THE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICULARISM AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THAT VALUE UPON ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ARE DISCUSSED. SOME SUGGESTIONS ARE OFFERED TO MANAGEMENT AND TO RESEARCHERS CONCERNING THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTIONS AMONG SPECIFIC VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND SPECIFIC ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS, AND CONCERNING THE IMPLICATIONS OF SUCH INTERACTIONS FOR EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRITY. (24 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SIGNAL-DETECTION PERFORMANCE BY SUBJECTS DIFFERING IN PREDISPOSITION TO DAYDREAMING.

SS REPRESENTING EXTREMES ON QUESTIONNAIRES OF PRIOR DISPOSITION TO DAYDREAMING FREQUENCY AND THOUGHTFULNESS ALSO DIFFERED IN REPORTS OF TASK-IRRELEVANT IMAGERY DURING RAPID-RATE AUDITORY SIGNAL-DETECTION SESSIONS. WHILE HIGH DAYDREAMERS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT PERFORMANCE DECREMENT OVER TIME IN GENERAL, THEY DID NOT SHOW SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DETECTION ERRORS THAN DID LOW DAYDREAMERS. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DATA OBTAINED FROM QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES ARE RELEVANT TO PERFORMANCE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL SITUATION AND ALSO SUPPORT A MODEL RELATING DAYDREAMING TRENDS TO CERTAIN PATTERNS OF PREFERENCE FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL STIMULATION EVEN UNDER RELATIVELY DEMANDING AND ALERTING CONDITIONS OF RAPID SIGNAL PRESENTATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF ROLE DEMANDS AND TEST-CUE PROPERTIES UPON PERSONALITY TEST PERFORMANCE.

FROM THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE SITUATION AFFECTS TEST PERFORMANCE BY GENERATING A SET OF ROLE DEMANDS, AN EXPERIMENT WAS DESIGNED IN WHICH 2 RANDOMLY CONSTITUTED GROUPS OF ROTC CADETS WERE ASKED TO DESCRIBE THEMSELVES ON THE SVIB AND WELSH FIGURE PREFERENCE TEST AFTER BEING EXPOSED TO IMPLICIT SOCIAL CUES INTENDED TO INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL ROLE TAKING. HIGHLY RELIABLE, ROLE-SPECIFIC RESPONSE DIFFERENCES WERE OBTAINED ON BOTH TESTS. THESE DIFFERENCES INCREASED WHEN CONTROLS FOR ACCURACY OF ROLE PERCEPTION AND FOR TEST-CUE PROPERTIES WERE INTRODUCED. THE RESULTS WERE INTERPRETED AS SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS AND AS FAVORING THE CONCLUSION THAT THE TEST SCORE REPRESENTS A TRAIT-METHOD-ROLE UNIT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

AN ENQUIRY INTO THE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ADVERTISEMENTS ON SUBSEQUENT PERCEPTION OF SIMILAR ADVERTISEMENTS.

TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT FORCED EXPOSURE TO ADVERTISING LOWERS THE THRESHOLD FOR PERCEIVING THE ADVERTISEMENTS. THE INQUIRY GAINS ITS IMPORT IN ITS RELEVANCE TO THE BASIC QUESTION: WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF CONTINUED EXPOSURE? USING 2 GROUPS, CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL, OF LATE-TEEN-AGE GIRLS, A STRAIGHTFORWARD "BEFORE-AFTER" EXPERIMENT WAS DESIGNED WHEREIN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP WAS EXPOSED TO A CERTAIN FORM OF ADVERTISING. PHASE 1 INVOLVED THE DETERMINATION OF A "PERCEPTUAL SENSITIVITY" BASE SCORE, PHASE 2 INVOLVED EXPOSING THE EXPERIMENTAL SS TO THE FORM OF ADVERTISING UNDER STUDY, AND PHASE 3 CONSISTED OF REMEASURING THE PERCEPTUAL SENSITIVITY OF BOTH GROUPS. IT WAS DEMONSTRATED THAT FORCED EXPOSURE DOES INCREASE PERCEPTIVITY. EXPERIMENTAL SS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTUAL LEVEL FROM CONTROLS WHEN REMEASURED IN PHASE 3. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THE NATURE OF THE STIMULUS IN PRIMARY STIMULUS GENERALIZATION.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT S MAY MAKE A DISCRIMINATIVE RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS BUT THE DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS MIGHT DIFFER DEPENDING UPON THE S . CHILDREN WERE REINFORCED FOR RESPONDING TO AN SD (A 10-IN BLACK SQUAR) AND NONREINFORCED FOR RESPONDING TO ARE S . IN THE 1ST 2 CONDITIONS THE S LACKED FORM OR CONTOUR. IN THE REMAINING 2 CONDITIONS THE S CONTAINED CONTOUR. HERE, THE S WAS A 9-IN BLACK EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE OR A 4-IN LIGHT GREY SQUARE. FOLLOWING DISCRIMINATION TRAINING, SS WERE PRESENTED WITH GENERALIZATION STIMULI THAT VARIED ALONG A SIZE DIMENSION FROM THE S . STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DECREASING GRADIENTS WERE OBTAINED ONLY UNDER THOSE CONDITIONS IN WHICH THE S CONTAINED CONTOUR. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A DEVELOPMENTAL LOOK AT THE USEFULNESS OF LIST CATEGORIZATION AS AN AID TO FREE RECALL.

