一个具有时滞和阶段结构的比率依赖型捕食系统的稳定性

本文研究一个具有时滞和捕食者、食饵均具有阶段结构的比率依赖型捕食系统的稳定性.通过分析特征方程,运用Hurwitz判定定理,讨论了该系统的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的局部稳定性,并得到了Hopf分支存在的充分条件;通过构造辅助系统,运用单调迭代方法和比较定理,讨论了该系统的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的全局稳定性,从而得到了该生态系统灭绝与永久持续生存的充分条件.     

一个捕食者染病、食饵具有阶段结构的生态 - 流行病模型的稳定性

研究了一个捕食者染病且食饵具有阶段结构的生态 - 流行病模型的稳定性,考虑了捕食者对食饵的 Holling-II 型功能性反应函数,并讨论了由捕食者的妊娠期引起的时滞对模型稳定性的影响。通过计算特征方程的特征值,运用 Hurwitz 判定定理,得到了该模型的在平凡平衡点、捕食者灭绝平衡点、无病平衡点和正平衡点的局部稳定性,得到了正平衡点处存在 Hopf 分支的充分条件。通过构造 Lyapunov 泛函,运用 LaSall 不变集原理得到了该模型的平凡平衡点、捕食者灭绝平衡点、无病平衡点和正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件。     

Bifurcation and stability analysis of a hybrid energy harvester with fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative controller and Gaussian white noise excitations

Hybrid energy harvester (HEH) has received much attention in the field of energy harvesting. The HEH inevitably suffers from external stochastic disturbances in the working environment such as winds, waves, and ocean currents. Only few works deal with the stochastic dynamics of a hybrid energy harvester with fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. This paper aims to investigate bifurcation control and stability analysis of a HEH with fractional-order PID controller subjected to Gaussian white noise excitations. An approximately equivalent dimensionally reduced system is formulated via the variables transformation method, and its approximate stationary solutions are derived through the stochastic averaging method. One example is worked out in detail to verify the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. It is shown that the analytical results provide a good approximation to the numerical simulation results. The influences of system parameters on the stochastic bifurcation and the asymptotic Lyapunov stability are also discussed.     

具有时滞和脉冲捕获、污染物脉冲输入的捕食-食饵-环境模型

本文建立了污染环境中,捕食者具有阶段结构、食饵具有脉冲收获、污染物具有脉冲输入的时滞捕食-食饵-环境模型,利用离散动力系统的频闪映射和比较原理,得到了捕食者灭绝周期解的全局吸引性和系统持久性的充分条件．通过数值仿真,研究了食饵的捕获、污染物的脉冲输入和脉冲作用周期对捕食者灭绝和持续生存的影响,同时也验证了理论结果．对生物资源的开发、种群数量的收获及环境的控制提供了宝贵的理论依据．     

一类食饵中存在疾病的捕食系统的SIS传染病模型

研究了一类疾病只在食饵中存在的捕食系统的SIS传染病模型.在此模型中,不考虑疾病对捕获率的影响.通过理论分析,给出了各类平衡点全局渐近稳定性的条件,揭示了捕食因素对疾病传播的影响.所得结论表明,捕食者的引入,将会使原来的单种群传染病模型的稳定性态无论是定量上还是定性上都将产生变化.     

一类具有食饵恐惧和避难所的反应扩散捕食模型的稳定性与 Hopf 分支

在捕食生态系统中,恐惧因子和食饵避难所都有重要的作用。为此,对一类带恐惧因子和食饵避难所的捕食-食饵反应扩散模型进行了研究。通过分析平衡点特征方程,得到了平衡点的局部渐近稳定性;将不受保护食饵比例作为分支参数,给出了正平衡点 Hopf 分支存在的条件。结果表明：避难所的存在会导致 Hopf 分支,产生空间齐次周期解。扩散的加入会产生新的Hopf分支点,产生空间非齐次周期解。这说明通过设立适当的食饵避难所或者减小捕食者的扩散,有助于物种共存。最后,利用 Matlab 进行数值模拟验证了所得的结论。     

基于偶极子模型的双小行星系统平衡点特性研究

针对主星是细长型小行星,而次星是小而规则天体的双小行星系统,采用偶极子—粒子模型,建立了普适性的引力场模型,研究了系统平衡点附近的局部动力学及周期轨道问题。研究了同步状态下系统参数对平衡点位置、稳定性和变化趋势的影响,并给出了非共线平衡点的线性稳定域,计算了在非同步双小行星系统的等效平衡点的轨迹。结合路径搜索修正法和伪弧长延拓方法得到同步双小行星系统共线平衡点附近的1∶1共振轨道族。该研究能为双小行星系统探测中轨道设计问题提供理论基础。     

A numerical integration approach for fractional-order viscoelastic analysis of hereditary-aging structures

