GH3230高温合金热变形行为及本构模型研究

采用高温拉伸试验研究了GH3230合金在温度1144~1273 K、应变速率1×10-3~1×10-1s-1条件下的热变形行为。计算了变形激活能,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金的高温变形的本构关系。结果表明:温度和应变速率对GH3230合金的高温力学性能有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的增加而升高。GH3230合金的高温流变行为可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦函数来描述,热变形材料常数为:A=5.179×1016s-1,a=0.0088,n=3.9893,并计算出合金的平均变形激活能Q=455.203 k J·mol-1,且变形激活能更容易受到应变速率的影响。扫描电镜(SEM)断口分析表明GH3230合金在高温下(1144~1273 K)应变率范围为1×10-3~1×10-1s-1时的拉伸断裂都是由损伤引起的韧性断裂,且温度对断口形貌影响不大,但应变速率增大会使韧窝尺寸和深浅变小。     

38MnB5热成形钢高温变形行为及本构方程

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对38MnB5热成形钢的高温变形行为进行研究,分别在650～950℃温度区间内,以0. 01、0. 1、1和10 s-1的应变速率对其进行等温单向拉伸测试,并得到相应条件下的真应力-应变曲线.结果表明:38MnB5热成形钢流变应力随着变形温度的升高而减小,随着应变速率的增大而增大.当应变速率逐渐增加时,热变形时发生的动态回复和动态再结晶效果并不显著,而当温度逐渐升高时,二者作用逐渐加强.考虑了温度、应变速率和应变的综合复杂影响,建立38MnB5热成形钢高温下的本构方程.此本构方程通过对流变应力、应变、应变速率等实验数据的回归分析,得到与变形温度、应变速率和应变相关的材料参数多项式.计算结果与实验结果对比发现,通过本构方程所获得的计算值与试验值吻合良好.     

38MnB5热成形钢高温变形行为及本构方程

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对38MnB5热成形钢的高温变形行为进行研究, 分别在650~950℃温度区间内, 以0.01、0.1、1和10 s-1的应变速率对其进行等温单向拉伸测试, 并得到相应条件下的真应力-应变曲线.结果表明: 38MnB5热成形钢流变应力随着变形温度的升高而减小, 随着应变速率的增大而增大.当应变速率逐渐增加时, 热变形时发生的动态回复和动态再结晶效果并不显著, 而当温度逐渐升高时, 二者作用逐渐加强.考虑了温度、应变速率和应变的综合复杂影响, 建立38MnB5热成形钢高温下的本构方程.此本构方程通过对流变应力、应变、应变速率等实验数据的回归分析, 得到与变形温度、应变速率和应变相关的材料参数多项式.计算结果与实验结果对比发现, 通过本构方程所获得的计算值与试验值吻合良好.      

一种新型第四代粉末高温合金热变形行为及其本构方程北大核心

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了热等静压态新型第四代粉末高温合金的热变形行为,变形温度1060~1140℃,应变速率0.001~1 s-1,真应变量0.69。结果表明,热等静压态合金热模拟压缩实验的高温流变曲线呈动态再结晶特征。基于双曲正弦函数型Arrhenius方程和实验数据,采用峰值应力以及应变修正两种方式构建了合金的高温流变本构方程。后者由于包含了应变量的影响,预测的合金热变形流变应力值与实际测试结果比较吻合,平均相对误差绝对值为7.87538%,能更好的反映合金在热变形过程中的流变行为,为合金热加工工艺的设计优化提供参考依据。     

低合金微碳钢的热变形行为及本构方程

在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上以微碳钢为研究对象,研究了在350 ℃、400 ℃、450 ℃、500 ℃、550 ℃、600 ℃、650 ℃、700 ℃、750 ℃和0.01 s-1、0.1 s-1、1 s-1条件下的热变形行为,并分析变形后的组织特征,构建温变形本构方程.结果表明,微碳钢的流变应力在变形初期随着应变的增大而增加,而在出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳,当温度高于750 ℃时会出现明显的加工软化; 运用Sellars-Tegart方程,通过拟合模型中各参数, 获得微碳钢的热变形激活能Q为364.894 kJ/mol,并建立了流变应力模型.      

