7055铝合金非等温时效析出过程及力学性能变化

文章将一种非等温时效工艺应用于7055铝合金中,使合金力学性能相比T6时效有所提升的同时极大地缩短了时效时间.研究表明,在时效前期的快速升温阶段(100℃ ～175℃)中,析出相高速形核.降温阶段前期(175℃ ～145℃),析出相在高温环境下迅速长大;降温阶段后期(125℃～100℃)的低温环境又抑制了析出相的粗化并...     

新型Cr-Co-Ni-Mo系马氏体时效不锈钢的强韧化机理

研究了由我国自行研制的Cr-Ni-Co-Mo系高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的强韧化机理.结果表明,该钢在535℃时效强度可达1 940 Mpa,KIC=141 Mpa·平方根m,此时钢中析出的大量、弥散、细小的Fe2Mo型Laves相是保持超高强度的主要原因;在纤细的马氏体板条界上有少量的残余奥氏体使钢具有较高的韧性.该钢具有优良的综合性能,特别适合于制造新一代高强高韧、承力的耐海洋环境腐蚀结构件,并在航天及航空领域潜在着应用前景.     

高强铝合金7B04强韧化固溶时效热处理工艺的研究

本文主要对7B04合金的热处理工艺进行了优化试验．在强韧化固溶时效热处理技术方面作了深入的研究，并对其微观组织进行了对比分析。摸索出7B04铝合金的最佳热处理制度。     

6063-T6铝合金薄壁管材最佳时效工艺研究

试验研究了淬火后的预变形量和时效工艺对6063薄壁管材力学性能的影响,确定该合金薄壁管材的最佳时效制度为200±5℃,保温8h.工业化生产出了符合要求的6063薄壁管材.     

7xxx T74铝合金锻件时效工艺研究

对7xxx铝合金锻件双级时效工艺状态下室温拉伸性能随时效保温时间变化规律的研究，制定热处理工艺     

高强高韧铝合金研究现状及展望

简要介绍了高强高韧铝合金的发展，对其组织性能进行了全面评述，着重讨论了断裂韧性和应力腐蚀的影响，并指出今后研究工作中所需解决的问题。     

A356铝合金的强韧化工艺研究

研究了A356铝合金的组织结构特点及强韧化工艺控制,通过采取细化组织、硅相变质、微合金化处理及优化热处理工艺等措施和手段提高车轮用A356铝合金的强韧化效果.     

单级时效对6008铝合金力学及压缩性能研究

文章主要以6008铝合金为研究对象,通过室温拉伸和压缩试验研究该材料经不同时效制度下的力学性能和吸能性能.研究表明,随着时效时间的延长,6008铝合金时效7h达到峰值强度,析出相最多,延伸率最低;在0.5h～2.5h内屈强比线性增加,2.5h后屈强比趋于平缓;压缩变形方式发生变化;时效2.5h后,加载曲线呈周期变化,变...     

双级时效对7075铝合金力学性能的影响

本文研究了7075铝合金固溶处理后双级时效热处理工艺,分析了双级时效工艺对7075铝合金力学性能的影响.合金成份一定的7075铝合金挤压型材,经470℃2h固溶后,再经120℃×6h+165℃x5h双级时效时能获得较好的综合性能,为7075铝合金时效热处理工艺参数的确定及优化提供参考依据.     

