微氧耦合电化学强化污水厌氧消化的除碳脱氮

传统污水厌氧消化处理技术同步除碳脱氮效率低下。针对这一问题，该研究提出了一种微氧耦合铁碳微生物电解池强化污水厌氧处理的技术。结果表明，在外加电压为0.6 V作用下，DO质量浓度为0.84 mg/L的微氧介入可明显提高反应器的厌氧消化甲烷化效能，且在低有机负荷运行下可同时提高除碳脱氮性能。其中，微氧介入的铁碳微生物电解池耦合厌氧反应器的平均甲烷产量最大提高至91.85 mL/d,是空白组的4.5倍，总氮去除率较空白组提高18.1%。16S rRNA高通量测序表明，微氧耦合铁电极可有效提高Petrimonas、Methanosarcina等微生物丰度，提升除碳脱氮功能菌丰度。     

外加Fe2+协同硝酸盐型铁氧化菌对低碳氮比废水 反硝化影响研究

针对废水处理过程中反硝化阶段碳源不足需要外加有机物的情况,通过驯化培养以Fe~(2+)为电子供体的硝酸盐型厌氧铁氧化菌(NAIOM),接种至普通反硝化污泥中(ASBR反应器),研究了NAIOM污泥及外加Fe~(2+)对反硝化脱氮效果的提升。结果表明:反应器在接种NAIOM污泥和投加Fe~(2+)后,碳氮比较高时NO_3~--N去除率变化不大,随着碳氮比的不断降低NO_3~--N去除率提升逐渐明显,在碳氮比为3.42、 2.28、 1.71时分别为90.20%、85.12%、 78.86%,较普通反硝化污泥不投加Fe~(2+)时的NO_3~--N去除率分别提升了17.80%、 24.59%、 28.70%,接种NAIOM污泥协同外加Fe~(2+)对提高低碳氮比废水的NO_3~--N去除率效果显著。     

城市污水自养脱氮系统中有机物与磷的回收

厌氧氨氧化的发现使开发低能耗城市污水处理技术成为可能,可通过生物吸附实现污水能源与资源的回收。强化除磷系统污泥龄(SRT)仅为2 d,系统抗冲击性强,污泥沉降性良好,污泥体积指数(SVI)低于50,可为自养脱氮系统提供稳定的进水,但系统污泥碳含量仅为37%。将反应器内好氧水力停留时间(HRT)降至 40 min后,实现有机物去除序批式反应器(SBR)的稳定运行,厌氧段COD去除率占总COD去除率的93.8%,这表明系统对有机物的去除主要为生物吸附作用,同时污泥碳含量提升至48%。由于异养菌对有机物的消耗利用与除磷菌的吸磷过程同时进行,若试验废水C/P比较低,可降低系统水力停留时间、提升碳的回收率并辅助少量的化学除磷手段,对系统厌氧搅拌时间、曝气时间及污泥龄进行优化,从而实现C与P的高效回收。     

低温胁迫下海藻糖强化厌氧氨氧化污泥活性研究

利用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,采用实验室已经驯化好的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,在低温(12℃)条件下进行连续流培养,研究低温胁迫条件下不同的海藻糖投加量对UASB反应器脱氮效能和厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响。结果表明,投加适宜的海藻糖可以提高厌氧氨氧化菌的活性。在投加海藻糖浓度为0.1 mmol/L时,脱氮效果最佳,NH4+-N、NO2--N、TN去除率分别为70%、73%、63%;与未投加海藻糖相比,能够使TN去除负荷提升26%左右。     

亚硝酸型硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺运行性能的研究

研究评估了生物亚硝酸型硝化反应器与Anammox反应器组成的新型脱氮系统的可行性及该系统的脱氮效率.在两个反应器成功启动的基础上,得出反应器容积负荷率过大时,厌氧氨氧化反应器的去除能力未能同步的得到提高;脱氮系统总的NH4 -N平均去除率达95%以上,系统的容积氨氮去除率为20.1 mg/(L·d),有机物的总去除率稳定在90%左右.     

