CoNi/g-C3N4/GQDs纳米胶囊的宽频电磁波吸收调制

通过两步法制备了CoNi/g-C₃N₄/GQDs三元复合纳米胶囊,利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR对其物相组成和微观形貌进行了详细表征,并对材料在1~18 GHz的微波电磁参数和吸波性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,类海胆状的CoNi颗粒可以保证其复磁导率在较高水平,同时g-C₃N₄和GQDs在CoNi核心表面的复合可以通过界面偶极和本征偶极的互补性调控,调制微波介电特性和损耗。在L-Ku频段范围内,CoNi/g-C₃N₄/GQDs三元纳米胶囊通过介电调制的方式,极大地改善了电磁阻抗,获得了宽频吸收效果和吸波性能增强,在f=12.94 GHz和d=2.4 mm时,复合材料的反射损耗(RL)最小值达到-33.45 dB,当材料厚度为2.6 mm时,有效吸收频宽(RL<-10 dB)达到3.5 GHz。     

Preparation and microwave absorption properties of Ni(Co/Zn/Cu)Fe_2O_4/SiC@SiO_2 composites

Ni(Co/Zn/Cu)Fe_2O_4/SiC@SiO_2, a microwave absorber, was prepared by the sol-gel method. The phase structure and the morphology of the microwave absorbers were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. Laser sizer(LS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis show the core-shell structure of SiC@SiO_2. Coaxial method was used to measure the microwave absorption properties of the prepared composites in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. When 70 wt% SiC is wrapped by 30 wt% SiO_2,and 50 wt% NiFe_2O_4 is added into 50 wt% SiC@SiO_2, the as-prepared powders are found to have advanced microwave absorption properties with a minimum reflection loss(RL) of -32.26 dB at about 6.08 GHz, and the available bandwidth is approximately 2.1 GHz when the RL is below -10 dB.     

Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties of Double-Layer Absorbers Based on Spherical NiO and Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.4)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4 Ferrite Composites

Microwave absorption properties of spherical NiO particles and Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.4)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4(CNZF) ferrites with single-layer and double-layer absorbers were studied in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The spherical NiO particles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal process, while the CNZF powders were prepared by using a sol–gel autoignition method. The double-layer absorbers, composed of 30 wt% NiO as matching layer and 30 wt% CNZF as absorption layer,with a total thickness of 3.2 mm, exhibited a maximum reflection loss(RL) of –67.0 d B at 9.2 GHz and an effective absorbing bandwidth below –10 d B to be 3.9 GHz from 7.0 to 10.9 GHz. The excellent microwave absorption performance of the double-layer absorbers should be ascribed to the high impedance matching ratio, the great microwave attenuation capability, and well-coupled layer.     

不同形貌羰基铁的复合对电磁特性及吸波性能的影响

目的增强羰基铁的低频吸波性能,掌握吸收峰频率的调控方法。方法将球形羰基铁与片状羰基铁混合,制作复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜对两种羰基铁的微观形貌进行分析。通过矢量网络分析仪测量5种质量配比下(3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3)羰基铁复合材料的复介电常数和复磁导率,分析不同形貌羰基铁的复合对电磁特性的影响。同时分析不同配比羰基铁复合材料的吸波性能。结果随着球形羰基铁加入比例的提高,复合材料的复介电常数实部和虚部均逐步下降。羰基铁复合材料的复磁导率实部整体变化不大,虚部呈下降趋势。当片状羰基铁和球形羰基铁质量比为1∶2时,在3.08 GHz处最大吸波性能为20.2 dB,有效吸波带宽(反射率损耗不大于8 dB)为2.43 GHz。结论球形羰基铁的加入可以有效调控复合材料的吸收峰在低频范围内定向移动,增强1~4 GHz范围内的低频吸波强度,扩宽有效吸波带宽。球形羰基铁的加入,降低了片状羰基铁的介电常数,复合材料的电磁阻抗匹配条件得到优化,电磁损耗耦合效应增强,从而提升了该复合材料的吸波性能。     

La-Ho-Fe合金的制备及其微波吸收特性研究

采用电弧熔炼及高能球磨工艺制备出LaxHo2-xFe17(x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) 合金微粉,借助XRD、SEM、VSM和网络矢量分析仪等仪器分别研究La替换对合金微粉的结构、形貌、磁性能及其微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明, 随着La含量的增加,饱和磁化强度和平均颗粒大小都有所增加。LaxHo2-xFe17合金的最小反射峰频率向低频方向移动。其中La0.2Ho1.8Fe17合金具有最好的吸波效果,在最佳匹配厚度1.8 mm下,La0.2Ho1.8Fe17合金的最小反射损耗在8.72 GHz处达到-28.72 dB,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度达到2.32 GHz。当厚度在1.2-2.4 mm范围里,La0.2H1.8Fe17合金的反射损耗均小于-10 dB,这表明LaxHo2-xFe17是有前途的微波吸收材料,并具有良好的吸收特性。     

