Th-Shaped Tunable Multi-Band Antenna for Modern Wireless Applications

A compact, reconfigurable antenna supporting multiple wireless services with a minimum number of switches is found lacking in literature and the same became the focus and outcome of this work. It was achieved by designing a Th-Shaped frequency reconfigurable multi-band microstrip planar antenna, based on use of a single switch within the radiating structure of the antenna. Three frequency bands (i.e., 2007–2501 MHz, 3660–3983 MHz and 9341–1046 MHz) can be operated with the switch in the ON switch state. In the OFF state of the switch, the antenna operates within the 2577–3280 MHz and 9379–1033 MHz Bands. The proposed antenna shows an acceptable input impedance match with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) less than 1.2. The peak radiation efficiency of the antenna is 82%. A reasonable gain is obtained from 1.22 to 3.31 dB within the operating bands is achieved. The proposed antenna supports Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)-1920 to 2170 MHz, Worldwide Interoperability and Microwave Access (WiMAX)/Wireless Broadband/(Long Term Evolution) LTE2500–2500 to 2690 MHz, Fifth Generation (5G)-2500/3500 MHz, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)/ Bluetooth-2400 to 2480 MHz, and Satellite communication applications in X-Band-8000 to 12000 MHz. The overall planar dimension of the proposed antenna is 40 × 20 mm². The antenna was designed, along with the parametric study, using Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool. The antenna prototype is fabricated for experimental validation with the simulated results. The proposed antenna is low profile, tunable, lightweight, cheap to fabricate and highly efficient and hence is deemed suitable for use in modern wireless communication electronic devices.     

In-flight experiment for combined planar antennas and solar cells (SOLANT)

An in-flight experiment to validate advanced solar antenna structures (SOLANT) in space is presented. Two different antennas have been designed and manufactured, one for global positioning system (GPS) reception and one for S-band beacon transmission. Both units use slot aperture radiators embedded in identical mechanical structures. The GPS antenna has been designed to generate an omni-directional radiation pattern with righthanded circular polarisation thus fulfilling NavStar specifications. The S-band beacon antenna is based on a four-element circularly polarised array providing 6 dBic of gain. These antennas are integrated within two solar panels, which form the upper layer of the antenna structure. The two panels are identical, make use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells arranged in two strings and provide a peak power of 10 W each. The SOLANTs were launched, fixed to a Cosmos payload adapter and remained operative for 2 years, well beyond their expected lifetime. This study summarises the design and performance tests performed prior the launch and during the orbital operation.     

Design and analysis of the composite lattice frame of a spacecraft solar array

A novel design of the composite structural lattice frame for the spacecraft solar arrays is presented in the paper. The frame is composed of two flat lattice composite plates assembled into the three-dimensional panel using frame-like connectors. Design, fabrication, modelling and modal analysis of the panel solar arrays based on the proposed technology are discussed. The lattice panels are modelled as three-dimensional frame structures composed of beam elements subjected to the tension/compression, bending and torsion using the specialised finite-element model generator/design modeller. Results of the calculations of the frequencies and vibration forms for the lattice panels with various types of supports imitating the ways the panels can be attached to the spacecraft body, deployment must, and adjacent solar panels are presented and discussed. The lattice frame design for maximum fundamental frequency is performed subject to constraints imposed on the geometrical parameters of the solar panel.     

高精度碳纤维增强树脂复合材料夹层天线面板热变形影响参数仿真与实验

为满足亚毫米波、太赫兹波段等高频天线反射面的应用需求,采用附加树脂修型技术制得1米级、面形精度优于10 μm均方差(RMS)的碳纤维增强树脂(CFRP)复合材料天线面板。主要开展了针对高精度CFRP复合材料面板在极端低温环境下的热变形机制研究。根据基础材料性能测试数据,建立面板的有限元仿真模型,预测大温差工况下多结构参数面板的热变形残差,分析了影响面板热变形特性的主要因素。比较了铝蜂窝和碳管阵列夹芯两种面板结构热变形特性的差异。结果表明,碳管夹芯结构面板具备更高的比刚度和热稳定性。通过仿真结构优化给出了面板的结构设计参数,并重新试制了原型面板。采用基于高精度数字摄影测量的实验方法,对铝蜂窝和碳管阵列两种夹芯结构原型面板在低温环境下的热变形误差进行了测量,通过分析实验与仿真结果的误差来源,讨论了有限元预测方法的可行性,给出了针对高精度CFRP复合材料面板设计及工艺方法的指导意见。      