磁铁矿负载生物炭强化厌氧微生物处理2,4-二氯苯酚废水

氯酚类化合物是一类对环境具有持续污染性的有毒有机物，在厌氧处理时具有生物毒害性。本文通过构建磁铁矿改性生物炭改善上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）内的导电性与加快铁还原过程，强化厌氧微生物对氯酚废水的去除效果。结果表明，加入磁铁矿负载生物炭的反应器化学需氧量（COD）、2,4-二氯苯酚去除率分别提高了20%与54.1%。磁铁矿负载生物炭具有多官能团与强接受/贡献电子能力，反应器内污泥充放电性提升23.8%。微生物群落结构分析显示，磁铁矿负载生物炭的加入提高了Mesotoga等水解菌丰度，提高了Petrimonas等具有电子传递功能的细菌丰度，抵抗高有机负荷冲击，加速酚类化合物的降解与转化。     

硫酸盐还原推动短程硝化反硝化处理火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液

采用物化方法处理后的火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液。在厌氧条件下通过上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)去除尾液中大部分COD,并利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)制取硫化物。运行稳定后将出水接入序批式反应器(SBR),利用硫化物和尾液中较高的盐度对亚硝酸氧化菌的抑制作用建立短程硝化,通过改变低氧、厌氧条件推动自养反硝化一体化脱氮。并长期观察研究了污泥生物量的变化及污泥颗粒化趋势。结果表明,在UASB启动并持续运行52 d后,出水连接SBR并运转142 d,可稳定实现90%的TN去除率及95%的COD去除率。该技术具有反应稳定性高、COD去除及脱氮效果好、污泥产生量少、反应条件可控性高等优点,适用于处理火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液。     

内循环膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水

介绍了一种新型低能耗、高效膜生物反应器——内循环膜生物反应器（ICMBR）。反应器是在IC反应器的第二好氧反应室设置中空纤维膜组件和穿孔曝气管构成的IC＋MBR集成工艺;其运行特征相当于上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）和膜生物反应器（MBR）的串联运行,并利用气体提升达到内循环,成功实现有机物去除和同步生物脱氮,CODCr和TN去除率分别达到90％以上。     

腐殖质/铁氧化物协同促进2,4-D微生物厌氧降解

构建"铁/腐殖质还原菌(Comamonas koreensis,CY01)、腐殖质模式物、铁氧化物、2,4-D"厌氧反应体系,研究2,4-D转化效率与转化途径,探讨2,4-D转化促进机制。结果表明,CY01对2,4-D的直接脱氯效果微弱,蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠(AQDS)与针铁矿(α-FeOOH)的加入可有效促进2,4-D厌氧转化,25 d时降解率提高2倍,达33.3%。CY01/AQDS/α-FeOOH/2,4-D体系中,AQDS、Fe(Ⅲ)及2,4-D微生物还原3种过程同时存在,AQDS和Fe(Ⅲ)充当电子穿梭体,加速胞内电子向胞外2,4-D的转移,协同促进2,4-D还原脱氯。本研究可为难降解有机氯农药污染土壤的修复研究提供借鉴。     

厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动试验研究

采用自制厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR),分别以好氧絮状污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥探究厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动情况。分别经过70、40 d的培养,厌氧氨氧化反应得以发生。随后通过加大进水基质浓度来提高污泥的脱氮活性,到第120天时,两个反应器对氨氮和亚硝氮的去除率分别达到了44.6%、57.5%和64.2%、71.7%;其中氨氮去除量与亚硝氮去除量和硝氮生成量的物质的量之比分别为:1∶1.28∶0.23和1∶1.23∶0.23,接近理论值(1∶1.32∶0.26)。     

Simultaneous removal of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by coupling two-step anaerobic digestion with a sequencing batch reactor

