面向电网安全监测的领域本体自动构建

针对电力监控系统面临的网络安全问题实际需求, 开展了本体自动构建技术研究, 以现有的领域本体自动化构建技术为基础, 从非结构化文本数据提取出电网安全监测领域本体SafeAgent, 采用机器学习、自然语言处理、关联规则等方法抽取本体概念, 挖掘概念之间的关系, 完善了领域本体自动化构建方案. 经实验验证, 本文采用的方法能以较高准确率完成领域本体的自动化构建工作, 克服对人工以及专家知识的依赖.     

Computational Methods for Verification of Stochastic Hybrid Systems

Stochastic hybrid system (SHS) models can be used to analyze and design complex embedded systems that operate in the presence of uncertainty and variability. Verification of reachability properties for such systems is a critical problem. Developing sound computational methods for verification is challenging because of the interaction between the discrete and the continuous stochastic dynamics. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic method for verification of SHSs based on discrete approximations focusing on reachability and safety problems. We show that reachability and safety can be characterized as a viscosity solution of a system of coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. We present a numerical algorithm for computing the solution based on discrete approximations that are derived using finite-difference methods. An advantage of the method is that the solution converges to the one for the original system as the discretization becomes finer. We also prove that the algorithm is polynomial in the number of states of the discrete approximation. Finally, we illustrate the approach with two benchmarks: a navigation and a room heater example, which have been proposed for hybrid system verification.     

基于SWRL的软件需求一致性验证方法

需求质量已经成为确保软件项目成功的一个重要因素,对复杂软件系统的需求进行检查和验证,是需求工程中非常重要的工作。在基于领域本体的需求获取和分析等相关工作基础上,提出了一种基于本体和语义规则的需求一致性验证方法,将自然语言描述的需求分解成若干结构良好的最小需求项,使用领域本体的概念模型对其进行形式化和结构化的表示。通过领域本体中的知识来映射需求语义,采用语义万维网规则语言（SWRL）来定义需求一致性验证的推理规则,并通过实例对此方法进行了分析和验证。     

离散信号事件驱动的自动测试系统仿真验证方法与实现

为在设计早期对复杂自动测试系统进行充分验证从而加速其成熟并降低研发成本,对离散事件系统规范进行扩展和改进,在原子模型中引入了端口和故障模式,通过端口间的连接构成耦合模型,提出一种离散信号事件驱动的仿真调度算法,并给出一个C/S架构的支持远程交互的仿真验证实现方案;基于自研的SCATS自动测试系统软件平台,分别针对一个示例系统和真实系统开展了实验,结果表明所提模型和方法支持复杂系统多分辨率层次化建模,仿真具有较高的一致性和执行效率,满足自动测试系统仿真验证工程应用需求。     

动态需求跟踪中多义关键词的语义判断方法

虽然与信息检索（IR）方法相比，基于本体的动态需求跟踪方法能提高跟踪链的精度，但构建一个合理、有效的本体特别是领域本体是一个相当复杂和繁琐的过程。为了减小构建领域本体带来的时间成本和人力成本，通过将修饰词和通用本体相结合，提出基于修饰词本体的关键词语义判断方法（MOKSJM）。首先，对关键词和修饰词的搭配关系进行分析；然后，采用修饰词本体结合规则的方式来确定关键词的语义，以避免关键词的多义性对动态需求跟踪结果造成的偏差；最后，根据上述分析的结果，对关键词语义作出调整，并通过相似度得分来体现其语义。修饰词在需求文档、设计文档等中数量较少，因此建立修饰词本体所带来的时间成本和人力成本相对较小。实验结果表明，MOKSJM与基于领域本体的动态跟踪方法在召回率相当时，精度差距更小；与向量空间模型（VSM）方法相比，MOKSJM能有效提高需求跟踪结果的精度。     

FT1500处理器中仿真驱动的DDR3封装设计

针对高性能微处理器封装中DDR3的信号完整性和电源完整性问题,提出了仿真驱动的封装设计方法：在设计之初通过前仿真制定准确的设计规则和目标,在设计过程中通过仿真指导设计优化,在设计完成后用后仿真验证设计结果。应用该方法设计了FT1500芯片封装,实测结果表明,该芯片的DDR3接口可以稳定工作在1400Mbps。     

A proposed ontology to support the hardware design of building inspection robot systems