In this paper, a novel numerical integration scheme is proposed for fractional-order viscoelastic analysis of hereditary-aging structures. More precisely, the idea of aging is first introduced through a new phenomenological viscoelastic model characterized by variable-order fractional operators. Then, the presented fractional-order viscoelastic model is included in a variational formulation, conceived for any viscous kernel and discretized in time by employing a discontinuous Galerkin method. The accuracy of the resulting finite element (FE) scheme is analyzed through a model problem, whose exact solution is known; and the most significant variables affecting the solution quality, such as the number of Gaussian quadrature points and time subintervals, are then investigated in terms of error and computational cost. Moreover, the proposed FE integration scheme is applied to study the short- and long-term behavior of concrete structures, which, due to the severe aging exhibited during their service life, represents one of the most challenging time-dependent behavior to be investigated. Eventually, also the Euler implicit method, commonly used in commercial software, is compared.     

一类分数阶非线性时滞系统的稳定性与镇定（英）

稳定性是控制系统分析与设计的基础．探索分数阶系统,特别是分数阶时滞非线性系统的稳定性条件是控制理论与工程领域中的难点问题．本文研究了一类分数阶非线性时滞系统的稳定性和镇定．通过将原系统转化成等价的分数阶积分系统,再借助不等式放缩技术,提出了一个有效且形式简单的确保该类系统稳定新的时滞无关稳定性准则．根据所得的稳定条件,提出了基于时滞线性反馈控制器的镇定控制方法．最后,数值实例验证了所得结果的有效性．此外,本文所使用的方法可以推广和应用于其他类型的分数阶系统的稳定性和镇定控制．     

Random vibration analysis for train–track interaction from the aspect of uncertainty quantification

This work is devoted to constructing a stochastic analysis model for train–track​ interaction. The fundamentals of the modelling framework in the establishment of the dynamic model, simulation of system uncertainties and randomness propagation process have been properly illustrated and unified in detail. For modelling train–track interaction, a matrix representation method is developed to depict the displacement compatibility and force equilibrium between the train and tracks. This dynamic model possesses advantages in computational stability and accuracy. Using uncertainty quantification approaches, the randomness of system geometries and longitudinal inhomogeneity of system properties can be simulated properly. Finally, the probabilistic transmission between the system inputs and response outputs are investigated from physical concepts, and a family of probability density evolution methods is introduced. Following the fundamental framework of train–track stochastic analysis, numerical examples are presented in detail to show the efficiency and accurateness of the proposed model. Moreover, the applications and advancements of this model in reliability assessment, response and frequency analysis, derailment, etc., are illustrated.     

Structure Preserving Algorithm for Fractional Order Mathematical Model of COVID-19

In this article, a brief biological structure and some basic properties of COVID-19 are described. A classical integer order model is modified and converted into a fractional order model with as order of the fractional derivative. Moreover, a valued structure preserving the numerical design, coined as Grunwald–Letnikov non-standard finite difference scheme, is developed for the fractional COVID-19 model. Taking into account the importance of the positivity and boundedness of the state variables, some productive results have been proved to ensure these essential features. Stability of the model at a corona free and a corona existing equilibrium points is investigated on the basis of Eigen values. The Routh–Hurwitz criterion is applied for the local stability analysis. An appropriate example with fitted and estimated set of parametric values is presented for the simulations. Graphical solutions are displayed for the chosen values of (fractional order of the derivatives). The role of quarantined policy is also determined gradually to highlight its significance and relevancy in controlling infectious diseases. In the end, outcomes of the study are presented.     

一类捕食——食饵模型正解的存在唯一性与稳定性

本文主要研究一类具有非单调生长率的捕食食饵模型的平衡态正解问题．首先通过计算锥上紧算子的不动点指标,得到了正解存在的充分条件;其次,运用线性算子扰动理论以及拓扑度理论,讨论了参数对于正解唯一性与线性稳定性的影响;最后,通过数值模拟分别验证了在一维空间和二维空间下正解的存在性结论,也就是捕食者和食饵在一定条件下可以共存．     

Age-structured predator–prey model with habitat complexity: oscillations and control

In this article, we study a predator–prey interaction in a homogeneously complex habitat where predator takes a fixed time to develop from immature to its mature stage. The age-structure of the predator and its interaction with the prey is framed in a system of delay differential equations. The objective is to study the role of habitat complexity and the maturation delay of the predator on the overall dynamics of the model system. Different interesting dynamical behaviours can be obtained by regulating two key parameters, namely the degree of habitat complexity and the maturation delay. It is observed that the system becomes unstable from its stable condition when the maturation delay crosses some critical value. The periodic solutions bifurcated from the interior equilibrium is found to be supercritical and stable. Synchronization of population fluctuations is, however, possible by increasing the strength of habitat complexity. The predator population goes to extinction and the prey population reaches to its maximum, irrespective of the length of maturation delay, when the habitat complexity crosses some upper critical value. The qualitative dynamical behaviours of the model system are verified with the data of Paramecium aurelia (prey) and Didinium nasutum (predator) interaction.     