60 LITERATE SS AND 24 PRESCHOOL SS WERE TESTED FOR IMMEDIATE FREE RECALL OF 4 LISTS DIFFERING IN DEGREE OF CONCEPT CATEGORY RELATEDNESS IN 2 SEPARATE BUT RELATED EXPERIMENTS. 2 LISTS OF WORDS BELONGING TO THE SAME CONCEPT CATEGORY (HIC) AND 2 LISTS OF "UNRELATED" WORDS (LOC) WERE PRESENTED USING A LATIN SQUARE DESIGN. HYPOTHESIS I, THAT PRESCHOOL SS WOULD SHOW MINIMAL DIFFERENCE IN THEIR RECALL OF HIC AND LOC LISTS, WAS PARTLY UPHELD, AND HENCE ONLY EQUIVOCAL SUPPORT FOR PIAGET'S THEORY RELATED TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AT THE PRESCHOOL LEVEL IS FORTHCOMING. HYPOTHESIS II, THAT ELDERLY SS WOULD SHOW SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER DISPARITY BETWEEN MEAN RECALL LEVELS OF HIC AND LOC LISTS THAN WOULD YOUNG ADULTS, WAS UPHELD. THIS FINDING WAS EVALUATED IN TERMS OF THEORIES CONCERNING GROWING INFLEXIBILITY IN THE INTELLECTUAL PROCESSES OF THE ELDERLY. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (17 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CHANGES IN OLFACTORY AND GUSTATORY SENSITIVITY AFTER PROLONGED VISUAL DEPRIVATION.

SS, PLACED IN DARKNESS FOR A WK. BUT OTHERWISE EXPOSED TO A NORMAL AND VARIED SENSORY ENVIRONMENT, SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN OLFACTORY SENSITIVITY. THE MEASURES OF GUSTATORY THRESHOLDS YIELDED A DIFFERENTIAL PATTERN OF RESULTS. SENSITIVITY TO NACL AND SUCROSE WAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH THE AFTEREFFECTS PERSISTING FOR 1 DAY AFTER RESTORATION OF NORMAL VISUAL STIMULATION. SENSITIVITY TO HCL AND QUININE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED. THE RESULTS ARE INTERPRETED AS PROVIDING EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT FOR A SENSORISTATIC MODEL RECENTLY FORMULATED BY SCHULTZ. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATION OF MOOD AND HYPNOTIZABILITY: AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATE VERSUS TRAIT DISTINCTION.

TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT AFFECT STATES JUST PRIOR TO HYPNOSIS INDUCTION ARE RELATED TO SUBSEQUENT HYPNOTIZABILITY, WHILE AFFECT TRAITS ARE NOT. THE MULTIPLE AFFECT ADJECTIVE CHECKLIST (MAACL), AN AFFECT-STATE TEST, WAS GIVEN TO SS JUST PRIOR TO HYPNOSIS. MMPI AFFECT-TRAIT MEASURES WERE GIVEN AFTER HYPNOSIS. HOSTILITY STATE (MAACL) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY AND NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH HYPNOTIZABILITY IN 3 RUNS OF SS TESTED IN SMALL, HIGHLY MOTIVATED GROUPS. DEPRESSION STATE WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH HYPNOTIZABILITY IN 2 OF THE RUNS, AND ANXIETY STATE WAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED IN 1. AFFECT-STATE MEASURES WERE UNRELATED TO HYPNOTIZABILITY IN A LARGE, LESS MOTIVATED GROUP. AFFECT-TRAIT MEASURES AND OTHER TRAIT MEASURES FROM THE MMPI WERE UNRELATED TO HYPNOTIZABILITY. THE RESULTS SHOW THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATE VS. TRAIT DISTINCTION IN THE PREDICTION OF HYPNOTIC BEHAVIOR AND HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR OTHER AREAS OF PREDICTION. (2 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VISION AND KINESTHESIS IN THE ACQUISITION OF TYPEWRITING SKILL.

