基于IFC 标准的预制构件生产信息模型研究

在研究近几年迅速发展的BIM 主流标准——IFC 标准的基础上,根据预制构件的数据信息共享需求,对预制构件的生产信息组织与表达方式进行了研究。按照IFC 标准,将预制构件在生产阶段的信息统一划分为产品信息、过程信息、资源信息、成本信息和场地信息,并建立了基于IFC 标准的预制构件生产信息模型。最后,给出了应用预制构件生产信息模型的具体实例,研究结果表明,该生产信息模型能有效的提高数据信息的管理,提高协同工作效率。     

基于IFC 的传感器信息存储与应用研究

在建筑的施工和运维管理过程中,存在大量的传感器采集的数据,但是这些数据存于各自的监测系统中,产生“信息孤岛”局面,难以对其进一步的融合分析,使其产生更大的价值。建筑信息模型(BIM)技术支持将传感器数据与工程数据集成管理和应用,但是面向BIM存储的工业基础类国际标准(IFC)对传感器数据的定义和描述仍有缺陷。为此,提出了基于IFC的传感器信息存储方法与应用流程,分析了IFC 中与传感器有关的信息描述和关联机制,进而通过自定义属性集的方式扩展了IFC标准,最后以北京槐房再生水厂项目为应用案例验证了IFC扩展内容的有效性。     

Building information modelling - Experts’ views on standardisation and industry deployment

The goal of the single building information model has existed for at least 30 years and various standards have been published leading up to the 10-year development of the industry foundation classes. These have been initiatives from researchers, software developers and standards committees. Now large property owners are becoming aware of the benefits of moving IT tools from specific applications towards more comprehensive solutions. This study addresses the state of building information models and the conditions necessary for them to become more widely used. It is a qualitative study based on information from a number of international experts and has asked a series of questions about the feasibility of BIMs, the conditions necessary for their success, and the role of standards with particular reference to the IFCs.Some key statements were distilled from the diverse answers received and indicate that BIM solutions appear too complex for many and may need to be applied in limited areas initially. Standards are generally supported but not applied rigorously and a range of these are relevant to BIM. Benefits will depend upon the building procurement methods used and there should be special roles within the project team to manage information. Case studies are starting to appear and these could be used for publicity. The IFCs are rather oversold and their complexities should be hidden within simple-to-use software. Inevitably major questions remain and property owners may be the key to answering some of these. A framework for presenting standards, backed up by case studies of successful projects, is the solution proposed to provide better information on where particular BIM standards and solutions should be applied in building projects.     

面向我国绿色建筑评价的IFC 适用性分析

绿色建筑评价涉及异构、分散的多专业信息,当前尚无面向我国绿色建筑评价的BIM 软件,也未形成支持我国绿色建筑评价的信息模型。因此,通过分析我国绿色建筑评价标准,提取了支持我国绿色建筑评价的有关信息需求,并分析了开放BIM 标准IFC 对我国绿色建筑评价标准各信息需求的描述和支持能力,对建立和完善面向我国绿色建筑评价的信息模型、编制相关信息交付标准、研发绿色建筑评价BIM 软件工具具有借鉴指导意义。     

An overview about the study of downwash effects on dispersion of airborne pollutants

The aim of the present work is to give an overview about the state of the art of the study of the downwash phenomena of airborne pollutants. Accounting for the downwash of pollutant dispersion is of interest because it can contribute to the prevention of dangerous situations by determining in advance what configuration of buildings, stacks, and effluents could cause a high concentration of harmful effluents in a particular area. Recent and less recent studies concerning both building and stack downwash are presented. Some of the presented models are well established and implemented in regulatory air pollutions codes, while other ones are more sophisticated and still under development.     

Dimensional reduction of 3D building models using graph theory and its application in building energy simulation

Since the various people involved in the design process for a building project tend to hold conflicting views, this inevitably leads to a range of disparate models for planning and calculation purposes. In order to interpret the relevant geometrical, topological and semantical data for any given building model, we identify a structural component graph, a graph of room faces, a room graph and a relational object graph as aids and explain algorithms to derive these relations. We start with a building model by transferring its geometrical, topological and semantical data into a volume model, decomposing the latter into a so-called connection model and then extracting all air volume bodies and hulls of the model by means of further decomposition into elementary cyclic connection components. The technique is demonstrated within the scope of building energy simulation by deriving both a dimensionally reduced object model required for setting up a thermal multizone model and a geometrical model for defining single or multiple computational fluid dynamic domains in a building together with incidence matrices correlating these models. The algorithm is basically applicable to any building energy simulation tool.

Providing real-estate services through the integration of 3D laser scanning and building information modelling

There is an opportunity for real-estate services sector to deliver more accurate, faster and quality building surveys and information models. This paper reports on a study, designed to establish automated procedures for the development of a digital model to assist in faster and better services and delivery of real-estate services by integrating 3D laser scanning and BIM technology. It proposes an intuitive and interactive building model that is easy to query and navigate, and thus support property developers, buyers and sellers in the property sales sector. An outline of the new approach is provided to illustrate the benefits of the proposed method to the real-estate services sector. The key arguments in the paper are consolidated by the results of a qualitative study amongst real-estate professionals, which sought to determine the added value of BIM-3D laser scanning in comparison to conventional building surveying and Computer Aided Design (CAD) methods.     