Nd元素对Ce2Co17为基体的合金吸波性能的影响

目前,具有高效、宽、薄等特点的微波吸收材料已经引起了研究人员的广泛关注。在此文中,采用真空电弧熔炼和高能球磨法制备片状NdxCe2-xCo17合金粉末并且通过相关设备研究Nd含量和匹配厚度对相组成、形貌、电磁参数和微波吸收性能的影响。结果显示,Nd0.3Ce1.7Co17粉末的最大反射率可以达到-32.36dB,同时有效带宽能扩大4倍。此外,调整Nd含量能成功优化Ce2Co17合金粉末的微波吸收性能。随着Nd含量的增加,吸收峰有向低频段移动的趋势,并且当厚度为1.8mm时,Nd0.3Ce1.7Co17 粉末在7.28 GHz处,最大反射率可以达到-30.53 dB并且有效带宽为2.24 GHz,这些表明Nd-Ce-Co合金可以用作在C波段具有低厚度、宽频和高效等特点的理想吸收材料。     

Dy对Pr2Fe17合金微波吸收特性的影响

采用电弧熔炼及高能球磨工艺制备出 DyxPr2-xFe17 (x =0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) 合金微粉,借助XRD、SEM、振动样品磁强计和网络矢量分析仪等仪器分别对合金微粉的结构、形貌、磁性能及其微波吸收性能进行了研究。研究发现, 随着Dy含量的增加,DyxPr2-xFe17微粉的饱和磁化强度降低。DyxPr2-xFe17合金的最小反射峰频率随Dy含量的增加往高频方向移动,最小反射损耗呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;其中Dy0.3Pr1.7Fe17合金具有最好的吸波效果,在最佳匹配厚度2.5 mm下,Dy0.3Pr1.7Fe17合金的最小反射损耗在5.04 GHz处达到-42.38 dB左右,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度达到了1.20 GHz。     

纺锤状ZnO/还原氧化石墨烯异质结构及其微波吸收性能

目的调节石墨烯的电磁匹配,以实现最优的微波吸收性能。方法通过改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯GO,以六水合硝酸锌、双六甲撑三胺、氧化石墨烯为原料,采用水热法在140℃获得了具有异质结构的包裹r-GO的纺锤状ZnO棒(S-ZnO/r-GO)。通过X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试,分别对S-ZnO/r-GO的组成成分、形貌特征以及微观结构进行了表征,同时采用同轴法,通过矢量网络分析仪测试分析了不同填充浓度下S-ZnO/r-GO复合材料在2~18 GHz范围内的电磁特性,并通过计算得到了材料的微波反射率损耗。结果尺寸均匀且相互交织的纺锤状ZnO棒被大量褶皱的还原氧化石墨烯所包覆,构建了一种相互连接的三维交织结构。纺锤状ZnO的引入以及三维结构的建立,明显改善了S-ZnO/r-GO异质结构在2~18 GHz频率范围内的电磁特性和微波响应。在厚度为2.0 mm,频率为14.8 GHz处,最大反射率损耗值达到−40 dB,有效吸收带宽几乎覆盖整个Ku波段。结论纺锤状ZnO/r-GO复合材料表现出优异的微波吸收性能和较宽的有效吸收频段,具有一定的应用前景。     

Effect of Critical Plasma Spray Parameters on Microstructure and Microwave Absorption Property of Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>SiC<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Cordierite Coatings

Ti₃SiC₂/cordierite coatings with different critical plasma spray parameters (CPSP) were fabricated via atmospheric plasma spraying method. The microstructure and phase constitution of the as-sprayed Ti₃SiC₂/cordierite coatings were characterized. The effects of CPSP conditions on the electromagnetic shielding, and dielectric and microwave absorption properties of coatings in the frequency of 8.2-12.4 GHz were also measured and investigated. The results showed that both real and imaginary part of the complex permittivity decrease with increasing CPSP values, which can be ascribed to the decomposition of some Ti₃SiC₂ into TiC. The calculated reflection loss of the as-sprayed Ti₃SiC₂/cordierite coatings with different CPSP conditions and thicknesses indicates that coatings with CPSP 0.3, 0.35, and 0.425 exhibit excellent microwave absorption property in the thickness of 1.5 mm. In order to broaden the bandwidth of the coatings, a double-layer coating system was designed. The calculated reflection loss results show that when the thickness of matching layer is 0.3 mm and the thickness of absorbing layer is 1.5 mm, the double-layer coating system shows a proper microwave absorption property with a minimum absorption value of ?17.37 dB at 9.67 GHz and a absorption bandwidth (RL less than ?5 dB) of 4.16 GHz in the investigated frequency.     