266 SS AT TYPING SKILL LEVELS FROM 9-108 WPM TYPED FROM ORDINARY PROSE UNDER VISUAL AND NONVISUAL CONDITIONS, UNDER INSTRUCTIONS TO INDICATE WHEN THEY SENSED HAVING MADE AN ERROR. RESULTS CONFIRMED THE HYPOTHESIS OF A SWIFT RISE IN KINESTHETIC DEPENDABILITY FROM LOW LEVELS AMONG BEGINNING TYPISTS BUT SHOWED A PLATEAU FROM INTERMEDIATE THROUGH EXPERT LEVELS OF SKILL; AN R OF .36 WAS FOUND BETWEEN KINESTHETIC DEPENDABILITY AND SKILL LEVEL. KINESTHETIC FEEDBACK WAS AT SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LEVELS THAN ALL-SENSES FEEDBACK THROUGHOUT THE RANGE OF TYPING SKILL, WHILE DEPRIVATION OF VISION HAD NO EFFECTS ON SPEED BUT RESULTED IN LARGE AND SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN ERRORS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THE FREE USE OF VISION IN EARLY STAGES OF LEARNING TO TYPEWRITE, AS CONTRASTED WITH THE CONVENTIONAL INSISTENCE ON SO-CALLED "TOUCH" OPERATION AT THE START. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DRIVER GAP ACCEPTANCE AT INTERSECTIONS.

TO SEEK A REALISTIC THEORY OF DRIVER GAP ACCEPTANCE, THE GAP LIMEN WAS INVESTIGATED BY THE METHOD OF CONSTANT STIMULI. IN A FIELD-TEST SITUATION, DRIVERS WERE EXPOSED TO AN APPROACHING VEHICLE FOR A 1-SEC INTERVAL AT VARIOUS TIMES DURING ITS APPROACH AT SPEEDS OF 16, 32, 48, AND 64 MPH. ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT DRIVERS ACCEPT A GAP EQUAL TO 5.4 TIMES THE APPROACH-VEHICLE VELOCITY. THE OBTAINED FUNCTION MOST NEARLY SUPPORTS A TIME HYPOTHESIS OF DRIVER GAP ACCEPTANCE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG GRADUATE STUDENTS: INTRINSIC VERSUS EXTRINSIC VARIABLES.

CONDUCTED A SURVEY OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG GRADUATE STUDENTS. A MAJOR SOURCE OF DISSATISFACTION WAS STUDENT VOICE IN INFLUENCING DEPARTMENT POLICY. WHEN THE RESPONSES WERE FACTOR ANALYZED, 1ST- AND 2ND-ORDER FACTORS DID NOT INDICATE AN INTRINSIC OR EXTRINSIC DIMENSION, NOR DID THE FINDINGS SUPPORT A 2-FACTOR THEORY OF JOB SATISFACTION. FURTHERMORE, THE ALTERNATIVE TO THE 2-FACTOR THEORY, I.E., THAT INTRINSIC VARIABLES ARE MORE IMPORTANTLY RELATED TO MEASURES OF OVERALL SATISFACTION, WAS NOT SUPPORTED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT BOTH THE 2-FACTOR THEORY AND ITS ALTERNATIVE ARE OVERSIMPLIFICATIONS. (29 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONALITY, DRUG EFFECTS, AND AVOIDANCE RESPONSES IN TRYON S1 AND S3 STRAINS.

WHETHER DRUGS WILL RAISE OR LOWER PERFORMANCE UNDER STRESS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO DEPEND IN PART UPON THE S'S EMOTIONALITY. AFTER SHOWING THAT THE TRYON S1 STRAIN WAS MORE EMOTIONAL THAN THE S3 (AS MEASURED IN THE OPEN FIELD) AND THAT MALES OF EACH STRAIN WERE MORE EMOTIONAL THAN THEIR RESPECTIVE FEMALES, THE AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR OF THESE SS UNDER PLACEBO OR 20 OR 40 MG/KG OF AMOBARBITAL WAS SHOWN TO RELATE TO THE EMOTIONALITY DIFFERENCES. REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE COMPARISON IS BETWEEN STRAINS OR SEXES, AT A MODERATE DOSAGE LEVEL THE HIGH EMOTIONAL GROUPS EMITTED MORE CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE RESPONSES (CARS) THAN LOW EMOTIONALS; AT A RELATIVELY HEAVY DOSAGE, THE DECREASE IN NUMBER OF CARS WAS MORE APPARENT IN THE LOW EMOTIONAL SS. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT REGARDLESS OF THEIR SOURCE THE EMOTIONAL DIFFERENCES TEND TO RELATE TO DIFFERENTIAL DRUG EFFECTS IN A CONSISTENT AND PREDICTABLE MANNER. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EXPERIMENTAL STRESS AND LEARNING IN THE AGED.

SERIAL ROTE VERBAL LEARNING UNDER FAST (4 SEC.) AND SLOW (10 SEC.) PACING WAS ADMINISTERED TO 6 GROUPS OF AGED MEN OVER 60 (MEAN AGE = 67.8, N = 54) UNDER 3 LEVELS OF EXPERIMENTAL STRESS. MAXIMAL EFFECTS OF INDUCED STRESS INCLUDING RESPONSE INHIBITION WERE PREDICTED FOR SLOWER PACING. RESULTS CONFIRMED THE HYPOTHESIS AND SUGGEST THAT THE INCREASED LEARNING AND RESPONSIVITY OF AGED SS WITH LONGER EXPOSURE DURATION MAY BE A FUNCTION OF ANXIETY REDUCTION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)