Due to the growing number of architecturally complex buildings built in recent decades, mobile building inspection robot systems are required to operate in increasingly complex environments. This leads to higher requirements for their hardware design. The existing literature on the design of building inspection robots has implicitly mentioned the impact of building environments and building defects on defining robot hardware design requirements. However, the explicit representation of what information is required to define a specific hardware requirement is stimissing. To fill this gap, this paper presents an ontology that provides an overview of the building and inspection domain objects that affect the determination of robot hardware design requirements (RoboDesign). It also explores the relationship between specific robot hardware requirements and features of complex buildings and their defects. The RoboDesign ontology integrates two main domain ontology models including a Robot System Model and a Building and Defect Model. A content evaluation and an automated consistency checking are conducted for the internal evaluation of the ontology. Additionally, the proposed ontology is implemented in two wall-climbing inspection robot design cases to check if the investigation of the robot’s application environment is comprehensive. The validation results also demonstrate that the use of the proposed ontological model allows to efficiently retrieve information required to determine a particular hardware requirement.     

龙腾C1微处理器的功能验证

微处理器的功能验证是一项复杂而重要的工作。文章在进行龙腾C1微处理器的功能验证时,针对其指令集的特点,将指令集分为运算类和非运算类两种。根据两种指令各自不同的特点,文章分别提出了使用嵌入汇编语言的C语言参照模型和使用基于真实处理器执行结果的TRACE文件参照模型。在参照模型基础之上,实现了仿真结果的自动检查和基于覆盖率的分析。同时,为了加速仿真验证的速度,使用了FPGA验证平台进行功能验证,可以运行操作系统级的测试程序。     

可编程外设接口IP的设计

介绍的8位可编程外设接口(PPI)IP的设计，就在概要介绍该PPI基本功能的基础上，详细描述了该PPI电路的控制通路和数据通路设计，电路的功能仿真，综合，以及验证等过程．设计的后仿真波形以及FPGA验证结果表明，该IP核能满足Intel8155H和8255A芯片的功能和时序要求，而且可以根据应用需求进行载剪，方便的用于所需的系统设计中。     

系统芯片验证平台设计

使用验证平台可以提高验证效率,传统的验证平台是针对特定的待验证模块设计的,不同的设计需要开发不同的验证平台.验证平台的开发既浪费时间,又很难保证验证平台本身100%正确.文中提出了一种系统芯片验证平台开发方法,按该方法开发出的验证平台具有高可重用性、可扩展性、可升级性、可维护性和自动化等功能,提高了验证平台的开发效率,从而提高了验证效率.     

Principles of mathmodelica

Standard rules for the creation of an equation set are proposed. This set of equations is used for the solution of textual tasks in sciences that have a strong system of formulas. These rules make the employment of computer technique noticeably easier. A user fills only the column of task parameters with numerical values. This simplifies the complex solution of complicated problems.     

基于Merkle山脉的数据可信溯源方法

针对物联网（IoT）系统中海量数据存储成本大、数据溯源验证效率低等问题,提出一种基于Merkle山脉（MMR）的可信数据溯源方法MMRBCV。首先,利用IPFS存储IoT数据;其次,采用联盟链和私有链来设计一种双链结构,从而实现数据流转过程的可靠记录;最后,基于MMR设计区块结构,以实现轻量级IoT节点在数据溯源过程中的快速验证。实验结果表明,MMRBCV减少了数据溯源时所下载的数据量,且数据验证时间与MMR结构有关,当MMR可以组成一个完美二叉树时数据验证时间较短。当区块高度为200 000时,MMRBCV的最大验证时间约为10 ms,比SPV的最大验证时间（约为36 ms）缩短了约72%,可见所提方法有效提高了验证效率。     

A new verification technique for large processes based on identification of relevant tasks

Verification recently has become a challenging topic for business process languages. Verification techniques like model checking allow to ensure that a process complies with domain-specific requirements, prior to the execution. To execute full-state verification techniques like model checking, the state space of the process needs to be constructed. This tends to increase exponentially with the size of the process schema, or it can even be infinite. We address this issue by means of requirements-specific reduction techniques, i.e., reducing the size of the state space without changing the result of the verification. We present an approach that, for a given requirement the system must fulfill, identifies the tasks relevant for the verification. Our approach then uses these relevant tasks for a reduction that confines the process to regions of interest for the verification. To evaluate our new technique, we use real-world industrial processes and requirements. Mainly because these processes make heavy use of parallelization, full-state-search verification algorithms are not able to verify them. With our reduction in turn, even complex processes with many parallel branches can be verified in less than 10 s.     