钴-铁沉积碳化硅颗粒及其吸波性能

目的提高碳化硅微粒的微波吸收性能。方法利用改进的化学镀法,以硫酸钴和硫酸亚铁为主盐,次亚磷酸钠为还原剂,施镀温度为50℃,使用机械搅拌和超声分散相结合的方法,在预处理后的微米碳化硅颗粒表面沉积钴铁合金。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对化学镀前后材料的结晶状态、组成成分和形貌特征进行了表征;利用矢量网络分析仪对化学镀前后材料在2~18 GHz频率范围内的电磁性能进行了测试,并通过计算得到了材料微波反射率损耗。结果钴铁合金呈微球状均匀沉积在碳化硅表面,有效地改善了碳化硅材料的电磁性能和微波吸收性能。碳化硅的介电常数虚部存在界面极化和缺陷极化两个弛豫峰(9.1、13.8 GHz),而沉积钴铁合金后,碳化硅材料Co-Fe/SiC增加了两个弛豫峰:介电弛豫峰(11.7 GHz)和磁弛豫峰(12.6 GHz)。正是由于Co-Fe合金对微波信号的介电弛豫和磁弛豫,有效提升了材料的吸波性能。当吸波层厚度为2.4 mm时,反射率在10 dB以上的吸收带宽达到3.8 GHz,20 dB带宽可以达到1.5 GHz。当吸波层厚度为2.3 mm时,频率为12.7 GHz时达到最大吸收峰值–43 dB。结论在碳化硅材料表面沉积钴铁合金是一种有效改进材料微波吸收性能的方法,且该材料是一种高效、宽频的微波吸收材料。     

剥离的碳化钛（d-Ti3C2Tx）纳米片吸波性能

目的研究剥离的碳化钛(d-Ti3C2Tx)纳米片的吸波性能。方法利用HCl/LiF刻蚀,通过高速离心的方法得到d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析d-Ti3C2Tx的物相组成。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对d-Ti3C2Tx进行形貌分析。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)测量了d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片的厚度。利用矢量网络分析仪(VNA)测试了d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片与石蜡复合材料X波段的电磁参数。利用Cole-Cole图分析了复合材料的损耗来源,并通过电磁参数计算分析了d-Ti3C2Tx的吸波性能。结果d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片与石蜡复合材料的介电实部/虚部随着d-Ti3C2Tx浓度的增加而增大,极化的增强和电导网络的扩大是导致复合材料介电实部/虚部增加的主要原因。Cole-Cole图分析表明,复合材料中存在多种类型的极化,这分别是由缺陷、官能团和界面等引起的多重弛豫极化。吸波性能分析表明,通过改变d-Ti3C2Tx浓度,可以调控复合材料的吸波性能。当填充量达到15%时,吸波性能最佳。其在厚度为4 mm下最小反射损耗为−20.1 dB,相应的微波吸收带宽(<‒10 dB)为1.9 GHz。结论d-Ti3C2Tx/石蜡复合材料表现了优异的微波吸收性能,且通过改变d-Ti3C2Tx浓度,可以调控d-Ti3C2Tx复合材料的微波吸收性能。     

Atmosphere Plasma-Sprayed Carbon Nanotubes/Cordierite Nanocomposite Coatings for Microwave Absorption Applications

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/cordierite (MAS) nanocomposite coatings with different MWCNT contents were prepared via atmosphere plasma spraying method. The characteristics of the MWCNTs/MAS powders and as-sprayed coatings, such as microstructure and phase constitution, were observed and measured. The dielectric properties and microwave absorption properties of MWCNTs/MAS powders and nanocomposite coatings have been investigated at the frequency of 8.2-12.4 GHz with different MWCNT contents and sample thicknesses. When the MWCNT content increased to 7%, the nanocomposite coating revealed the highest dielectric constant and optimal microwave absorption property. Further increase in MWCNT content led to severe oxidation of MWCNTs during the plasma spray process, which resulted in lower dielectric constants and poor microwave absorption property. Moreover, the sample thickness has a noticeable influence on the reflection loss (RL) of the MWCNTs/MAS coatings, and the coating of 2.4-mm thickness shows optical microwave absorption with a minimum RL of ?15.61 dB and bandwidth of 2.35 GHz.     

