INTERVIEW INTERACTION OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS.

RESEARCH WITH QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES IN THE INTERVIEW HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT INTERVIEWEE VERBAL PATTERNS CAN BE MODIFIED BY MANIPULATION OF INTERVIEWER VERBAL PATTERNS. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSORS, HAVING IDIOSYNCRATIC RESPONSE STYLES, WOULD AS INTERVIEWERS DIFFER IN THEIR BEHAVIOR AND THAT THESE DIFFERENCES WOULD RESULT IN DIFFERENT VERBAL BEHAVIOR BY THEIR RESPECTIVE INTERVIEWEES. REPRESSOR, SENSITIZER, AND NEUTRAL INTERVIEWERS WERE PAIRED WITH NEUTRAL INTERVIEWEES IN A 15-MIN INTERVIEW. SENSITIZER INTERVIEWERS TOOK MORE OF AN ACTIVE ROLE, AND THEIR INTERVIEWEES LESS THAN THAT OF REPRESSORS AND NEUTRALS. THE EFFECT OF INTERVIEWER PERSONALITY ON INTERVIEWER AND INTERVIEWEE SPEECH, AND THE ROLE OF INTERVIEW STRUCTURE ARE DISCUSSED. (16 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

TOLERANCE OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS TO NOXIOUS STIMULATION.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT SENSITIZERS WOULD APPROACH AND REPRESSORS AVOID PROLONGATION OF PHYSICALLY AVERSIVE STIMULATION. THE DISTRIBUTION OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCORES FOR 84 MALES AND 116 FEMALES WAS SEPARATELY DIVIDED INTO QUARTILES FOR BOTH SEXES. 4 LEVELS OF SHOCK WERE DETERMINED: RECOGNITION, MODERATELY AVERSIVE, PAIN AVERSIVE, AND ENCOURAGED AVERSIVE. RESULTS SUGGEST, CONTRARY TO PREDICTION, THAT MALE SENSITIZERS AVOID AND REPRESSORS APPROACH PAINFUL STIMULI. HOWEVER, BOTH FEMALE REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS TEND TO AVOID NOXIOUS STIMULATION AS COMPARED WITH THE MIDDLE QUARTILES. THE CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE LEVEL AND SOCIAL ACQUIESCENCE ARE USED IN INTERPRETING THESE RESULTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

REPORTS OF EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE BY SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSORS DURING AN INTERVIEW TRANSACTION.

IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT SENSITIZERS WILL REPORT NEGATIVE EMOTION MORE FREQUENTLY THAN REPRESSORS AND REPRESSORS MORE POSITIVE MATERIAL THAN SENSITIZERS. 10 SENSITIZERS AND 10 REPRESSORS WERE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR EXTREME HIGH AND LOW REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION SCORES; EACH S INDICATED EMOTIONALITY BY PRESSING AN AUDITORY SIGNAL APPARATUS WHILE AN INTERVIEW WAS IN PROGRESS. THE VERBAL RESPONSE SURROUNDING THE SIGNAL WAS CODED, AND IT WAS FOUND THAT SENSITIZERS ENDORSED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE NEGATIVE AFFECT THAN THE REPRESSORS. THE REPRESSOR INDICATED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE POSITIVE MATERIAL THAN THE SENSITIZER, SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIZED RELATIONSHIPS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERCEPTION OF AND REACTION TO AMBIGUITY BY REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS: A CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY STUDY.