Monel K-500合金高温流变特性及其本构方程

采用Gleeble 3800热模拟实验机研究了Monel K-500合金在变形温度为850~1 100℃,应变速率为0.01~10s-1时的高温流变行为,测定了合金在不同条件下的流变应力曲线。结果表明,最大压缩变形量对合金的流变行为影响不大;变形温度相同时,合金在应变速率为0.1s-1时取得最大峰值应变;根据Arrhenius模型得到了合金的热变形本构方程。     

ODS-310合金的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究机械合金化制备的ODS-310合金在变形温度为1 050~1 150℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下的高温变形行为,测定其真应力-应变曲线,分析其流变应力与应变速率及变形温度三者之间的关系,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立ODS-310合金的高温变形本构方程,基于动态材料模型,构造ODS-310合金的热加工图。结果表明:ODS-310合金的流变应力随变形温度降低或应变速率提高而增大;该合金热变形过程中的流变行为可用双曲线正弦模型来描述,在实验条件下的平均变形激活能为828.384 kJ/mol;真应变为0.4的热加工图表明,ODS-310合金在高温变形时存在2个加工失稳区,即变形温度为1 050~1 070℃、变形速率为0.01~1s-1的区域,和变形温度为1 130~1 150℃、变形速率为0.1~1 s-1的区域;ODS-310合金的最佳变形温度和应变速率分别为1 150℃和0.001 s-1。     

Fe5Mn3Al中锰汽车用钢热变形本构方程的研究

本文研究了Fe5Mn3Al中锰汽车用钢的热变形行为,在温度为950～1 150℃时,应变速率为0.1～20 s~(-1).用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机进行单道次热压缩试验,通过对试验获得的流变应力数据的回归分析,构建双曲正弦Arrhenius方程以描述中锰汽车钢Fe5Mn3Al的高温变形行为,其热变形激活能为503.931 kJ/mol.本构方程对Fe5Mn3Al试验钢流变应力进行预测,模型预测值与试验值有很好的一致性,精度较高,平均相对误差为3.25%.     

07MnNiMoDR板轧制热变形本构方程

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机完成了07MnNiMoDR钢热等温平面应变压缩实验,获得了温度900～1 100℃、应变速率0.01～1 s^-1、变形率45%等条件的高温流变行为,其中温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响明显。基于对Arrhenius方程和Zener-Hollomon参数的解析,获得了热变形激活能Q,确定了峰值应力本构模型;通过分析应力应变与位错的关系,获得了硬化率及Z参数等与应力之间的内在关联性,建立了加工硬化-动态回复过程的流变应力模型;基于动态再结晶理论,采用Avrami模型计算了动态再结晶体积分数,获得Z参数计算方法,建立了动态再结晶过程的流变应力模型。利用所建立的本构模型完成了预测及对比分析,相关系数r为0.99,所建立的本构关系模型精度很高。     

Temperature and deformation in pressing high-temperature alloy pipe

A method for calculating the hot-pressing parameters for high-temperature alloy pipe is proposed. The method includes determination of the temperature interval of maximum plasticity, taking account of sleeve cooling during auxiliary operations; temperature corrections as a function of the wall thickness and sleeve temperature; the metal’s resistance to deformation as a function of the pressing parameters (the pipe temperature, the sleeve’s wall thickness, and the strain and strain rate) and the content of alloy components; and the forces and heating of the metal in the press’s deformation zone.     

Al-Sc-Zr master alloy and estimation of its modifying capacity

An Al-1.1 Sc-1.1 Zr (wt %) master alloy with a uniform distribution of micron and submicron particles of aluminide phase Al₃(Sc_{1 − x} Zr _x ) has been obtained by exposing of equal amounts of commercial Al-Sc and Al-Zr master alloys to short-time actions of low-frequency vibrations transferred to the alloy via an irradiating plunger. Zirconium substitutes up to 50% Sc in aluminides and retains its L1₂ lattice. The modifying capacity of the experimental master alloy is tested on cast alloy (wt %) Al-8Zn-2.4Cu-3Mg. Intense grain refinement of this alloy is achieved by its modification with a certain amount of the master alloy. At a certain Sc + Zr content, a grain dendrite structure completely disappears in the alloy.     

