TASK PERFORMANCE OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS UNDER EGO-ORIENTED VERSUS TASK-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS.

SS WERE 40 REPRESSORS AND 40 SENSITIZERS. REPRESSORS SOLVED FEWER ANAGRAMS WHEN GIVEN EGO-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS THAN WHEN GIVEN TASK-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS. IN VIEW OF THE FINDINGS THAT SENSITIZERS ARE MORE EFFECTUAL PEOPLE UNDER EGO-ORIENTED CONDITIONS, IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO REVISE THE CONCEPTION THAT REPRESSORS ARE BETTER ADJUSTED THAN SENSITIZERS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

OUTER-DIRECTEDNESS IN THE DISCRIMINATION LEARNING OF NORMAL AND MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN.

HIGH- AND LOW-DISTRACTIBLE RETARDATES OF MIXED ETIOLOGY AND NORMALS OF A COMPARABLE MA LEARNED A 3-CHOICE SIZE DISCRIMINATION WITH AND WITHOUT AN ADDITIONAL CUE. FOR 1/2 OF THE SS IN THE CUE CONDITIONS THE CUE ALWAYS INDICATED THE CORRECT STIMULUS, AND FOR THE OTHER 1/2 THE CUE INDICATED AN INCORRECT STIMULUS. FOR 1/2 OF THE SS IN EACH OF THE CUE CONDITIONS THE CUE WAS E'S FINGER, FOR THE OTHER 1/2 THE CUE WAS A LIGHT. THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RETARDATES ARE MORE OUTER-DIRECTED IN PROBLEM SOLVING THAN NORMALS GENERATED THE PREDICTION THAT THE LEARNING OF THE RETARDATES WOULD BE MORE ENHANCED IN THE POSITIVE CONDITION AND MORE DEBILITATED IN THE NEGATIVE CONDITIONS. CONFIRMATION OF THIS HYPOTHESIS WAS FOUND IN THE NEGATIVE CONDITIONS. NO DIFFERENCES ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE OF CUE OR LEVEL OF DISTRACTIBILITY WERE FOUND. FAMILIAL RETARDATES WERE FOUND TO BE LESS OUTER-DIRECTED IN THEIR PROBLEM SOLVING THAN WERE NONFAMILIAL RETARDATES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND PHYSICAL ILLNESS.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT BOTH SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSERS EXCEED THOSE INDIVIDUALS FALLING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF ILLNESSES. EXP. I UTILIZED 2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES OF UNDERGRADUATES (N = 173 AND 319) WHO WERE GIVEN THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCALE AND A HEALTH SURVEY. THERE WAS NO SUPPORT FOR THE CURVILINEARITY HYPOTHESIS, BUT ON 12 HEALTH ITEMS IN BOTH SAMPLES, SENSITIZERS INDICATED GREATER FREQUENCY AND/OR SEVERITY OF ILLNESS THAN DID REPRESSERS. IN THE EXP. II A SUBSAMPLE OF 85 EXTREME SCORERS ON THE R-S SCALE FROM A POOL OF 319 SS WERE COMPARED WITH RESPECT TO THE NUMBER OF VISITS MADE TO THE UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTER DURING 1 ACADEMIC YR. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE INDICATED THAT MALE SENSITIZERS DO IN FACT SEEK MEDICAL HELP SIGNIFICANTLY MORE FREQUENTLY THAN MALE REPRESSERS; FOR FEMALES, HEALTH CENTER VISITS WERE UNRELATED TO R-S SCORES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INTERVIEW INTERACTION OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS.