Buckling characteristics of smart skin structures

A 5.78 GHz micro strip antenna has been developed for use in Wireless LAN (WLAN) systems. It has a composite sandwich construction, and uses composite laminates and Nomex honeycomb. This is the surface-antenna-structure (SAS) concept, applied to load-bearing structural surfaces. The design originated from a composite sandwich structure and a multi-layer micro strip antenna. Design, fabrication and validation of structural/electrical performances all took place. To verify structural rigidity, the bucking behavior was calculated from a theoretical model, and was compared with experimental results. Electrical measurements of the fabricated antenna array were in good agreement with design specifications. The SAS concept can be extended into a guide for manufacturers of structural body panels as well as antenna designers, promising innovative future communication technology.     

一种双频MIMO天线的T型枝节解耦设计

本文设计了一种T型枝节解耦的双频MIMO天线.两个工作频段分别覆盖WLAN频率2.45 GHz/5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz.低频谐振单元为倒F天线,通过在低频枝节上增加短截线,用以产生高频谐振,实现双频工作.将天线单元沿水平方向对称放置形成二单元的MIMO天线,并采用在两个天线单元之间添加T型枝节的方法进行解耦.对...     

Low frequency noise reduction using stiff light composite panels

The experiment presented in this paper is to investigate and analyze the noise reduction at low frequency using stiff light composite panels. Since these composite panels are made of lightweight and stiff materials, this actuation strategy will enable the creation of composite panels for duct noise control without using traditional heavy structural mass. The results suggest that the mass-spring resonance absorption in the case of a comparatively stiff thick panel with a thin flexible plate is more efficient with minimum weight, when subjected to low-frequency (<500 Hz). The efficiency of the panel absorber depends on the mass of the thin flexible plate and the stiffness of the panel.     

A novel design of a cpw‐fed single square‐loop antenna for circular polarization

Abstract

The experimental and simulated results for the proposed antenna are investigated in this article. Moreover, a novel broadband design of a circularly polarized (CP) single square slot antenna fed by a single coplanar waveguide is presented. By appropriately choosing the circumference of the square‐loop, the length of the protruded strip, and the gap, this proposed antenna thus owns good CP radiation and good impedance match simultaneously at the frequency of 2.45 GHz. This proposed antenna has the fundamental resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz with the minimum return loss of ‐39.9 dB. Furthermore, its impedance bandwidth is 460 MHz or 18.4% and 3‐dB axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth is 360 MHz or 14.4% at 2.5 GHz.     

Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Portable Wireless Applications

In this paper, the design and experimental evaluation of a hexagonal-shaped coplanar waveguide (CPW)-feed frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented using flame retardant (FR)-4 substrate with size of 37 × 35 × 1.6 mm³. The antenna is made tunable to three different modes through the status of two pin diodes to operate in four distinct frequency bands, i.e., 2.45 GHz wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) in MODE 1, 3.3 GHz (5G sub-6 GHz band) in MODE 2, 2.1 GHz (3G Long Term Evolution (LTE)-advanced) and 3.50 GHz Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) in MODE 3. The optimization through simulation modeling shows that the proposed antenna can provide adequate gain (1.44~2.2 dB), sufficient bandwidth (200~920 MHz) and high radiation efficiency (80%~95%) in the four resonating frequency bands. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 1.5 is achieved for all bands with properly matched characteristics of the antenna. To validate the simulation results, fabrication of the proposed optimized design is performed, and experimental analysis is found to be in a considerable amount of agreement. Due to its reasonably small size and support of multiple frequency bands operation, the proposed antenna can support portable devices for handheld 5G and Wireless LAN (WLAN) applications.     

