低功耗有损网络安全路由协议研究综述

随着物联网不断飞速发展，低功耗有损网络（LLN）的研究与应用成为一种发展趋势。首先，介绍了6LoWPAN与低功耗有损网络路由协议（RPL）的基本原理和结构；其次，总结了LLN中RPL所面对的主要安全威胁以及应对方法，根据协议所采用的不同策略进行归纳、分类和比较；然后，对国内外已有安全RPL研究情况进行了介绍和分析，同时对现有安全威胁和解决方案进行了总结；最后，提出了在大规模、移动性、自组织、低功耗的RPL中需要进一步研究的安全问题和发展趋势。     

面向IPv6物联子网的轻量级树型转发模型

在IPv6 物联网中,RPL 路由模型已得到广泛的认可.然而对于规模较大的多跳网络结构,RPL 面临着部分转发节点路由容量较大的问题.而且物联子网中扁平化的地址结构使得这一问题更为突出.设计了支持IPv6 地址自动分配的轻量级树型转发模型TFAD（tree forwarding model with address automatically distributed）,将物联子网中的节点构造成一棵层次转发树,树节点的IPv6 地址在子树范围内高度聚合.各节点只需存储与其子节点数相当的转发项,即可完成TFAD 模型的数据转发.此外,设计了TFAD 模型的备份父节点机制,当网络出现故障时能够以子树为单位进行网络拓扑重构,实现物联子网的快速路由恢复.实验验证了TFAD 模型的高效路由存储性能以及快速的路由学习能力和故障后路由恢复能力.     

Optimized mobility management for RPL/6LoWPAN based IoT network architecture using the firefly algorithm

RPL (Routing Protocol for low-power and Lossy Networks) is a new attractive model that secures the networks from different routing risks. The dynamic environment and limited resources motivated the research towards identifying a stable, reliable, energy efficient, and scalable routing design. IPv6 over low-power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is a standard RPL IPv6 routing protocol that provides Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) interoperability. In this research work, an energy efficient and optimization-based mobility management framework in RPL routing protocol was proposed (mRPL-based firefly optimization algorithm) to achieve a reliable and stable protocol. From the results, it can be inferred that the proposed system (mRPL+firefly optimizer) showed better performance with regard to the Packet_Delivery_Ratio (PDR), number of hops, End_To_End delay and power consumption when compared to existing systems: RPL, mRPL, mRPL+PSO, and mRPL+ACO. The experimental outcome showed that the proposed system improved the PDR on an average of 2.31% in comparison with existing systems.     

一种针对RPL入侵检测的自适应节能算法

RPL（IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks）是IPv6低功耗有损无线网络的路由层协议,缺乏健全的安全保护机制且运行于资源受限的物联网设备导致容易受到网络攻击,因此在进行安全检测时应尽可能减少消耗设备资源。针对上述问题,分析了RPL网络的拓扑结构、RPL的入侵检测技术和常见网络攻击的原理,论证并提出了能够降低设备功率和网络负载的自适应节能算法,最后基于Contiki 3.0和Cooja实现并验证了该算法的有效性。实验结果表明,该算法能够根据网络拓扑挑选出有效的检测节点,在保证检测率的情况下降低约12%的设备平均功率。     

Dynamic and comprehensive trust model for IoT and its integration into RPL

Ensuring security in IoT routing protocols is more challenging due to the fact that devices are mobile, resource constrained, and heterogeneous. The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) as the de facto routing protocol for IoT provides a little protection against routing attacks. On the other hand, the standard RPL because of the use of a single metric in routing has limitations that ultimately results in loss of network performance. To overcome the limitations of the use of a single metric and to prevent the consequences of routing attacks, we used the concept of trust and propose dynamic and comprehensive trust model for IoT (DCTM-IoT) and integrate it into RPL (DCTM-RPL). We provide a comprehensive hierarchical model for trusting of things in IoT, which has a multi-dimensional vision of trust. We put the combination of metrics and necessary activities to deal with attacks under the umbrella of trust level calculation. The performance of DCTM-RPL is compared with the standard RPL protocol in mobile environment and under routing major attacks. DCTM-RPL demonstrates its superior performance over the standard RPL protocol in the detection and isolation attacks. The DCTM-RPL, in addition to resistance mitigating routing attacks, improves network performance.