EXAMINED (1) WHETHER BYRNE'S (SEE 37:2) CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCALE AS A MEASURE OF THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION CONSTRUCT COULD BE VALIDATED WITH EXPERIMENTALLY DEFINED MEASURES, PERCEPTUAL RATINGS OF AMBIGUITY AND RESPONSE LATENCIES, AND (2) WHETHER DIFFERENTIAL EGO INVOLVEMENT WOULD AUGMENT THE DEFENSIVE MODES OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS. STRUCTURED VERBAL AND UNSTRUCTURED PERCEPTUAL STIMULUS DIMENSIONS WERE USED, AND WITHIN EACH, 2 LEVELS OF EGO INVOLVEMENT WERE ATTEMPTED BY VARYING STIMULUS MATERIALS AND INSTRUCTIONAL SET. THE EGO INVOLVEMENT HYPOTHESIS WAS NOT SUPPORTED, BUT SENSITIZERS PRODUCED MUCH LONGER RESPONSE LATENCIES THAN EITHER REPRESSORS OR NEUTRALS. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS FINDING FOR A THEORY OF PERCEPTUAL TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY AND THE VALIDITY OF THE R-S SCALE ARE DISCUSSED. (23 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT TASK CUES UPON PERSONALITY TEST PERFORMANCE.

ROLE-TAKING RESPONSES TO SITUATIONAL REQUIREMENTS HAS BEEN OBSERVED AS A FUNCTION OF IMPLICIT SOCIAL CUES. THIS EFFORT AS A FUNCTION OF EXPLICIT CUES (TASK INSTRUCTION) WAS STUDIED WITH 64 MALE STUDENTS ASKED TO IMITATE THE RESPONSES OF A MILITARY OFFICER (MO) AND A CREATIVE ARTIST (CA), ON THE SVIB AND THE WELSH FIGURE PREFERENCE TEST. CAS WERE GIVEN INAPPROPRIATE INSTRUCTIONS, IMPLICIT CUES. IT WAS PREDICTED AND SUPPORTED THAT MOS WOULD ENACT THE MO ROLE MORE EFFECTIVELY THAN CAS. THE RELIABILITY AND MAGNITUDE OF ROLE-TAKING EFFECT INDUCED BY IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT CUES ARE DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARISON OF OPERATOR PERFORMANCE ON A TRACKING TASK USING DISCRETELY AND CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE CONTROLS.

EXTENDS COMPARISON OF OPERATOR PERFORMANCES USING DISCRETELY AND CONTINUOUSLY VARYING CONTROLS TO ACQUISITION TASKS, AND COMPARES THE EASE WITH WHICH SS MASTERED THE 2 CONTROLS. 2 GROUPS OF 12 SS EACH LEARNED 1 CONTROL TO A STABLE LEVEL, THEN TRANSFERRED TO THE OTHER, WHICH WAS ALSO PRACTICED TO A STABLE LEVEL. THE DISCRETELY VARIABLE CONTROL WAS HARDER TO MASTER AND HARDER TO CHANGE OVER TO. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STABLE VALUES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERFORMANCE GOALS AS DETERMINANTS OF LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AND BOREDOM.

2 PILOT STUDIES AND 4 EXPERIMENTS ARE REPORTED DEALING WITH THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE GOALS TO LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AND DEGREE OF BOREDOM OR INTEREST IN THE TASK. TASKS USED INCLUDED SIMPLE ADDITION, PERCEPTUAL SPEED, AND PSYCHOMOTOR COORDINATION. TRIAL TIMES RANGED FROM 2 MIN-2 HR. IN THE 2 PILOT STUDIES POSTEXPERIMENTAL GOAL DESCRIPTIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO PERFORMANCE LEVEL, AND SS INDICATED THAT TRYING FOR A SPECIFIC GOAL OR SCORE WAS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF TASK INTEREST. IN THE 4 EXPERIMENTS A SPECIFIC HARD GOAL LED TO A HIGHER LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AND MORE TASK INTEREST THAN A GOAL OF "DO YOUR BEST." THERE WAS NO CONSISTENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGES IN BOREDOM OR INTEREST AND CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. (20 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

GROUP PLANNING AND TASK EFFICIENCY.