Ti-Al-Nb-W合金的高温变形行为

在Thermecmastor-Z动态热模拟试验机上对Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W合金进行高温压缩变形实验,实验温度范围为1 050~1 150℃,应变速率范围为0.001~1 s 1。根据该合金的真应力-真应变曲线,建立合金高温变形的本构方程和热加工图,并对不同变形区域的组织进行分析。结果表明:Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W合金高温压缩变形峰值应力与变形条件的关系可用双曲正弦函数来表示,其变形激活能为567.05 kJ/mol,高温变形的本构方程为:ε=3.37×1018.[sinh(0.0043σ)]3.27exp[567.05/(RT)];加工图显示该合金最佳加工区域的应变速率为0.001~0.01 s 1(η范围在40%~55%),在此加工区域内合金发生较明显的动态再结晶和β相的球化。     

High-temperature deformation mechanisms and constitutive equations for the oxide dispersion-strengthened superalloy MA 956

An experimental study of the constitutive response of the oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) superalloy MA 956, which consists of an Fe-Cr-Al matrix dispersion strengthened with yttria, has been performed.Single-crystal specimens of MA 956 having remarkably simple initial microstructures have been tested in compression in the temperature range of 900 °C to 1200 °C and in the axial strain-rate range of 1.8 x 10^-4 s^-1 to 10^-2 s^-1. The deformation response of the material has been examined by performing constant true strain-rate tests, strain-rate jump tests, and stress relaxation tests. The orientation dependence of the stress-strain response of the single crystals has been compensated for by determining the operative slip systems and resolving the stresses and strains accordingly. These experiments, together with electron-microscopic observations of deformed and quenched specimens, allow a number of conclusions to be drawn about the physics of particle strengthening in this simple ODS alloy at high temperatures. Further, drawing on this physical understanding, a set of phenomenological internal variable constitutive equations which model the high-temperature deformation behavior of this alloy is also developed. These equations reasonably well model not only the temperature and strain-rate sensitivity of the flow stress but also the strain-hardening behavior of the material.     

An investigation of the effect of texture on the high-temperature flow behavior of an orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy

The effect of mechanical and crystallographic texture on the flow properties of a Ti-21Al-22Nb (at. pct) sheet alloy was determined by conducting uniaxial tension and plane-strain compression tests at temperatures between 900°C and 1060°C and strain rates between 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻² s⁻². Despite the presence of noticeable initial texture, all of the mechanical properties for a given test temperatur and strain rate (i.e., peak stress, total elongation to failure, strain-rate sensitivity, and normal plastic anisotropy), were essentially identical irrespective of test direction relative to the rolling direction of the sheet. The absence of an effect of Mechanical texture on properties such as ductility was explained by the following: (1) the initially elongated second-phase particles break up during tension tests parallel to the rolling direction of the sheet, thereby producing a globular morphology similar to that noted in samples taken transverse to the rolling direction; and (2) failure was flow localization, rather than fracture, controlled. Similarly, the absence of an effect of mechanical texture on strain-rate sensitivity (m values), normal plastic anisotropy (r values), and the ratio of the plane strain to uniaxial flow stresses was rationalized on the basis of the dominance of matrix (dislocation) slip processes within the ordered beta phase (B2) as opposed to grain boundary sliding. Aggregate theory predictions supported this conclusion inasmuch as the crystallo graphic texture components determined for the B2 phase ((001) [100] and (−112) [110]) would each produce identical r values and uniaxial and plane-strain flow stresses in the rolling and transverse directions.     

An investigation of the effect of texture on the high-temperature flow behavior of an orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy

The effect of mechanical and crystallographic texture on the flow properties of a Ti-21Al-22Nb (at. pct) sheet alloy was determined by conducting uniaxial tension and plane-strain compression tests at temperatures between 900 °C and 1060 °C and strain rates between 10⁻⁴ and 10⁻² s⁻¹. Despite the presence of noticeable initial texture, all of the mechanical properties for a given test temperature and strain rate (i.e., peak stress, total elongation to failure, strain-rate sensitivity, and normal plastic anisotropy) were essentially identical irrespective of test direction relative to the rolling direction of the sheet. The absence of an effect of mechanical texture on properties such as ductility was explained by the following: (1) the initially elongated second-phase particles break up during tension tests parallel to the rolling direction of the sheet, thereby producing a globular morphology similar to that noted in samples taken transverse to the rolling direction; and (2) failure was flow localization, rather than fracture, controlled. Similarly, the absence of an effect of mechanical texture on strain-rate sensitivity (m values), normal plastic anisotropy (r values), and the ratio of the plane strain to uniaxial flow stresses was rationalized on the basis of the dominance of matrix (dislocation) slip processes within the ordered beta phase (B2) as opposed to grain boundary sliding. Aggregate theory predictions supported this conclusion inasmuch as the crystallographic texture components determined for the B2 phase ((001) [100] and ( 12) [110]) would each produce identical r values and uniaxial and plane-strain flow stresses in the rolling and transverse directions.