Shared computer-aided structural design model for construction industry (infrastructure)

The current interaction between participants in a construction project requires much time and is often a cause of mistakes and misunderstandings. Improvement of this interaction may therefore contribute to an improvement of the construction process as a whole. The lack of interoperability is the main problem behind such interaction drawbacks. In this paper, an infrastructure for a technology transfer model, namely Shared Computer-Aided Structural Design (sCAsD) model, is developed. It is built upon three basic building blocks: the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP, ISO-10303) Parts 104 and 107, the CIMsteel Integration Standard (CIS/2.0) resources, and the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard that is being developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The sCAsD model is an extension for the structural domain/view of the IFC model, providing professional standardization within the synergy effect of the IFC. The model infrastructure is explained and discussed in terms of model schemata. In addition, model feasibility is studied within two assessments for model schemata and model realization in the construction industry. The former assessment has verified the robustness and effectiveness of the model through using a model interface in data handling within an application of an integrated earthquake simulation. Meanwhile, the assessment of model realization has validated the roadmap of model implementation in the construction industry through IAI. The model has been accepted as a formal IAI project, namely ST-7, and is being supported by IAI Japan chapter.     

基于IFC标准的简支梁钢筋模型参数化自动生成

基于 BIM 技术的钢筋模型可以用于工程量直接计算、指导施工、碰撞检查和钢筋 自动加工等。虽然部分软件如 Revit 和 Tekla 可以输出钢筋工业基础类(IFC)模型,但是需要根 据结构设计软件的配筋结果重新建模,且核心算法没有公开,国内后续理论研究和软件开发均 无法参考;另外,现阶段研究主要集中于通过二次开发的方式实现不同软件之间的钢筋信息共 享,该方法不具有通用性。本文对钢筋模型几何信息在 IFC 标准中表达方式进行解析,并研究 利用结构设计结果参数自动生成基于 IFC 标准的钢筋模型,重点进行几何信息的生成算法研究。 最后通过程序生成带有纵筋和箍筋的简支梁 IFC 模型,验证了算法的可行性。     

基于IFC标准的BIM自适应分词方法

建筑信息模型(BIM)已经成为建筑行业信息技术应用的有效方案.随着BIM数据不断增长,为了高效使用BIM数据,很多研究将自然语言处理(NLP)引入BIM应用中.在中文环境中,由于缺乏建筑行业的术语特征,导致基础环节的中文分词在建筑领域BIM应用中的适应性较差.通过分析当前流行的BIM数据格式工业基础类(industry...     

基于IFC的室内地图模型构建研究

室内地图构建属于一项基础性研究,可为导航、疏散等建筑室内智能化应用提供 数据与技术支持。室内环境的复杂性,存在信息提取耗时且成本高,提取的室内信息不完整等 问题,而已有的室内地图模型通常体量庞大,数据复杂且冗余严重,实用性较低。为此,将 BIM 技术与室内地图研究相结合,以 BIM 通用交互格式工业基础类(IFC)文件为数据源,提取几何 与语义信息,提出一种室内地图模型的构建方法。内分类定义地图节点,完成对建筑室内信息 的抽象表达;通过设置阈值来简化地图中节点数量以达到模型的优化。该模型中可导入经典寻 路算法生成最短路径,并且设计路径优化方法。     

基于IFC 与gbXML 标准的建筑信息模型与绿色建筑分析软件互操作性测试与评估

绿色建筑和建筑节能是建筑行业可持续发展的重要因素,然而建筑信息模型(BIM)软件种类繁多、数据标准各异、软件之间的数据传递经常丢失信息。为解决不同软件之间的“信息孤岛”问题和互操作性问题,分析了基于工业基础类标准(IFC)和gbXML 标准的绿色建筑模型的结构框架,选取BIM 建模软件ArchiCAD 和绿色建筑性能分析软件Ecotec,对基于IFC 和gbXML 标准的软件之间的互操作性进行了测试和评估,确定了建筑信息模型在交互过程中的问题。针对相关问题本文提出了减少IFC 标准中的信息冗余、提高IFC 标准领域层对绿色建筑信息的支持、提高资源层对相关信息定义的针对性等建议。     

装配式建筑自上而下设计信息协同与模型构建

为顺应国家建筑产业化、智能化发展的政策引导,针对当前装配式建筑专业信息缺乏关联、模型利用不充分、数据传递效率低下等问题,提出基于建筑信息模型(BIM)技术的自上而下设计方法。以装配式建筑的设计阶段为切入点,详细阐述了基于 BIM 技术的装配式建筑自上而下设计流程。结合装配式建筑的标准化构件设计和组装特点,提出一种基于自上而下设计的装配模型,并从层级和专业 2 个角度描述了模型的架构。针对各专业模型传递时的数据信息标准化、一致性问题,通过工业基础类(IFC)标准对装配模型进行实体和属性集的扩展,提出基于 IFC 标准的各专业、各阶段的自上而下设计信息协同。经实例验证了 IFC 扩展装配模型的自上而下设计可行性,为装配式建筑的协同设计提供了有益的方法借鉴。     

基于IFC标准扩展的铁路轨道结构BIM模型构建研究

建筑信息模型(BIM)技术对提高铁路行业的工程设计水平具有重要的推进作用。如何在轨道工程设计阶段充分利用BIM技术的信息化建模能力,实现设计信息的数字化传递是BIM技术在轨道设计阶段应用的一个难点。利用工业基础类(IFC)标准将轨道结构工程信息集成在BIM模型中,是克服这一问题的有效途径。针对IFC标准架构领域层实体信息缺失的不足,采用实体扩展和自定义属性集的方式对轨道领域进行扩展和定义,进而构建轨道结构基础数据框架体系,其中实体扩展包括空间结构单元、组合件、构件和零件扩展,自定义属性集则对身份信息、位置信息与技术信息进行拓展。通过扩展关系实体,结合IFC标准表达机制,构建新增轨道实体与属性集表达体系。在此基础上,进一步提出面向轨道结构BIM模型的建模方法。最后,通过一个无砟轨道案例,验证该IFC扩展与建模方法的实用性,对于提高设计阶段轨道结构BIM模型信息的完备性与可传递性具有实际的工程意义。