RESEARCH WITH QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES IN THE INTERVIEW HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT INTERVIEWEE VERBAL PATTERNS CAN BE MODIFIED BY MANIPULATION OF INTERVIEWER VERBAL PATTERNS. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSORS, HAVING IDIOSYNCRATIC RESPONSE STYLES, WOULD AS INTERVIEWERS DIFFER IN THEIR BEHAVIOR AND THAT THESE DIFFERENCES WOULD RESULT IN DIFFERENT VERBAL BEHAVIOR BY THEIR RESPECTIVE INTERVIEWEES. REPRESSOR, SENSITIZER, AND NEUTRAL INTERVIEWERS WERE PAIRED WITH NEUTRAL INTERVIEWEES IN A 15-MIN INTERVIEW. SENSITIZER INTERVIEWERS TOOK MORE OF AN ACTIVE ROLE, AND THEIR INTERVIEWEES LESS THAN THAT OF REPRESSORS AND NEUTRALS. THE EFFECT OF INTERVIEWER PERSONALITY ON INTERVIEWER AND INTERVIEWEE SPEECH, AND THE ROLE OF INTERVIEW STRUCTURE ARE DISCUSSED. (16 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN MMPI EGO STRENGTH: AN ARTIFACT.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE LOWER EGO STRENGTH (ES) SCORES OF WOMEN WERE NOT A FUNCTION OF A GENERAL TENDENCY FOR WOMEN TO ADMIT TO MORE PATHOLOGY THAN MEN BUT RATHER WERE DUE TO A NUMBER OF ITEMS ON THE SCALE WHICH SEEMED TO MEASURE SEX-ROLE IDENTIFICATION. AN ITEM ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT THE ES DIFFERENCES WERE A FUNCTION OF A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ITEMS WHICH IN MOST CASES WERE RELATED TO SEX ROLE. ES SCORES SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED SPEED OF RESPONSE TO PSYCHOTHERAPY. WHEN THE TESTS WERE RESCORED WITHOUT THE ITEMS TO WHICH MEN AND WOMEN HAD RESPONDED DIFFERENTIALLY, THE MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN ES WERE CANCELED OUT, BUT THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF ES IN REGARD TO PSYCHOTHERAPY WAS NOT AFFECTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ACCEPTANCE AND ADJUSTMENT, REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE.

SS WERE 40 MALADJUSTED MALE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED ON A PSYCHIATRIC WARD AND 40 ADJUSTED MALE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED ON A MEDICAL SURGICAL WARD. THE MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC GROUPS WERE EACH COMPOSED OF EQUAL SUBGROUPS OF LOW- AND HIGH-COMPETENCE REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS. ALL SS COMPLETED A SOCIAL DESIRABILITY MINIMIZED Q-SORT FOR "REAL SELF" AND FOR "IDEAL SELF." RESULTS SHOWED THAT SELF-ACCEPTANCE AS EXPRESSED IN A SELF-IDEAL DISCREPANCY SCORE IS SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO THE DEFENSIVE-STYLE CONTINUUM OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION, WITH REPRESSORS EXPRESSING SIGNIFICANTLY SMALLER SELF-IDEAL DISCREPANCIES THAN SENSITIZERS. NO RELATIONSHIP WAS FOUND BETWEEN SELF-ACCEPTANCE AND THE DIMENSIONS OF ADJUSTMENT OR SOCIAL COMPETENCE. (33 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INCONGRUENCIES BETWEEN CONTENT AND TEMPORAL MEASURES OF PATIENTS' RESPONSES TO CONFRONTATION WITH PERSONALITY DESCRIPTIONS.

IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT WHEN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS WERE CONFRONTED WITH AN INTERVIEWER'S STATEMENTS PURPORTEDLY DESCRIBING THEIR PERSONALITIES (1) THEY WOULD NOT CORRECTLY DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ACCURATE AND INACCURATE STATEMENTS ABOUT THEMSELVES, (2) STATEMENTS ATTRIBUTING SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR TO THEM WOULD BE RATED AS BEING MORE ACCURATE THAN LOW SOCIAL DESIRABILITY STATEMENTS, AND (3) DIFFERENCES IN THE ACCURACY AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERVIEWER'S STATEMENTS WOULD DIFFERENTIALLY INFLUENCE TEMPORAL MEASURES OF THE SS' VERBAL BEHAVIOR. SS' RATINGS OF THE INTERVIEWER'S STATEMENTS, WHICH WERE EXPERIMENTALLY VARIED IN ACCURACY AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, AND TEMPORAL MEASURES OF THE SS' DESCRIPTIONS OF THEIR REACTIONS TO THE STATEMENTS PROVIDED DEPENDENT MEASURES. ACCURACY RATINGS SUGGESTED THAT THE SS DID NOT DISCRIMINATE ON THE DIMENSION OF ACCURACY BUT, IN CONTRADICTION TO THIS FINDING, DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF TEMPORAL RESPONSE INDICATED THAT THEY HAD DISCRIMINATED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

TAT CORRELATES OF EXECUTIVE PERFORMANCE.