     

数据中心网络路由研究进展

随着云计算的迅速发展,运营商对数据中心的需求与日俱增.作为数据中心网络的关键技术,路由负责在数据中心内部以及数据中心之间为流量选路,为不同服务质量要求的流量提供差异化的路由转发服务.当数据中心规模比较大时,由于应用不可预估的通信流量以及数据中心网络的拓扑特点,传统因特网路由方法不能提供令人满意的高吞吐率和资源利用率,网...     

BE-RPL: Balanced-load and Energy-efficient RPL

Internet of Things (IoT) empowers imaginative applications and permits new services when mobile nodes are included. For IoT-enabled low-power and lossy networks (LLN), the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has become an established standard routing protocol. Mobility under standard RPL remains a difficult issue as it causes continuous path disturbance, energy loss, and increases the end-to-end delay in the network. In this unique circumstance, a Balanced-load and Energy-efficient RPL (BE-RPL) is proposed. It is a routing technique that is both energy-efficient and mobility-aware. It responds quicker to link breakage through received signal strength-based mobility monitoring and selecting a new preferred parent reactively. The proposed system also implements load balancing among stationary nodes for leaf node allocation. Static nodes with more leaf nodes are restricted from participating in the election for a new preferred parent. The performance of BE-RPL is assessed using the COOJA simulator. It improves the energy use, network control overhead, frame acknowledgment ratio, and packet delivery ratio of the network.     

一种基于IPv6的物联网分布式源地址验证方案

作者在融合物联网的新一代互联网网络环境下,提出了基于IPv6的源地址验证整体架构.基于该架构,考虑物联网节点资源受限特点,并结合物联网末梢网络的拓扑形态及其路由方式上的特征,设计了基于IPv6的物联网末梢网络分布式源地址验证方案.分别讨论了静态指定、SLAAC(Stateless Address AutoConfiguration)、DHCPv6(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version 6)以及DHCPv6与SLAAC混合情况下的物联网节点IP地址分配及其验证机制.模拟实验表明,该方案仅以微小的代价实现了物联网节点IP地址的分配,同时还保证了物联网节点之间、物联网节点与互联网端系统之间端到端通信时双方IP地址的真实可靠性,从而整体上增强了物联网的安全性.     

Next-generation corporate networks

The Internet Protocol will bring together two disparate networks now vital to every business: the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and the Internet. Next generation enterprise networks (NGENs) must fulfill current expectations for corporate networks, plus also seamlessly support mobility and multimedia applications. And they must do this within flexible, often adaptive, self-configuring, and interoperable architectures. NGENs also must be user-friendly and scalable. They must support bandwidth and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, in addition to delivering the expected reliability and availability. To meet these requirements, the trend is to consolidate disparate networks into one simple (IP only) high-capacity, reliable, scalable, QoS-aware network. NGENs will use one set of protocols (such as IPv4 or IPv6), processes, and vendors and one set of management, administration, and billing processes. They must be able to easily accommodate emerging technologies and services     

无线Ad Hoc网络QoS路由协议研究的进展与展望

无线ad hoc网络是一种无固定通信设备支持、节点可自由移动的多跳全分布式无线网络。无线ad hoc网络的应用环境以及与Internet的互连要求它必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证，而QoS路由协议是无线ad hoc网络支持QoS的一个关键理论和技术，也是目前的一个研究热点。本文回顾了近年来国内外在无线ad hoc网络QoS路由协议研究方面取得的研究成果，对已有的无线ad hoc网络的QoS路由协议进行了分类．并对它们作了较全面的概括。总结和深入的比较分析，系统阐述了在无线ad hoc网络中实现QoS路由协议时需要考虑的因素，指出了亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向。     