60 4-MAN GROUPS USING 2 TYPES OF NET (ALL-CHANNEL AND CIRCLE) UNDER PLANNING PERIOD (PP) AND CONTROL CONDITIONS WERE RUN IN A SINGLE SESSION WITH 20 SIMPLE PROBLEMS TO DETERMINE WHETHER A SINGLE 2-MIN PLANNING PERIOD AFTER SOLUTION OF THE 1ST PROBLEM WOULD SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE GROUP PERFORMANCE ON SUBSEQUENT PROBLEMS. RESULTS INDICATE ALL-CHANNEL PP WOMEN WERE SUPERIOR ON SPEED AND MESSAGES TO THEIR CONTROLS, AND ALL-CHANNEL PP MEN MADE FEWER ERRORS. RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE LIMITED PLANNING PERIOD IS BENEFICIAL. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SKILL VERSUS CHANCE ACTIVITY PREFERENCE AND LOCUS OF CONTROL.

BELIEF IN PERSONAL CONTROL HAS RECEIVED EXTENSIVE EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FROM ROTTER'S INTERNAL-EXTERNAL (I-E) LOCUS OF CONTROL OF REINFORCEMENT SCALE. ATTEMPTED TO PROVIDE FURTHER CONSTRUCT VALIDATION OF THE I-E SCALE BY MEANS OF AN S'S EXPRESSED PREFERENCES FOR PARTICIPATION IN SKILL VS. CHANCE ACTIVITIES. 73 STUDENTS WERE GIVEN ROTTER'S FORCED-CHOICE REVISION OF THE I-E SCALE AND A FORCED-CHOICE ACTIVITY PREFERENCE SCALE COMPOSED OF PAIRS OF SKILL AND CHANCE ACTIVITIES. THE HYPOTHESIZED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED INTERNAL CONTROL AND SKILL ACTIVITY PREFERENCES AND BETWEEN PERCEIVED EXTERNAL CONTROL AND CHANCE PREFERENCES WAS STRONGLY SUPPORTED FOR MALES, BUT NOT FEMALES. THE USE OF THE SKILL-CHANCE DIMENSION IS SUGGESTED AS A POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE MEASURE OF LOCUS OF CONTROL FOR MALES. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于冶金企业设备备件性能价格比的探讨

分析了冶金企业开展设备备件性能价格比工作的背景,介绍了开展设备备件性价比工作的模式,对设备备件性价比工作中存在的问题进行了探讨.     

TASK AND INTERACTION PROCESS: SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THERAPEUTIC GROUP DISCUSSION.

"The weekly discussions of four therapy groups were recorded by the method of interaction process analysis… . Analysis of quantified records confirms the predictions that in therapy groups there is no consistent progress from orientation through evaluation to control within single meetings, and that there is a tendency to keep disturbance at a certain level." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

REPETITIVE TASK FAILURE AND SOCIOMETRIC CHOICE.

"This study was designed to study two predictions: a) that if failing-persons' expectations of a failing choice of a successful-person were made ambiguous, their choices would shift from choices among each other to choices of successful-persons, and b) that in sequences of tasks and grouping choices, task success is initially dominant over choice success motivation." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

石钢高炉炉渣冶金性能的试验研究及实践

介绍了石钢条件下,高炉炉渣成分对炉渣粘度及脱硫能力的影响,找出了合理的操作炉渣成分.简述了试验结论的应用效果.     

THE EFFECTS OF VERBAL REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ATTAINMENT OF SIZE CONSTANCY.

THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF VERBAL REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS IN CHANGING BEHAVIOR WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE CONTEXT OF A SIZE JUDGMENT TASK IN WHICH REDUCED CUES NORMALLY LED TO RETINAL RATHER THAN OBJECTIVE SIZE JUDGMENTS. SS RATED THE DEGREE OF MATCH IN PHYSICAL SIZE BETWEEN A STANDARD AND SET OF COMPARISON STIMULI IN 60 TRAINING TRIALS. EACH GROUP RECEIVED EITHER (1) POSITIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT FOR CORRECT RATINGS, (2) INSTRUCTIONS EMPHASIZING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE ACTUAL AND APPARENT PHYSICAL SIZES OF OBJECTS, (3) BOTH REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS, OR (4) NEITHER REINFORCEMENT NOR INSTRUCTIONS. SS WERE THEN TESTED FOR ATTAINMENT OF SIZE CONSTANCY IN THE SAME VIEWING SITUATION FOR BOTH SIZE AND DISTANCE JUDGMENTS USING A METHOD OF ADJUSTMENT. IN BOTH TRAINING AND THE TESTS FOR SIZE CONSTANCY, THE GROUP RECEIVING BOTH INSTRUCTION AND REINFORCEMENT WAS SUPERIOR; REINFORCEMENT ALONE APPEARED TO HAVE NO EFFECT UPON JUDGMENTS WHILE INSTRUCTION ALONE DID. THE RESULTS SUPPORT A COGNITIVE VIEW OF THE FUNCTION OF REINFORCEMENT IN COMPLEX HUMAN LEARNING AND DEMONSTRATE THE NEED FOR FURTHER CONCEPTUALIZATION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF INSTRUCTION IN THE MODIFICATION OF BEHAVIOR. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF PERCENTAGE AND SPECIFICITY OF FEEDBACK ON CHOICE BEHAVIOR IN A PROBABILISTIC INFORMATION-PROCESSING TASK.

STUDIED PROFICIENCY IN CHOOSING THE BETTER OF 2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION AS A FUNCTION OF 3 VARIABLES: PERCENTAGE FEEDBACK, SPECIFICITY OF FEEDBACK, AND DIFFICULTY OF DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN SOURCES. 210 SS PERFORMED 200 TRIALS UNDER 1 OF 21 CONDITIONS. THE INFORMATION POOL WAS 2 DISTINCT DISTRIBUTIONS OF NUMBERS FROM WHICH RANDOM SELECTIONS WERE MADE AND DISPLAYED AS READINGS ON A PAIR OF METERS. ONLY 1 READING WAS SHOWN PER TRIAL, AND S JUDGED WHETHER IT OR THE OTHER METER READING (NOT SHOWN) WAS HIGHER. CHOICES COULD BE BASED UPON BOTH THE MOMENTARY STATE OF 1 METER AND FAMILIARITY WITH THE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM WHICH INFORMATION WAS DRAWN. PERCENTAGE FEEDBACK HAD NO INFLUENCE ON ACQUISITION OR PERFORMANCE; PARADOXICALLY, A SPECIFICITY EFFECT APPEARED WHEN FEEDBACK WAS PROVIDED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND PREDICTION OF SELF-DESCRIPTIVE BEHAVIOR: RESPONSE VERSUS SITUATIONAL CUE VARIABLES.

INVESTIGATED THE PERFORMANCE OF REPRESSORS, SENSITIZERS, AND NEUTRALS IN THE BEHAVIOR-PREDICTION PARADIGM. REPRESSOR, SENSITIZER, AND NEUTRAL JUDGES PREDICTED THE GOUGH-HEILBRUN ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST RESPONSES OF A NEUTRAL TARGET ON THE BASIS OF BOTH MINIMAL AND MAXIMAL INFORMATION. THE ACCURACY OF NEUTRAL JUDGES INCREASED WITH ADDED INFORMATION; REPRESSOR AND SENSITIZER ACCURACY DECREASED. ADDED INFORMATION DID NOT HAVE A DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT UPON THE ACCURACY OR PATTERN OF RESPONSE CHANGE OF REPRESSORS COMPARED TO SENSITIZERS. FINDINGS WERE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF RESPONSE AND SITUATIONAL DETERMINANTS IN BEHAVIOR PREDICTION, THE EFFECT OF ADDED INFORMATION UPON ACCURACY, THE EFFECT OF ADDED INFORMATION UPON CHANGE OF RESPONSE, AND THE RELATION OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION TO ADJUSTMENT. (27 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF SIGNAL AND STIMULUS RATES ON VIGILANCE PERFORMANCE.