THE TAT WAS USED TO MEASURE N ACHIEVEMENT, N AFFILIATION, N POWER, N AUTONOMY, N AGGRESSION, AND N DEFERENCE IN 2 GROUPS OF SS. THE 1ST GROUP CONSISTED OF MORE SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS EXECUTIVES, THE 2ND OF LESS SUCCESSFUL ONES. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED, LARGELY FROM THE WORK OF HENRY AND MCCLELLAND, THAT THE SUCCESSFUL GROUP WOULD HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER SCORES THAN THE LESS SUCCESSFUL GROUP IN N ACHIEVEMENT, N POWER, AND N AUTONOMY; WHEREAS THE LESS SUCCESSFUL EXECUTIVES WOULD HAVE HIGHER SCORES IN N AFFILIATION, N AGGRESSION, AND N DEFERENCE. THE SUCCESSFUL GROUP HAD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER SCORES IN N ACHIEVEMENT AND N POWER THAN THE UNSUCCESSFUL ONES. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE FINDINGS ARE DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR IN AN INTERPERSONAL SITUATION.

SS WERE EXPOSED TO A TAPE-RECORDED VERBAL ATTACK FROM A FICTITIOUS S IN THE LAST OF A SERIES OF DISCUSSION ROUNDS. A 2ND FICTITIOUS S WAS NONATTACKING. PREVIOUSLY, SS HAD BEEN EITHER (1) ASSIGNED TO WORK WITH THE ATTACKER ON A POSTDISCUSSION PROBLEM-SOLVING TASK, (2) ASSIGNED TO WORK WITH THE NONATTACKER, OR (3) GIVEN THEIR CHOICE OF PARTNER. THE 1ST GROUP SHOWED THE LEAST DROP IN EVALUATIVE RATINGS OF THE ATTACKER. THIS FINDING SUPPORTS A FUNCTIONAL DEFENSE HYPOTHESIS WHICH PREDICTS THAT SS WITHOUT AN AVAILABLE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE WILL PERCEIVE AN ATTACKER MORE FAVORABLY THAN WILL SS WHO HAVE AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE. NO EVIDENCE WAS FOUND THAT SS CLASSIFIED AS REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS CONSISTENTLY DIFFERED IN THEIR RATINGS. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONS, ELICITATIONS, AND REINFORCEMENTS IN THE MANIPULATION OF AFFECTIVE VERBAL BEHAVIOR.

BANDURA HAS SUGGESTED THAT SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS TO EMIT A VERBAL OPERANT WOULD BE SUPERIOR TO THE USUAL REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY PROCEDURE IN INCREASING VERBAL RESPONSE RATE. THE RESULTS FOR 56 FEMALE AND 14 MALE UNDERGRADUATES INDICATE THAT THE INSTRUCTION GROUPS OF SS ACHIEVED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATES FOR BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL WORDS THAN THE REINFORCEMENT GROUPS SUPPORTING BANDURA'S PREDICTION. THE ELICITATION GROUP ALSO EXCEEDED THE REINFORCEMENT GROUP IN THE EMISSION OF NEGATIVE AFFECT WORDS. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT VERBAL BEHAVIOR CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY MANIPULATED BY PROCEDURES OTHER THAN THE USUAL VERBAL CONDITIONING METHODS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY AS A FUNCTION OF TYPE OF STIMULUS OBJECTS JUDGED AND AFFECTIVE STIMULUS VALUE.