Microstructure and microwave electromagnetic properties of Dy~（3＋）-doped W-type hexaferrites

Ba 1 x Dy x Co 2 Fe 16 O 27 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) was prepared by the solid-state method. The phase structure was studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), the electromagnetic properties were measured, and the reflection loss of Dy 3+ -doped ferrite material was calculated using electromagnetic parameters by the transmission line theory. All XRD patterns showed the single phase of the magnetoplumbite barium ferrite without other intermediate phase when x ≤ 0.15. The values of ε′ and ε″ increased slightly with Dy 3+ ions doping. The values of μ″ and μ′ were improved with Dy 3+ doping, exhibiting excellent microwave magnetic performance. The reasons have also been discussed using the electromagnetic theory. Dy substitution could increase microwave-absorbing performance and broaden frequency band (reflection loss (RL) < -10 dB), and the absorbing peak shifted to high-frequency position. When x = 0.2, ferrite layer exhibited the most excellent microwave-absorbing performance at a thin matching thickness of 1.5 mm. The peak value of RL was around -15 dB, and the frequency band (RL < -10 dB) was about 7 GHz (from 8 to 15 GHz).     

基于双磁介质层复合的超材料低频吸波体研究

本研究将磁性吸波涂层融入至超材料的结构设计中,得到了一种新型低频复合超材料吸波体,吸波体由环形电阻膜、双层磁性吸波涂层和金属背板组成。采用CST仿真软件计算了超材料吸波体的吸收性能,研究了吸波体各个结构参数对吸收性能的影响。仿真结果表明,设计的超材料吸波体厚度为2.5 mm时,在1.9和4 GHz处存在2个吸收峰,在1.59～6.59GHz频率范围内反射损耗低于-8dB,吸收带宽达到5GHz。通过吸波体电磁场分布对吸波机理进行了讨论。结果表明,吸波体低频吸收带宽的增加是由于表面的电阻膜图案改变了超材料吸波体的电场分布和磁场分布,促进了磁介质层的损耗。最后制备了吸波体样品并进行了反射率测试,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,说明设计制备的吸波体具有优异的低频吸波性能,吸波带宽相比磁性吸波涂层大幅提高。     

Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of mechanically mixed Nd2Fe14B/C microparticles

Nd₂Fe₁₄B/C microparticles were prepared by a mechanical mixing technique using a weight ratio of 2:1. Paraffin-bonded Nd₂Fe₁₄B/C composites were fabricated using 40 wt% microparticles, and their electromagnetic wave absorption properties were studied and compared with those of the paraffin-bonded Nd₂Fe₁₄B composites in the 2-18 GHz frequency range and for 1-5 mm thickness. The Nd₂Fe₁₄B/C-paraffin composites exhibit dual dielectric resonance in complex relative permittivity (?_r) and essentially flat response in complex relative permeability (μ_r) rather than showing an abrupt change in both ?_r and μ_r as in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B-paraffin composites. The results are ascribed to the increased electrical resistivity in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B/C-paraffin composites and the protection on the magnetic properties of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B microparticles at 2-18 GHz by the presence of the C phase. Large reflection loss (RL) exceeding −10 dB and an optimal RL of −13.2 dB are achieved in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B/C-paraffin composites from 9.6 to 18 GHz at a thickness of 1.4-2.6 mm and at 18 GHz at a thickness of 1.4 mm, respectively.     

Co3O4/Biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片的微波吸收性能

目的调节Co3O4纳米粒子的电磁匹配,以实现最佳的电磁波吸收性能,同时实现对轻质、强吸收、宽频带、小厚度电磁波吸收材料的追求。方法通过玉米秸秆制备生物质-rGO,采用水热法将生物质-rGO引入到Co3O4纳米粒子中制备具有异质结构的Co3O4/biomass-rGO纳米片。通过X射线衍射分析仪、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜测试,分别对Co3O4/biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片的组成、形貌以及结构进行表征,同时通过矢量网络分析仪测试分析生物质-rGO的引入对Co3O4/biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片吸波性能的影响。结果生物质-rGO的引入明显提高了Co3O4/biomass-rGO异质结构纳米片在2~18 GHz频率范围的电磁波吸收性能,不仅降低了有效吸收体厚度,同时还拓展了有效吸收频带宽度。在厚度为1.5 mm、频率为15.8 GHz时,达到–36.1 dB的最大反射损耗值。有效吸收频带宽度为15 GHz,在S、C、X、Ku波段均存在有效吸收,实现了在1.0~5.5 mm宽厚度范围内的全部有效吸收。结论通过引入生物质-rGO可以有效改善Co3O4的电磁匹配和介电损耗。     