等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢2101析出行为的影响

研究了700~850℃等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢LDX 2101析出行为的影响。研究结果表明经等温时效处理,颗粒状析出物主要在奥氏体和铁素体相界处形核长大,从而恶化材料的冲击韧性。700℃是影响该材料冲击韧性最敏感脆化温度。在700℃等温时效处理120 min后,冲击韧性值降低到33 J,仅为固溶处理后冲击韧性值的31%。经过TEM观察分析,颗粒状析出物主要是Cr2N型氮化物以及少量Cr23C6型碳化物。     

Development of the manufacturing process of aluminum alloys with high strength and conductance

A new manufacturing process of high-strength electroconductive aluminum alloys and plane samples which is based on the immersion casting method with the action of weak current pulses (WCPs) and pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) with the subsequent multicycle rolling is proposed. The objects of the investigation were alloys containing 97.7–98.3% Al and alloying additives (Cu, Mg, Mn, Si, Fe, Zn, Sc, and Zr). The considered technology enabled us to fabricate the samples 0.20–0.25 mm thick with a nanodimensional structure (d < 100 nm). It is established that the PMF and WCP effects differently affect the physical characteristics of the alloy. The WCP treatment enables one to attain higher strength (up to 430 MPa) and conductance (up to 55% IACS) than the PMF effect, but is the alloy plasticity is lower. As the aluminum content in the alloy decreases by 0.5%, its conductance lowers by 6–14% and its largest drop (up to 14%) is observed for the WCP-treated samples, while the smallest one (up to 6%) is observed for the PMF-treated samples.     

先进高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金凝固和均匀化组织及相构成

采用热力学计算与实验相结合的方法,研究了两种高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态及均匀化态的显微组织和相构成.铸态A合金主要由Mg（Zn,Al,Cu）₂相和少量Al₂Cu相组成,而铸态B合金仅含Mg（Zn,Al,Cu）₂相.热力学计算显示,A和B两种合金的实际凝固过程介于Lever Rule和Scheil Model两种模拟结果之间,由于合金成分不同而导致的铸态A和B合金中各相含量差异与Scheil Model模拟所得到的各相摩尔分数变化规律基本一致.经常规工业均匀化处理（460℃保温24 h）,铸态A和B合金中存在的Mg（Zn,Al,Cu）₂或Al₂Cu相均能充分回溶,并得到单相α（Al）基体,这与热力学计算所得到的AlZn-Mg-Cu四元系统在7.5%Zn条件下460℃等温相图相符合.     

高纯铝的研究进展

超高纯铝比原铝具有更好的导电性、延展性、反射性和抗腐蚀性,在电子工业及航空航天等领域有着广泛用途,目前国内只有极少数厂家能够生产纯度达 99.999%(质量分数）的高纯铝。主要介绍了国内外生产高纯铝的企业、主要生产工艺及生产设备,对国内外高纯及超高纯铝的研究现状及进展情况进行了分析总结。     

Tempering process of high strength and high toughness Cr- Mo- V bulb- flat steel

Aim at the problems that the heat treatment process of high strength and high toughness Cr- Mo- V bulb- flat steel was difficulty and the granular bainite was not fully decomposed, the influence of different tempering temperatures and tempering holding times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength and high toughness Cr- Mo- V bulb- flat steel were studied by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM and mechanical property tests. The results show that the metastable granular bainite in the steel can be recovered and transformed to quasi- polygonal ferrite by tempering at temperatures above 600?? and holding for more than 2h. The large- sized and long- shaped M- A islands in the original microstructure are decomposed and transformed into granular M- A islands. With the increase of the tempering temperature, the granular bainite in the steel can be further decomposed to make the particles finer and more dispersed, which significantly improves the low- temperature toughness of the steel and obtains a good comprehensive performance. For this steel, the best heat treatment process to get good match of strength and toughness is tempering at 660-680?? and holding for 3. 0-3. 5h.     

Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloys

Crack extension in commercial aluminum alloys proceeds by the “ductile” or fibrous mode. The process involves the large, ~1 μm to ~10μm, Fe-, Si-, and Cu-bearing inclusions which break easily, and the growth of voids at the cracked particles. The linking-up of the voids is accomplished by the rupture of the intervening ligaments, and this is affected by the fine, ~0.01μm precipitate particles that strengthen the matrix. The ~0.1μm Cr-, Mn-, and Zr-rich intermediate particles are more resistant to cracking and may enter the process in the linking-up stage. The fracture toughness of aluminum alloys therefore depends on a) the extent of the heavily strained region ahead of the crack tip, which is a function of the yield strength arad modulus, b) the size of the ligaments which is related tof _c, the volume fraction of cracked particles, and c) the work of rupturing the ligaments. An approximate analysis predicts K_Ic varies asf _c-1/6, and this is in agreement with measurements on alloys with comparable yield strength levels. Studies in which the aging conditions are altered for the samef _cshow that the toughness decreases with increasing yield strength level. This degradation in toughness is related to the localization of plastic deformation. The tendency for localization is illustrated with the help of “plane strain” tension and bend specimens whose behavior is related to the toughness. Measurements of the strain distribution on the microscale show that slip is relatively uniformly distributed in a 7000-type alloy with low inclusion and particle content when the material is in the as-quenched and overaged conditions. In contrast the distribution is highly nonuniform in the peak aged condition where slip is concentrated in widely spaced superbands involving coarse slip bands with large offsets that crack prematurely. The connection between the tendency for slip localization and the fine precipitate particles which strengthen the matrix remains to be established. In overaged alloys grain boundary ruptures occur within the superbands. The amount of intergranular failure increases with grain size and is accompanied by a loss of fracture toughness.     

高强韧性海洋平台用E550钢板生产工艺研究

介绍了E550钢板的主要生产工艺和技术难点,通过理论分析设计了E550的成分体系,采用Thermal-Calc和经验公式,获得了其热力学相图和相变点温度等热力学数据。根据E550的热力学特性,设计了两阶段轧制工艺,精轧的终轧温度控制在再结晶温度附近,利用奥氏体再结晶充分细化晶粒。淬火奥氏体化温度选择为920℃,回火温度设计为630℃,利用碳化物的析出强化效果和缺陷密度变化的位错强化获得良好的强韧性匹配。50 mm厚钢板的淬火态1/4厚度处的微观组织为马氏体,中心的组织为马氏体和少量贝氏体的混合物。回火热处理后,马氏体板条界面减少,碳化物在马氏体板条界面析出,钢板1/4到中心的组织均匀化。30和50 mm厚E550钢板的力学性能达到了船级社标准要求,并有较大的富裕量。热输入能量为15和50 kJ/cm焊接后,钢板具有良好的强度性能,熔合线和热影响区的冲击功较高。     

Metallurgical factors affecting fracture toughness of aluminum alloys

Crack extension in commercial aluminum alloys proceeds by the “ductile” or fibrous mode. The process involves the large, ~1 μm to ~10μm, Fe-, Si-, and Cu-bearing inclusions which break easily, and the growth of voids at the cracked particles. The linking-up of the voids is accomplished by the rupture of the intervening ligaments, and this is affected by the fine, ~0.01μm precipitate particles that strengthen the matrix. The ~0.1μm Cr-, Mn-, and Zr-rich intermediate particles are more resistant to cracking and may enter the process in the linking-up stage. The fracture toughness of aluminum alloys therefore depends on a) the extent of the heavily strained region ahead of the crack tip, which is a function of the yield strength arad modulus, b) the size of the ligaments which is related tof _c, the volume fraction of cracked particles, and c) the work of rupturing the ligaments. An approximate analysis predicts K_Ic varies asf _c-1/6, and this is in agreement with measurements on alloys with comparable yield strength levels. Studies in which the aging conditions are altered for the samef _cshow that the toughness decreases with increasing yield strength level. This degradation in toughness is related to the localization of plastic deformation. The tendency for localization is illustrated with the help of “plane strain” tension and bend specimens whose behavior is related to the toughness. Measurements of the strain distribution on the microscale show that slip is relatively uniformly distributed in a 7000-type alloy with low inclusion and particle content when the material is in the as-quenched and overaged conditions. In contrast the distribution is highly nonuniform in the peak aged condition where slip is concentrated in widely spaced superbands involving coarse slip bands with large offsets that crack prematurely. The connection between the tendency for slip localization and the fine precipitate particles which strengthen the matrix remains to be established. In overaged alloys grain boundary ruptures occur within the superbands. The amount of intergranular failure increases with grain size and is accompanied by a loss of fracture toughness. This paper is based on an invited presentation made at a symposium on “Advances in the Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys” held at the Spring Meetings of TMS-IMD in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 29 to June 1, 1973. The symposium was co-sponsored by the Physical Metallurgy Committee and the Non-Ferrous Metals Committee of TMS-IMD     