无线Ad Hoc网络支持QoS的研究进展与展望

无线ad hoc网络的应用环境以及与Internet的互连要求它必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证,然而,无线信道固有的特点及节点移动造成网络拓扑的频繁变化,使得在无线ad hoc网络中支持QoS面临许多新的挑战.从无线ad hoc网络的QoS体系结构、QoS路由、QoS信令、支持业务区分和资源预留的介质访问控制协议这4个方面出发,对近年来国内外在该方向取得的研究成果作了全面的概括总结和比较分析,系统阐述了在无线ad hoc网络中支持QoS的问题,指出了亟待解决的问题和今后的研究方向.     

Internet of Things Enabled Energy Aware Metaheuristic Clustering for Real Time Disaster Management

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a major element of Internet of Things (IoT) networks which offer seamless sensing and wireless connectivity. Disaster management in smart cities can be considered as a safety critical application. Therefore, it becomes essential in ensuring network accessibility by improving the lifetime of IoT assisted WSN. Clustering and multihop routing are considered beneficial solutions to accomplish energy efficiency in IoT networks. This article designs an IoT enabled energy aware metaheuristic clustering with routing protocol for real time disaster management (EAMCR-RTDM). The proposed EAMCR-RTDM technique mainly intends to manage the energy utilization of nodes with the consideration of the features of the disaster region. To achieve this, EAMCR-RTDM technique primarily designs a yellow saddle goatfish based clustering (YSGF-C) technique to elect cluster heads (CHs) and organize clusters. In addition, enhanced cockroach swarm optimization (ECSO) based multihop routing (ECSO-MHR) approach was derived for optimal route selection. The YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques compute fitness functions using different input variables for achieving improved energy efficiency and network lifetime. The design of YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques for disaster management in IoT networks shows the novelty of the work. For examining the improved outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM system, a wide range of simulations were performed and the extensive results are assessed in terms of different measures. The comparative outcomes highlighted the enhanced outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM algorithm over the existing approaches.     

IPv6下的DiffServ机制的研究与仿真

服务质量(QoS)对于Internet用户来说,是至关重要的I。Pv4网络的缺点之一就是缺少对QoS的支持,对所有通信应用都以尽力而为(Best Effort)的方式提供服务。对于一些实时性较强的应用(如视频会议等),无法对其特殊性给予保障。IPv6协议在吸取了IPv4教训的基础上,不仅解决了32位地址的局限,而且增加了OoS支持,端到端的安全机制,跳数限制等。本文主要针对IPv6下QoS中DiffServ机制的原理、架构及实施过程进行了研究,并且使用网络仿真软件OPNETModeler构建了DiffServ环境,进行了仿真试验。分别使用不同的排队机制进行试验,然后针对仿真结果进一步分析。     

一种基于遗传算法的多约束QoS多播路由优化算法

随着Internet、移动网络和高性能网络的不断发展,在网络和不确定参数下具有多约束QoS多播路由优化技术已成为网络及分布式系统领域的一个重要研究课题,这也是下一代Internet和高性能网络的难题。它吸引了许多爱好者。论文研讨了具有多约束QoS多播路由问题,其中主要包含延迟、延迟抖动、带宽、分组丢失率等QoS约束,文中描述了一种适应于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型。论文在网络环境及不确定参数下,提出了一种在网络规模、可行性方面优化Internet、移动网络和其他高性能网络的基于遗传算法的多约束QoS多播路由优化算法(MQROGA)。MQROGA在网络环境及不确定参数下能够优化网络资源,如带宽、延迟、分组丢失率等得到一个最优解和次优解。仿真实验结果表明,MQROGA为QoS多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径。     