具有阶段结构和时滞比率依赖的捕食系统的持续生存和稳定性

本文研究了一类带有时滞和对捕食者进行分阶段的比率依赖的捕食模型,得到了该模型中的种群的持续生存的充分条件。通过构造Lyapunov泛函的方法,得到了该模型唯一正平衡点的局部稳定和全局稳定的充分条件。     

矩形薄板在面内随机参数激励下的随机分岔研究

建立了四边简支的矩形薄板在受面内随机激励时的振动模型,并用Galerkin法将该系统化简为二自由度常微分非线性动力学方程组。得出系统的广义能量（Hamilton函数）表达式后,又利用拟不可积Hamilton系统平均理论将方程等价为一个一维的Ito随机扩散过程,并通过计算该系统的最大Lyapunov指数来研究系统的局部随机稳定性,同时利用基于随机扩散过程的奇异边界理论研究了模型的全局稳定性,最后通过稳态概率密度函数的形状变化探讨了系统参数变化对系统随机Hopf分岔的影响。数值模拟结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Structure Preserving Algorithm for Computer Virus Model

The present work is related to the numerical investigation of the spatio-temporal susceptible-latent-breaking out-recovered (SLBR) epidemic model. It describes the computer virus dynamics with vertical transmission via the internet. In these types of dynamics models, the absolute values of the state variables are the fundamental requirement that must be fulfilled by the numerical design. By taking into account this key property, the positivity preserving algorithm is designed to solve the underlying SLBR system. Since, the state variables associated with the phenomenon, represent the computer nodes, so they must take in absolute. Moreover, the continuous system (SLBR) acquires two steady states i.e., the virus-free state and the virus existence state. The stability of the numerical design, at the equilibrium points, portrays an exceptional aspect about the propagation of the virus. The designed discretization algorithm sustains the stability of both the steady states. The computer simulations also endorse that the proposed discretization algorithm retains all the traits of the continuous SLBR model with spatial content. The stability and consistency of the proposed algorithm are verified, mathematically. All the facts are also ascertained by numerical simulations.     

An Intelligence Computational Approach for the Fractional 4D Chaotic Financial Model

The main purpose of the study is to present a numerical approach to investigate the numerical performances of the fractional 4-D chaotic financial system using a stochastic procedure. The stochastic procedures mainly depend on the combination of the artificial neural network (ANNs) along with the Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LMB) i.e., ANNs-LMB technique. The fractional-order term is defined in the Caputo sense and three cases are solved using the proposed technique for different values of the fractional order α. The values of the fractional order derivatives to solve the fractional 4-D chaotic financial system are used between 0 and 1. The data proportion is applied as 73%, 15%, and 12% for training, testing, and certification to solve the chaotic fractional system. The acquired results are verified through the comparison of the reference solution, which indicates the proposed technique is efficient and robust. The 4-D chaotic model is numerically solved by using the ANNs-LMB technique to reduce the mean square error (MSE). To authenticate the exactness, and consistency of the technique, the obtained performances are plotted in the figures of correlation measures, error histograms, and regressions. From these figures, it can be witnessed that the provided technique is effective for solving such models to give some new insight into the physical behavior of the model.     

A minimal model of predator–swarm interactions

We propose a minimal model of predator–swarm interactions which captures many of the essential dynamics observed in nature. Different outcomes are observed depending on the predator strength. For a ‘weak’ predator, the swarm is able to escape the predator completely. As the strength is increased, the predator is able to catch up with the swarm as a whole, but the individual prey is able to escape by ‘confusing’ the predator: the prey forms a ring with the predator at the centre. For higher predator strength, complex chasing dynamics are observed which can become chaotic. For even higher strength, the predator is able to successfully capture the prey. Our model is simple enough to be amenable to a full mathematical analysis, which is used to predict the shape of the swarm as well as the resulting predator–prey dynamics as a function of model parameters. We show that, as the predator strength is increased, there is a transition (owing to a Hopf bifurcation) from confusion state to chasing dynamics, and we compute the threshold analytically. Our analysis indicates that the swarming behaviour is not helpful in avoiding the predator, suggesting that there are other reasons why the species may swarm. The complex shape of the swarm in our model during the chasing dynamics is similar to the shape of a flock of sheep avoiding a shepherd.     

捕食者有病的生态-流行病SIS模型的分析

建立并分析了捕食者具有疾病的生态一流行病SIS模型,讨论了解的有界性。应用特征根法得到了平衡点局部渐近稳定的充分条件,进一步,分析了平衡点的全局稳定性,得到了边界平衡点和正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件。     

An Explicit Second-Order Numerical Scheme to Solve Decoupled Forward Backward Stochastic Equations

An explicit numerical scheme is proposed for solving decoupled forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDE) represented in integral equation form. A general error inequality is derived for this numerical scheme, which also implies its stability. Error estimates are given based on this inequality, showing that the explicit scheme can be second-order. Some numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the high accuracy of the proposed scheme.