铝合金时效硬化模型的研究进展

相对于众多其他合金,铝合金的时效硬化模型经过近几十年的发展已日趋成熟.利用现有模型可以计算球形、片状和针状析出相的尺寸及体积分数与合金成分、时效时间及时效温度的关系,从而可以研究铝合金的屈服强度在时效过程中的演变规律,对铝合金的设计具有重要的指导意义.该文详细地介绍了铝合金时效硬化模型的发展,并指出了现有模型的不足之处,对模型的未来发展进行了展望.     

Powder metallurgy approach for control of microstructure and properties in high strength aluminum alloys

High-strength products made from atomized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Co alloy powders have good combinations of strength, ductility, resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and fracture toughness. Powder Metallurgy (PJM) methods produce fine metallurgical structures and compositions which cannot be produced by Ingot Metallurgy (IJM) methods. Fine structures result from very rapid solidification and from the effect of fine dispersoids in restricting grain growth. Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) performance is favored by grain morphology of PJM products. Co₂Al₉ particles in PJM products are 0.02 to 2.0 μm spheroids occurring frequently on grain boundaries where they may serve several functions in slowing SCC attack. Oxide particles are irregular shapes, 0.01 to 0.04 μm in size, occurring in clusters at grain boundaries and in grain bodies. Some of the oxide particles are magnesium oxide and alter the environment in a SCC crack to arrest attack. Porosity is not a significant factor in the structure of PJM products made by a vacuum compacting process. P/M wrought products have superior combinations of high strength and stress-corrosion cracking resistance compared to IJM 7075 and 7050 alloys. While equaling the fracture toughness of 7075 alloy, the PJM products at present have somewhat lower fracture toughness than 7050 alloy, due in part to a larger amount of second-phase particles in the form of Co₂Al₉ and oxide. This paper is based on an invited presentation made at a symposium on “Advances in the Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys” held at the Spring Meeting of TMS-IMD in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 29 to June 1, 1973. The symposium was co-sponsored by the Physical Metallurgy Committee and the Non-Ferrous Metals Committee of TMS-IMD.     

Powder metallurgy approach for control of microstructure and properties in high strength aluminum alloys

High-strength products made from atomized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Co alloy powders have good combinations of strength, ductility, resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and fracture toughness. Powder Metallurgy (PJM) methods produce fine metallurgical structures and compositions which cannot be produced by Ingot Metallurgy (IJM) methods. Fine structures result from very rapid solidification and from the effect of fine dispersoids in restricting grain growth. Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) performance is favored by grain morphology of PJM products. Co₂Al₉ particles in PJM products are 0.02 to 2.0 μm spheroids occurring frequently on grain boundaries where they may serve several functions in slowing SCC attack. Oxide particles are irregular shapes, 0.01 to 0.04 μm in size, occurring in clusters at grain boundaries and in grain bodies. Some of the oxide particles are magnesium oxide and alter the environment in a SCC crack to arrest attack. Porosity is not a significant factor in the structure of PJM products made by a vacuum compacting process. P/M wrought products have superior combinations of high strength and stress-corrosion cracking resistance compared to IJM 7075 and 7050 alloys. While equaling the fracture toughness of 7075 alloy, the PJM products at present have somewhat lower fracture toughness than 7050 alloy, due in part to a larger amount of second-phase particles in the form of Co₂Al₉ and oxide.