无线传感器网络的RPL路由协议研究

路由协议执行网络拓扑描述、路由选择和数据包转发的功能,影响整个网络的性能和存活时间。现有的路由协议需要发送大量数据包维护网络拓扑,以及大量的存储空间来存储路由条目。由于硬件的限制,无线传感器节点无论是能量,还是其处理能力、存储能力都受到极大的制约。因此,IETFRoLL工作组提出了一种针对低功耗有损网络的IPV6路由协议,即RPL路由协议。文中对RPL路由协议的拓扑构建过程、数据包路由过程和Trickle定时器的算法等进行了分析,通过使用COOJA仿真工具对其进行仿真,验证了RPL路由协议在低功耗有损网络中具有较高的性能。     

单播和多播QoS路由问题研究及解决方法

当前的互联网只能提供“尽力而为”的发送服务,使网络层无法控制传输质量,因此,为不同应用提供不同QoS的服务是网络用户的基本要求和互联网面临的重要研究课题。近几年,有关IP QoS的讨论焦点是Intserv、Diffserv、MPLS等服务模型和框架,在资源受限的网络环境下,这些解决方案实现的基础是QoS路由。论文的目的是在明确QoS路由重要性的基础上,通过建立网络模型和度量合成规则,详细分析单播和多播可能遇到的单度量的基本路由问题和多度量的组合路由问题,并给出解决这些路由问题的方法和计算复杂度,这对于设计和实现可行的QoS路由协议或算法有一定参考价值。     

IPv6地址路由机制研究综述

IPv6协议是在IPv4的基础上发展起来为了解决现有网络问题的协议。其地址路由机制是下一代网络运行的基础。该文介绍了IPv6协议现有的地址路由的一些机制和标准,在这些机制的基础上总结了现今IPv6路由的热点问题,并参考了国内外的一些研究文档,对这些问题的一些解决方案进行了概括描述和分析。最后对于目前研究的方向和解决方法进行归纳。     

IPv6 在广播电视网络的研究与应用

随着 IPv4 地址资源的枯竭,物联网等新技术的兴起,IPv6 将进入高速发展期。对于运营商来说,IPv6 是向下一代互联网演进必然选择。下一代互联网的演进将是一个循序渐进的过程,IPv4 和 IPv6 将在长时间内共存,这意味着运营商在向 IPv6 网络演进的同时还要继续对传统 IPv4 网络提供支持。因此,在技术演进路线选择上需要在用户体验和网络投资两方面寻求平衡。本文从平台到终端等环节阐述了广电网络运营商向IPv6过渡的规划思路及技术路线,并通过家庭智能网关在现网的测试验证了广电网络 IPv6 端到端的支持能力。     

Ad Hoc网络QoS多播路由协议

随着高性能网络、移动网络及Internet的不断发展，具有QoS约束的多播路由技术已成为网络及分布式系统领域的一个重要研究课题．该文研讨了Ad Hoc网络中具有Qos约束的多播路由问题，其中主要包含延迟、带宽、代价等Qos约束．文中描述了一种适应于研究Ad Hoc网络Qos多播路由的网络模型，提出了Ad Hoc网络中一种具有QoS约束的多播路由协议(QMRP)．文中给出了该协议的正确性证明和复杂性分析．仿真实验结果表明，该协议较其它协议更适合于网络状态变化比较频繁的环境以及实时多媒体应用，优化了多播树的代价．QMRP为Ad Hoc网络QoS约束多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径．     

基于下一代互联网的IPv6路由协议研究

IPv6是下一代互联网发展的基石,它解决了IPv4存在的一些问题和不足,同时还在许多方面进行了改进,如路由协议、QoS和支持移动性等,并大大增加了地址空间。RIPng和OSPFv3等协议是基于IPv6的主要路由技术,目前大多数互联网用户使用IPv4协议,深入开展IPv6在下一代互联网的应用研究具有重要意义。