A Compact 28 GHz Millimeter Wave Antenna for Future Wireless Communication

This article presents a novel modified chuck wagon dinner bell shaped millimeter wave (mm-wave) antenna at 28 GHz. The proposed design has ultra-thin Rogers 5880 substrate with relative permittivity of 2.2. The design consists of T shaped resonating elements and two open ended side stubs. The desired 28 GHz frequency response is achieved by careful parametric modeling of the proposed structure. The maximum achieved single element gain at the desired resonance frequency is 3.45 dBi. The efficiency of the proposed design over the operating band is more than 88%. The impedance bandwidth achieved for −10 dB reference value is nearly 2.9 GHz. The proposed antenna is transformed into four element linear array which increases the gain up to 10.5 dBi. The fabricated prototype is tested for the measured results. It is observed that measured results closely match the simulated results. By considering its simple structure and focused radiation patterns, the proposed design is well suited for IoT (Internet of Things), mmWave microwave sensing, 5G and future RF (Radio Frequency) front-ends.     

Segmentation analysis of loaded microstrip antenna

Abstract

A microstrip antenna for dual‐frequency operation has been investigated. The frequency can be controlled by placing PIN diodes at appropriate locations in the patch. The cavity model and segmentation method are used to analyze the operation frequency, input impedance, and radiation pattern. Finally, experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions.     

Analysis and characterization of transponder antennae for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems

An investigation into the use of various radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna designs was performed. Passive RFID tag antennae with a resonant frequency range of 902–928 MHz were tested for robustness and efficiency in the Packaging Science RFID Laboratory at the University of Florida. Commercially available single‐ and dual‐dipole tags were examined for read performance. Electromagnetic modelling software was used to model the impedance matching and detuning effects of nearby conducting surfaces. s‐Parameters, current densities and polar plots of various dipole designs were estimated. Strategies used to shorten antenna length, such as capacitive loading, were evaluated. A simple half‐wave dipole antenna was modelled in order to determine the effect of length on resonant frequency and performance. Parameter sweeps showed that a length of 14.4 cm was required for resonance at 915 MHz and 50 Ω termination. Capacitive loads shortened the dipole to 8.4 cm while adding 4.2 cm to height. It was verified that a conducting surface, such as metal packaging, had strong detuning effects on RFID tag antennae. Different methods, such as tuning stubs, alleviated the detuning effects by allowing bandwidths twice as large as with a simple dipole. Finally, the rationale for commercially available RFID antenna designs was discussed. It was found that analysis of actual antenna tag structures in the laboratory and exploring different methods to improve efficiency can lead to improvements in RFID performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于激光直写的柔性天线传感器研究

激光直写是一种高效、可规模化制备柔性电子器件的技术。本文采用激光直写技术在具有良好介电性能的聚酰亚胺薄膜上制备了一种可用于应变传感和湿度传感的柔性环形天线传感器。利用激光碳化聚酰亚胺获得的材料表面呈现多孔及堆叠片层碳结构,当施加于天线上的应变和环境湿度改变时,天线的谐振频率会发生规律变化,进而实现应变和湿度感知。制备的环形天线传感器的应变响应灵敏度为?8.943 kHz/με,湿度响应灵敏度为?6.45 MHz/RH%。采用激光直写技术制备的天线传感器可以广泛应用于结构健康监测等领域。     

三天线法环天线校准系统建立及测量结果不确定度评定

在350kHz~30MHz频段内,为了准确得到环天线所处位置的场强,环天线的天线系数需要校准。三天线法是一种校准天线系数的绝对方法,需要3个环天线,两两组对测量,且不需要任何参考标准。介绍了三天线法校准环天线的原理,基于矢量网络分析仪建立校准系统,并评定校准系统的测量结果不确定度。基于K(i,j)的计算公式复杂,很难计算出其引入的不确定度,因此采用数字电磁学代码(NEC)建模评定K(i,j)的不确定度。评定结果表明,在350kHz~30MHz频段内4个典型频点的扩展不确定度小于0.81dB(k=2)。     