本体理论及其在仿真想定校验中的应用研究

校验是仿真想定系统组成中的重要部分。该文在研究本体理论的基础上,结合本体的查询和推理机制,对基于本体的联合作战仿真想定校验进行了探讨。     

Verification of real‐time systems design

The main objective of this paper is to present an approach to accomplish verification in the early design phases of a system, which allows us to make the system verification easier, specifically for those systems with timing restrictions. For this purpose we use RT‐UML sequence diagrams in the design phase and we translate these diagrams into timed automata for performing the verification by using model checking techniques. Specifically, we use the Object Management Group's UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance, and Time and from the specifications written using this profile we obtain the corresponding timed automata. The ‘RT‐UML Profile’ is used in conjunction with a very well‐known tool to perform validation and verification of the timing needs, namely, the UPPAAL tool, which is used to simulate and analyze the behaviour of real‐time dynamic systems described by timed automata. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于VITAL语言的FPGA板级仿真验证研究

数字电路在投产前的功能验证工作至关重要.随着器件工艺的进步,单片FPGA上集成的功能越来越复杂,按照改进样机的流程开发,应用FPGA芯片的电子系统时,在产品上市时间和产品开发费用等方面逐渐超出设计者的预算值;而仿真验证方法是由仿真程序,如ModelSim,载入板上元件的模型信息、布局和互连信息,并在激励文件作用下产生系统输出的虚拟验算方法,具有省时,成本低、调试方便和有利于升级换代等优点.介绍用于元件建模的VITAL语言的基本规则及其描述电路模型的基本方法,应用FPGA的快速比较网络的仿真结果表明,仿真验证方法可以有效地提高FPGA系统功能、时序验证的效率.     

3 D图形处理器API符合性验证方法关键技术研究

3D图形API（Application Programming Interface,应用程序编程接口）是三维图形处理函数接口的简称,它将图形系统的上层应用程序和底层驱动隔离,使得应用软件具有良好的可移植性。 OpenGL（ Open Graphics Library,开放图形接口库）是为了规避不同硬件驱动而定义的与上层接口的标准库函数。如何开发出符合OpenGL标准的API,是3D图形处理器研制及应用的关键。首先系统分析了OpenGL标准API的属性,提出了自研3D图形处理器API与OpenGL标准API符合性验证关键技术,基于FPGA平台从函数的接口参数、绘图功能、显示功能和错误反馈处理这四个方面来验证。上述验证方法具有很强的操作性,验证覆盖范围更广,验证用例的设计更为复杂。该方法加速了验证过程,提高了验证的充分性。     

Systematic design space exploration using a template-based ontological method

The realization of complex engineered systems using models that are typically incomplete, inaccurate and not of equal fidelity requires the understanding and prediction of process behavior in design. This necessitates the need for extending designer’s abilities in making design decisions that are robust, flexible and modifiable particularly in the early stages of design. To address this requirement, we propose in this paper, an ontology for design space exploration and a template-based ontological method that supports systematic design space exploration ensuring the determination of the right combination of design information that meets the different goals and requirements set for a process chain. Using the proposed method, a designer is able to (1) systematically adjust the design space in due time to manage the risks of errors accumulating and propagating during the design of different stages of the process chain, (2) improve the ability to communicate and understand the interactions between design information in the process chain. We achieve the said through (1) procedure for design space exploration is identified to determine the sequence of activities needed for the systematic exploration of design space under uncertainty; (2) the decision-based design information flow is archived using the design space exploration process template and represented by utilizing frame-based ontology to facilitate the management of re-usable information. We demonstrate the efficacy of this template-based ontological method for design space exploration by carrying out the design of a multi-stage hot rod rolling system in steel manufacturing process chain.     

扩展AL log挖掘日志本体的ILP方法*

为发现Web使用记录中所蕴涵的用户访问模式,在深入分析日志本体中事件间的抽象关系后,提出适用于原子事件和复合事件间整分关系推理的ALC传播规则扩展已有的推理模式,并在此基础上提出一种挖掘日志本体的ILP方法。该方法结合描述逻辑和Horn规则在知识表示和推理过程中互补的特点,采用ALlog混合系统构建知识库,利用约束SLD反驳消解和扩展ALC传播规则从日志本体中学习用户访问模式,达到站点商业智能和个性化的目的。最后给出验证该方法的实例,实验结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

装备故障预测与健康管理能力验证评估技术

预测和健康管理（PHM）是提升装备战斗力水平的重要保证,在装备设计阶段并行开展可测性设计是提高PHM能力的主要手段,而PHM技术的验证和评估是建立诊断与预测系统可信度的一个重要步骤。本文首先给出了面向PHM系统验证技术的国内外研究现状,然后,分析PHM指标的验证方法和技术框架。后面给出的PHM系统验证的指标体系,最后,点明了故障预测与健康管理系统验证与评估方法要关注的问题,明确了未来的发展趋势。