The objective of this study was to develop an integrated process for simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial wastewaters. The process consisted of a-two step anaerobic digestion reactor, for carbon removal, coupled with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for nutrient removal. In the proposed process, carbon is eliminated into biogas by anaerobic digestion: acidogenesis and methanogenesis. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced during the first step of anaerobic digestion can be used as electron donors for both dephosphatation and denitrification. In the third reactor (SBR) dephosphatation and nitrification are induced through the application of an anaerobic–aerobic cycle. This paper describes the first trials and experiments on the SBR and a period of 210 days during which the SBR was connected to the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. It was shown that nitrification of ammonia took place in the SBR reactor, during the aerobic phase. Furthermore, denitrification and VFA production were achieved together in the acidogenic reactor, when the efflux of nitrates from the SBR reactor was added to the first reactor influx. The proposed process was fed with a synthetic industrial wastewater, the composition of which was: total organic carbon (TOC)=2200 mg dm⁻³, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)=86 mg dm⁻³, phosphorus under phosphate form (P-PO₄)=20 mg dm⁻³. In these conditions, removals of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were 98%, 78% and 95% respectively. The results show that the combination of the two-step anaerobic digestion reactor and an SBR reactor is effective for simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Reactor arrangements enabled zones of bacterial populations to exist. Complete denitrification occurred in the acidogenic reactor and hence the anaerobic activity was not reduced or inhibited by the presence of nitrate, thus allowing high TOC removal. Stable phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake took place in the SBR after coupling of the three reactors. A fast-settling compact sludge was generated in the SBR with the operational conditions applied, thus giving good separation of supernatant fluid. The benefits from this process are the saving of (i) an external carbon source for denitrification and phosphorus removal, (ii) a reactor for the denitrification step. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

接种厌氧絮状污泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动

厌氧氨氧化技术因其节能、运行费用低、不需添加有机物等优点而备受关注,但反应器启动慢是该技术面临的瓶颈问题。为了加速厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动,该研究在两个不同阶段中先后在同一UASB反应器中接种絮状污泥和添加颗粒活性炭,以含NH4+-N和NO2--N的人工配水为进水,进行连续试验,并在试验过程中调整运行参数,最终添加活性炭的絮状污泥反应器在运行85 d后成功启动厌氧氨氧化过程,总氮去除率稳定在80%-90%。结果表明在使用活性炭吸附法固定化时,反应器启动迅速,活性炭可以成为厌氧氨氧化菌的理想载体。     

白龙港污水处理厂混合污泥厌氧消化工艺试验

该文采用白龙港污水处理厂产生的化学强化一级处理污泥和剩余污泥成功启动了中温厌氧消化反应器,并进行了混合污泥厌氧消化稳定性研究.结果表明:采用化学强化一级处理污泥和剩余污泥组成的混合污泥,经过16d的培养驯化,系统启动成功,平均产气量为0.807 m3/kgVSS,有机物降解率为33.5 ％～70.1％;在培养和稳定运行...     

污水处理厂剩余污泥的中温厌氧消化特性研究

对天津某污水处理厂的剩余污泥进行中温厌氧消化试验,研究了在不同HRT下的产气量、有机物去除率等指标,结果表明:剩余污泥经过中温消化,在HRT分别为30、20、10 d时,产气率分别为0.022、0.027、0.033 L/(g[VS].d);CODCr的去除率为18.8%～38.1%;由COD物料衡算得知,基质中40%的固态有机物被分解转化,COD甲烷转化率最高约为32.0%;对剩余污泥基质的元素组成进行分析,经计算推导出基质的模拟分子式为C9.87H16.72O33.81N。研究结果为污水处理厂剩余污泥厌氧消化工艺选择合适的工艺条件提供了理论参考。     

Anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m^?3 day^?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm³ per dm³ of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability.     