INVESTIGATED THE DEGREE TO WHICH STUDENT CLINICIANS DIFFERENTIATE AMONG CLIENTS AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS AS ROLE TYPES, AND TO WHICH THE DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIATION VARIES AS A FUNCTION OF THE AFFECTIVE VALUE OF THE STIMULUS PERSON. COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY, DERIVED FROM A MODIFICATION OF KELLY'S ROLE CONSTRUCT REPERTORY TEST, WAS USED AS AN INDEX OF DIFFERENTIATION. RESULTS INDICATE THAT MORE DIFFERENTIATIONS WERE MADE AMONG CLIENTS THAN SIGNIFICANT OTHERS. THE DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIATION MADE AMONG CLIENTS WAS NOT AFFECTED BY THE AFFECTIVE VALUE OF THE STIMULUS PERSON, WHEREAS, WITH SIGNIFICANT OTHERS, SS MADE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE AFFECT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF THE TYPE OF STIMULUS EMPLOYED AND THE LEVEL OF SUBJECT AWARENESS ON THE DETECTION OF DECEPTION.

COMPARED DETECTION OF PERSONAL MATERIAL WITH THAT OF NEUTRAL MATERIAL MADE RELEVANT ONLY IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTEXT. EACH OF 28 MALE UNDERGRADUATES ACTED AS AN ESPIONAGE AGENT TO CONCEAL PERSONAL IDENTITY AND CODE WORDS LEARNED. PERSONALLY RELEVANT MATERIAL WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DETECTABLE THAN THE NEUTRAL MATERIAL, ALTHOUGH CONSEQUENCES OF DETECTION WERE THE SAME. THE STUDY ALSO PROVIDED EXPLORATORY DATA CONCERNING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSIVITY TO LIE-DETECTION STIMULI WHEN SS WERE UNAWARE THAT RESPONSES WERE BEING MONITORED. WHILE THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT DETECTION WAS INFERIOR UNDER THE NONAWARE CONDITION, DIFFICULTIES IN ACHIEVING A COMPLETELY CONVINCING NONAWARE SITUATION SUGGEST CAUTION IN GENERALIZATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF SELF-ESTEEM UPON PERFORMANCE FOLLOWING FAILURE STRESS.

INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH: SELF-ESTEEM, MEASURED BY THE TENNESSEE SELF-CONCEPT SCALE, AND STRESS TOLERANCE, A MEASURE OF PERSONALITY INTEGRATION. IT WAS PREDICTED AND SUPPORTED THAT 28 LOW SELF-ESTEEM SS WOULD BE MORE AFFECTED BY STRESS THAN 28 HIGH SELF-ESTEEM SS. SS PERFORMED AN INTELLECTUAL TASK AND RECEIVED EITHER NEUTRAL OR FAILURE PERFORMANCE REPORTS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT POSITIVE SELF-ATTITUDES AND STRESS TOLERANCE ARE RELATED AS EXPECTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INFLUENCE OF THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES ON COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THERAPISTS.

USED AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALOG TO COMPARE COLLEGE STUDENTS' RELATIONSHIP INVENTORY (RI) PERCEPTIONS OF THERAPISTS AS A FUNCTION OF DIRECTIVE/NONDIRECTIVE THERAPIST BEHAVIOR. RESULTS SUPPORTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT NONDIRECTIVE THERAPIST BEHAVIOR ELICITS MORE FAVORABLE PERCEPTIONS BY COLLEGE STUDENTS IN TERMS OF EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING, LEVEL OF REGARD, AND UNCONDITIONALITY OF REGARD. NO DIFFERENCES WERE OBTAINED ON CONGRUENCY, THE DIMENSION WHICH SOME CLIENT CENTERED THERAPISTS CONSIDER TO BE THE MOST IMPORTANT. THE 2ND THERAPIST OBSERVED WAS RATED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THE 1ST, INDICATING THAT ORDER EFFECTS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN EVALUATING PATIENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THERAPISTS WHEN REPEATED MEASURES ARE USED. A SEX EFFECT WAS OBTAINED ON 3 RI DIMENSIONS. IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT FEMALES MAY BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ORDER EFFECT THAN MALES. (15 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