Graphene-Based RFID Tag Antenna for Vehicular Smart Border Passings

Globalization has opened practically every country in the globe to tourism and commerce today. In every region, the volume of vehicles traveling through border crossings has increased significantly. Smartcards and radio frequency identification (RFID) have been proposed as a new method of identifying and authenticating passengers, products, and vehicles. However, the usage of smartcards and RFID tag cards for vehicular border crossings continues to suffer security and flexibility challenges. Providing a vehicle's driver a smartcard or RFID tag card may result in theft, loss, counterfeit, imitation, or vehicle transmutation. RFID sticker tags would replace RFID tags as vehicle border passes to solve the mentioned problem. The RFID sticker tag adheres to the windscreen, side screen, dash, hood, or door of the vehicle, or any other acceptable location. Any damage or stripping from the installed location may cause data corruption and cannot be reused. Overall, these sticker tags will make the border crossings more secure and efficient. This article focuses on designing a rectangular-shaped RFID sticker tag antenna made of graphene sheets as a possible solution for smart border crossings. The proposed antenna is mathematically designed and analyzed with CST software to determine the optimum parameters. The design parameters are then used to create an antenna on a prepared graphene sheet. The performance results are carried out with CST software and a network analyzer. The designed RFID antenna stick on a car windscreen offers approximately 900 MHz bandwidth over the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz with an average gain of 1.23 dBi at the frequency to be used of 2.4 GHz microwave RFID band. The radiation is an omnidirectional pattern. The proposed graphene-sheet rectangular-shape monopole antenna is compact, low-cost, and bendable to fit into the windscreen of a car while retaining excellent wave propagation capabilities. These findings illustrate the suggested antenna's potential as an RFID tag antenna in a vehicular smart border pass system.     

平面可调谐微带天线的设计与仿真

铁电材料特别是锶钡钛酸盐（BaxSr1-xTiO3）这类强非线性介质的压电非线性特性^[1]应用到微带贴片天线的介质基片上，通过改变基片的等效介电系数B来实现微带天线的可调谐工作，对此方法进行了可行性研究。给出了理论验证性质的简单设计和仿真结果。     

A Compact Flexible Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna forBiotelemetry Applications

With the help of in-body antennas, the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices (IMDs) and exterior monitoring equipment, the telemetry system has brought us many benefits. Thus, a very thin-profile circularly polarized (CP) in-body antenna, functioning in ISM band at 2.45 GHz, is proposed. A tapered coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used to excite the antenna. The radiator contains a pentagonal shape with five horizontal slits inside to obtain a circular polarization behavior. A bendable Roger Duroid RT5880 material (ε_r = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009) with a typical 0.25 mm-thickness is used as a substrate. The proposed antenna has a total volume of 21 × 13 × 0.25 mm³. The antenna covers up a bandwidth of 2.38 to 2.53 GHz (150 MHz) in vacuum, while in skin tissue it covers 1.56 to 2.72 GHz (1.16 GHz) and in the muscle tissue covers 2.16 to 3.17 GHz (1.01 GHz). GHz). The flexion analysis in the x and y axes was also performed in simulation as the proposed antenna works with a wider bandwidth in the skin and muscle tissue. The simulation and the curved antenna measurements turned out to be in good agreement. The impedance bandwidth of −10 dB and the axis ratio bandwidth of 3 dB (AR) are measured on the skin and imitative gel of the pig at 27.78% and 35.5%, 13.5% and 4.9%, respectively, at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The simulations revealed that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the skin is 0.634 and 0.914 W/kg in muscle on 1g-tissue. The recommended SAR values are below the limits set by the federal communications commission (FCC). Finally, the proposed low-profile implantable antenna has achieved very compact size, flexibility, lower SAR values, high gain, higher impedance and axis ratio bandwidths in the skin and muscle tissues of the human body. This antenna is smaller in size and a good applicant for application in medical implants.     

Reconfigurable Pattern Patch Antenna for Mid-Band 5G: A Review

New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the mid-band communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.     

东方红3号(DFH-3)卫星天线系统动态特性测试(Ⅱ)

本文继东方红3号(DFH-3)卫星天线系统动态特性测试(Ⅰ),给出卫星天线系统一阶固有频率的简化分析计算。     

Optical response of a d-fiber antenna in a finite-element analysis intended for radio-over-fiber applications

An all-fiber antenna with a piezoelectric polymer-coated circular-core D fiber has been characterized by finite-element analysis. The response of the D-fiber antenna was determined over a wide frequency range from 1 to 500 MHz. The modeling predicts an electric-field-induced phase shift of 2.43 x 10(-5) rad/(V/m)/m at 5 MHz. At frequencies higher than 8 MHz the optical response is dominated by radial resonances of the D-fiber-coating composite. From the simulation results a minimum detectable electric field of 41-muV/m has been achieved with a 1-km length of coated D fiber. In addition, a D-fiber antenna network intended for microcellular communications has been analyzed by shot-noise-limited detection.