连续流状态下好氧颗粒污泥培养及其脱氮除磷性能研究

在上流式污泥床好氧颗粒污泥反应器中,以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种泥．采用人工配制的模拟废水为进水的条件下,成功培养出具有同步脱氮除磷的好氧颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥粒径在0．5~2mm,颗粒污泥沉淀速度在29～58m／h。MLSS为3077---4103mg／L。当COD的进水容积负荷为4．8kg／（m3·d）时,去除率高达96％以上。氨氮进水在160mg／L时,去除率达97％以上,出水氨氮在5mg／L以下。对总磷的去除率在22％-37％。主要是因为亚硝态氮浓度、COD／TN比和TN／TP比等对聚磷菌除磷有影响。     

Simultaneous high-strength organic and nitrogen removal with combined anaerobic upflow bed filter and aerobic membrane bioreactor

Biological treatment of high-strength nitrogen wastewater by a combined anaerobic (upflow sludge bed filter, UBF)/aerobic (membrane bioreactor, MBR) system has been studied. This system exhibited high performance on the removal of organic matter and nitrogen simultaneously. Organic and nitrogen concentrations increased from 6,000 to 14,500 mg/L and 300 to 1,000 mg/L, respectively. At the internal recycle ratio of Q (Q is the influent flow rate), average removal efficiencies of organic and total nitrogen were found to be 99 and 46%, respectively with the relatively short HRT of 24 h. When operated with the insufficient alkalinity supply, the organic removal efficiency in anaerobic reactor reduced from 98 to 82%. At high influent ammonia concentration, ammonification which is the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to NH₄⁺ was observed. In case of membrane fouling, transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the combined process was about 9 times higher than that of a unit MBR under same operation conditions. The reason of severe fouling in the combined system might be caused by increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and hydrophobicity. EPS composition and SUVA were more sensitive parameters than surface charge and total EPS content, with respect to the change of internal recycle ratio 100–300%.     

水溶性胶黏剂生产废水处理工程实例

针对水溶性胶黏剂生产废水有机物含量较高、水质波动大、难生物降解等特点,采用Fenton氧化+混凝沉淀+UASB+生物滤池的组合工艺对其进行处理。运行结果表明,系统运行稳定,出水COD≤500 mg/L,氨氮≤25 mg/L,SS≤400 mg/L,处理出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)的三级标准,COD、氨氮、SS去除率分别为93.6%、56.9%、89.5%,工艺处理成本为6.8元/m^3。     

厌氧序批式反应器的厌氧氨氧化工艺启动运行

在厌氧序批式反应器中接种好氧硝化污泥,进行了培养厌氧氨氧化污泥的研究。在进水pH值为7.2～7.8,温度为30±1℃的条件下运行142d,成功培养出厌氧氨氧化污泥。反应器内的污泥量(以VSS计)由原来的9.90g/L增加到18.99g/L,水力停留时间为1.20d,总氮容积负荷为0.4318kg/(m·3d)时,总氮去除率最高达到93.3%,平均为80.5%,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率最高分别达到93.9%和99.8%,平均去除率分别为81.2%和85.7%,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮去除的比例为1∶1.387±0.024。对该工艺优化实验研究表明,适宜pH值为7.2～7.8,最适宜温度为35℃;且适度强化反硝化作用有利于提高反应器的脱氮性能。     

污泥厌氧资源化利用积累SCFA的新策略及作用机制

为了探究磁铁矿对剩余污泥厌氧发酵生产短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的影响,以剩余污泥为研究对象,建立序批式厌氧反应器,通过比较pH,溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD),SCFA及乙酸钠的变化探究了磁铁矿纳米材料(Fe3O4NPs)对污泥厌氧发酵的影响。实验结果表明Fe3O4纳米材料的存在能够增加SCOD和SCFA含量,当Fe3O4NPs由0 mg/L增加至300 mg/L时,SCOD和SCFA的最大质量浓度分别由3256、1524 mg/L增加至4015、3460 mg/L。进一步研究发现适量Fe3O4NPs投加有助于乙酸钠的降解,而过量Fe3O4NPs的投加却抑制乙酸钠的降解。适量Fe3O4NPs的投加为厌氧微生物提供了微量元素,强化了微生物的活性。揭示Fe3O4NPs对污泥厌氧消化产酸的影响行为,为推动污泥厌氧消化技术进步提供理论依据和技术支撑。