INVESTIGATED THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF CRITICAL SIGNAL RATE, NORMAL NONCRITICAL SIGNAL RATE, AND CRITICAL SIGNAL PROBABILITY ON DETECTION IN A VISUAL VIGILANCE TASK. 72 COLLEGE SS MONITORED A CLOCK DISPLAY FOR 54 MIN. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT NORMAL SIGNAL RATE MAY BE OF GREATER IMPORTANCE IN A VIGILANCE SITUATION THAN EITHER CRITICAL SIGNAL RATE OR CRITICAL SIGNAL PROBABILITY. IN GENERAL, BOTH PERCENTAGE OF DETECTIONS AND PERCENTAGE OF STIMULI FALSELY RESPONDED TO WERE INVERSELY RELATED TO NORMAL SIGNAL PRESENTATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION AS A FUNCTION OF INDIVIDUAL-ENVIRONMENT FIT.

RESEARCH IS REVIEWED WHICH TREATS PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION AS A FUNCTION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THOSE OF THE INTERPERSONAL AND NONINTERPERSONAL ENVIRONMENTS. RELEVANT THEORETICAL POSITIONS ARE CONSIDERED. ALTERNATIVE MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIONS OR TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND ENVIRONMENTS ARE DISCUSSED. THE CONCLUSION POINTS TO 3 QUESTIONS: SHOULD ONE CONSIDER THE PERCEIVED OR ACTUAL ENVIRONMENT? WHAT UNITS SHOULD BE USED AND SHOULD THESE BE THE SAME UNITS OF ANALYSIS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND ENVIRONMENTS? WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN INDIVIDUAL ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS? (3 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTIVENESS OF ADULT AND PEER REINFORCEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INSTITUTIONALIZED AND NONINSTITUTIONALIZED RETARDATES.

20 INSTITUTIONALIZED AND 20 NONINSTITUTIONALIZED FAMILIAL RETARDATES OF COMPARABLE MA AND CA (13 YR.) WERE SOCIALLY REINFORCED BY EITHER A PEER OR AN ADULT ON A SIMPLE 2-PART SATIATION TASK. ADULT REINFORCEMENT WAS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN PEER REINFORCEMENT FOR THE INSTITUTIONALIZED SS AND VICE VERSA FOR THE NONINSTITUTIONALIZED. THE GENERALITY OF THE FREQUENTLY NOTED WARINESS OR FEARFULNESS OF SS WAS ALSO EXAMINED. INSTITUTIONALIZED SS WERE MORE WARY THAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED SS IN BOTH CONDITIONS. FINDINGS ARE INTERPRETED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PARTICULAR LIFE HISTORIES OF INSTITUTIONALIZED AND NONINSTITUTIONALIZED RETARDATES. (23 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONS, ELICITATIONS, AND REINFORCEMENTS IN THE MANIPULATION OF AFFECTIVE VERBAL BEHAVIOR.

BANDURA HAS SUGGESTED THAT SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS TO EMIT A VERBAL OPERANT WOULD BE SUPERIOR TO THE USUAL REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY PROCEDURE IN INCREASING VERBAL RESPONSE RATE. THE RESULTS FOR 56 FEMALE AND 14 MALE UNDERGRADUATES INDICATE THAT THE INSTRUCTION GROUPS OF SS ACHIEVED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATES FOR BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL WORDS THAN THE REINFORCEMENT GROUPS SUPPORTING BANDURA'S PREDICTION. THE ELICITATION GROUP ALSO EXCEEDED THE REINFORCEMENT GROUP IN THE EMISSION OF NEGATIVE AFFECT WORDS. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT VERBAL BEHAVIOR CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY MANIPULATED BY PROCEDURES OTHER THAN THE USUAL VERBAL CONDITIONING METHODS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)