High-Frequency Absorption Properties of Three Kinds of Hollow Multiphase Ceramic Microspheres

Al-TiO₂-Fe₂O₃-MnO₂-Fe-Sucrose-Epoxy Resin as reaction system and self-reactive quenching technology which combines flame thermal spraying, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and rapid solidification, were used to prepare three kinds of hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres (HMCMs) in different feeding gas (N₂, O₂) and dimension (coarse, fine). The characteristic results of three kinds of HMCMs indicated that various process parameters containing feeding gas and initial agglomerate size in this study can result in the change of surface organization, composition, morphology, and dimension. Investigation of microwave electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of three kinds of HMCMs showed that intrinsic characteristics play an important role in the determining the resulting properties. At 10-14.5 GHz, No. 3 HMCMs possess weak absorption intensity and narrow effective bandwidth (<?10 dB) owing to smaller dimension, but in higher-frequency band (14.5-17 GHz), an obvious absorption peak appears due to good EM match and nano-effects. Compared with No. 1 (O₂ coarse) and No. 3 (O₂ fine) HMCMs, enhanced absorption intensity and effective bandwidth (<?10 dB) were observed in No. 2 (N₂ coarse) HMCMs. Enhancements of absorption intensity and effective bandwidth are associated with extra nitride (AlN, FeN), partial open microspheres, M-hexagonal crystal and micro-nano thick dendrite. No. 2 HMCMs presented excellent microwave-absorption property, with the minimum reflectivity (R _L) of ?27.7 dB at 12.9 GHz. The effective bandwidth (<?10 dB) could reach to 4.1 GHz (10.9-15 GHz). This may be ascribed to the increased conductance loss, multiple scattering, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and shape anisotropy.     

高岭土表面镀覆Co-P层及其微波吸收性能研究

选用产于茂名和苏州的天然高岭土为原料,通过改性处理和化学镀工艺制备了高岭土复合物MK/Co-P和SK/Co-P,对比分析其显微结构、磁性和微波吸收性能。结果表明:Co-P镀层均为单相密排六方结构,在MK/Co-P中均匀沉积在高岭土片层表面,Co和P含量(质量分数)分别为36.62%和4.41%。而在SK/Co-P中镀层对高岭土微米级团簇包覆完整,Co和P含量显著下降。与SK/Co-P相比,MK/Co-P的饱和磁化强度和矫顽力较高,介电常数和磁导率大幅上升,其匹配厚度在2.0~3.0 mm的有效吸波频带(RL≤–20 d B)覆盖4.7~8.2 GHz,反射损耗最大值为–27.32 d B,应用前景较好。     

Synthesis and surface modification of cobalt nanoparticles and electromagnetic property of Co/PPy nanocomposites

In this work, cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction procedure. After the hydrophilic functionalization, Co/polypyrrole(PPy)nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous dispersion of Co nanoparticles. The Co/PPy nanocomposites show good electromagnetic properties with both magnetic loss and dielectric loss to electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave absorbing bandwidth(reflection loss \-10 d B) for Co/PPy(20 wt%) is above 5.5 GHz at a thickness of 2 mm, and with a maximum reflection loss(around-20.02 d B) at 14.77 GHz. This magnetic nanoparticles/conducting polymer nanocomposites are great potential candidates for electromagnetic wave absorbent, because of their wide-absorbing frequency,strong absorption, good compatibility, low density, and controllable absorbing properties.     

PVP对石墨烯/Fe3O4复合吸波材料形貌及吸波性能的影响

目的研究分散剂PVP对Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面分散性的影响,以获得吸波性能良好的吸波材料。方法采用溶剂热法制备石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、X射线光电子能谱、矢量网络分析仪等对石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料进行表征,并研究了PVP添加与否在石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料形貌及吸波性能的影响。结果添加PVP后的石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料与未添加PVP的相比,Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面的团聚现象明显减少,尺寸显著减小。通过计算机模拟反射率,未添加PVP的石墨烯/Fe_3O_4复合吸波材料在匹配厚度d=2.00 mm时,在16.25 GHz处达到最大反射损耗-18.79 dB,复合材料反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度可达4.1 GHz。添加PVP的复合材料在匹配厚度d=2.00 mm时,在16.25 GHz处达到最大反射损耗-25.88 dB,复合材料反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度可达4.5 GHz,相比未添加PVP的复合吸波材料,反射损耗小于-10 dB的频带宽度增加0.4 GHz,最大反射损耗提高7.09 dB。结论 PVP能提高Fe_3O_4在石墨烯表面的分散性,并在石墨烯表面形成良好的导电网络,使复合材料的吸波性能明显提升。