TOLERANCE OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS TO NOXIOUS STIMULATION.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT SENSITIZERS WOULD APPROACH AND REPRESSORS AVOID PROLONGATION OF PHYSICALLY AVERSIVE STIMULATION. THE DISTRIBUTION OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCORES FOR 84 MALES AND 116 FEMALES WAS SEPARATELY DIVIDED INTO QUARTILES FOR BOTH SEXES. 4 LEVELS OF SHOCK WERE DETERMINED: RECOGNITION, MODERATELY AVERSIVE, PAIN AVERSIVE, AND ENCOURAGED AVERSIVE. RESULTS SUGGEST, CONTRARY TO PREDICTION, THAT MALE SENSITIZERS AVOID AND REPRESSORS APPROACH PAINFUL STIMULI. HOWEVER, BOTH FEMALE REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS TEND TO AVOID NOXIOUS STIMULATION AS COMPARED WITH THE MIDDLE QUARTILES. THE CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE LEVEL AND SOCIAL ACQUIESCENCE ARE USED IN INTERPRETING THESE RESULTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INTERACTION PATTERNS IN CHILDREN WITH PHENYLKETONURIA.

TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL FACTORS IN PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU), 4 S GROUPS COMPRISED OF PKU, RETARDED AND/OR BRAIN DAMAGED, PSYCHOTIC, AND NORMAL CHILDREN WERE COMPARED ON A MEASURE OF INTERACTION BEHAVIOR. ON TOTAL INTERACTION SCORES, THE PKU GROUP WAS FOUND TO PERFORM SIGNIFICANTLY MORE POORLY THAN THE NORMALS, BUT SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THE PSYCHOTICS. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PKU GROUP AND RETARDED AND/OR BRAIN-DAMAGED GROUP TENDED TOWARD SIGNIFICANCE, ALTHOUGH ON SEPARATE COMPARISONS FOR THE 3 SOCIAL STIMULUS CONDITIONS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE 2 GROUPS WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT. THE PKU GROUP WAS FOUND TO BE THE MOST HETEROGENEOUS, AND THE CLUSTERING OF SCORES SUGGESTED THAT PHENYLKETONURIA IS BEHAVIORALLY NOT A UNITARY DISORDER. CORRELATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE CRITERIA AND INTERACTION SCORES FOR THE PKU GROUP FURTHER INDICATED THAT THE INTERACTION MEASURE MAY TAP FUNCTIONS NOT ASSESSED BY STANDARDIZED IQ TESTS. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

STIMULUS COMPLEXITY AS A DETERMINANT OF APPROACH BEHAVIOUR AND INSPECTION TIME IN THE HOODED RAT.

FOLLOWING THE THEORY OF DEMBER AND EARL, IT WAS PREDICTED THAT HOODED RATS WOULD BE MORE RESPONSIVE (IN TERMS OF APPROACH BEHAVIOR AND INSPECTION TIME) TO MODERATELY COMPLEX STIMULI THAN TO EITHER SIMPLE OR COMPLEX ONES. IN ORDER TO TEST THESE PREDICTIONS, SS WERE PLACED IN A DARK COMPARTMENT AND PERMITTED TO INSERT THEIR HEADS THROUGH A SMALL HOLE INTO AN ADJACENT COMPARTMENT ILLUMINATED THROUGH A TRANSLUCENT PANEL. 9 PANELS, PAINTED IN CHECKERBOARD PATTERNS, CONTAINED 2, 4, 9, 16, 25, 64, 100, 196, OR 256 ELEMENTS. EACH S WAS RUN FOR A SINGLE PERIOD OF 8 MIN.; 15 SS WERE USED ON EACH OF THE 9 STIMULUS PANELS. IT WAS FOUND THAT NUMBER OF APPROACHES TO THE PANELS DID NOT VARY SIGNIFICANTLY WITH STIMULUS COMPLEXITY, BUT THAT INSPECTION TIME PER APPROACH DID FOLLOW AN INVERTED U PATTERN. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (19 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF NURTURANCE ON WIVES' APPRAISALS OF THEIR MARITAL SATISFACTION AND THE DEGREE OF THEIR HUSBANDS' APHASIA.

IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT: (1) THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIVES' DEGREE OF NURTURANCE (NEED TO GIVE AFFECTION AND CARE) AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF THE SEVERITY OF THEIR HUSBANDS' SPEECH DISABILITIES, (2) THERE WOULD BE A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIVES' NURTURANT NEEDS AND THEIR REPORTS OF MARITAL SATISFACTION, AND (3) WIVES WHO WERE HIGH IN NURTURANCE WOULD REPORT FULFILLING AFFECTIONAL ROLES AND WOULD REPORT SHARING ACTIVITIES WITH THEIR HUSBANDS MORE OFTEN THAN LOW-NURTURANT WIVES. SPEECH RATINGS WERE MADE ON THE FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION PROFILE. MARITAL SATISFACTION WAS MEASURED BY A MARITAL ROLES AND ATTITUDES QUESTIONNAIRE, A NEED-SATISFACTION QUESTIONNAIRE, AND A MARITAL HAPPINESS SCALE. THE MAJOR HYPOTHESES WERE CONFIRMED WITH EXCEPTION OF THE FULFILLMENT OF AFFECTIONAL ROLES. HERE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN HIGH-NURTURANT AND LOW-NURTURANT GROUPS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARATIVE VALIDITY OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF CONSTRUCTING PERSONALITY INVENTORY SCALES.

TO EXAMINE THE DIFFERENTIAL VALIDITY OF PERSONALITY INVENTORY SCALES DEVELOPED BY DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION, 6 STRATEGIES WERE COMPARED: FACTOR ANALYTIC, EMPIRICAL GROUP DISCRIMINATIVE, INTUITIVE-THEORETICAL, INTUITIVE-RATIONAL, STYLISTIC-PSYCHOMETRIC, AND RANDOM. A COMMON ITEM POOL, THAT OF THE CPI, WAS USED TO CONSTRUCT SETS OF 11 SCALES BY EACH OF THE 6 STRATEGIES. THE SS WERE APPROXIMATELY 200 UNIVERSITY FRESHMAN GIRLS, FOR WHOM CPI RESPONSES AND 13 CRITERION MEASURES WERE AVAILABLE. THESE 13 CRITERIA INCLUDED AN INDEX OF SORORITY MEMBERSHIP; AN EXPERIMENTAL MEASURE OF CONFORMITY; PEER RATINGS ON THE TRAITS OF DOMINANCE, SOCIABILITY, RESPONSIBILITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL-MINDEDNESS, AND FEMININITY; A PEER RATING OF HOW WELL S WAS KNOWN; S'S AVERAGE NUMBER OF DATES PER MO.; COLLEGE GRADE POINT AVERAGE; COLLEGE ACHIEVEMENT RELATIVE TO ABILITY; COLLEGE MAJOR; AND COLLEGE DROPOUT. MULTIPLE REGRESSION PROCEDURES WERE USED IN A DOUBLE CROSS-VALIDATION DESIGN. RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE 4 PRIMARY STRATEGIES OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION DID NOT DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN OVERALL VALIDITY; ALL 4 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE VALID THAN THE STYLISTIC AND RANDOM SCALES, WHICH IN TURN DID NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM EACH OTHER. (2 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SELF-REPORT OF HOSTILITY AND THE INCIDENCE OF SIDE REACTIONS IN NEUROTIC OUTPATIENTS TREATED WITH TRANQUILIZING DRUGS AND PLACEBO.

ARGUES THAT THE REPORTING OF SIDE-REACTIONS DURING THE COURSE OF DRUG TREATMENT MAY SERVE AS AN INDIRECT MODE OF EXPRESSING HOSTILITY WHICH IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN PATIENTS WHOSE PERSONALITY ORIENTATION RENDERS DIFFICULT DIRECT HOSTILITY EXPRESSION. IN A SAMPLE OF 47 NEGRO FEMALE CLINIC OUTPATIENTS, IT WAS FOUND THAT SIDE REACTORS OBTAINED SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER PRETREATMENT BUSS-DURKEE TOTAL HOSTILITY SCORES THAN NON-SIDE-REACTORS (T = 2.78, DF = 45, P