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1.
The world is facing a new healthcare crisis with the rise and spread of novel coronavirus since December 2019.
Also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the disease associated with SARSCoV-2 is even called COVID-19. The infection is said to have originated from the bat community and transmitted to
humans through an intermediate host (yet unknown) in Wuhan, in the Hubei region of China. COVID-19 is having
a pulverizing impact on the scientific community. As of August 13, 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached
up to 20,439,814 and the death toll to 744,385, affecting more than 188 territories across the globe. In these difficult
times, the world is looking towards research and clinical work from different scientific communities to lead the way
to a solution to the issue. In this review, we are focusing on COVID-19 emergence, pathogenicity, and existence in
humans, as well as the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism and its similarities to previous coronavirus strains. 相似文献
2.
FEI CHEN CHUN LUAN ZICHUN WEI DECHEN CAI ZHIWEN CUI YUYANG LI HAO WU XIAOXIA ZHANG XIAOLI WU 《Biocell》2022,46(6):1425-1433
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a potential threat to infant health. The World Health Organization recommended that the benefits of breastfeeding far outweigh the potential risk of transmission, but there is no denying that the current evidence is insufficient. Moreover, although the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine has played an effective role in protection against infection, individuals have increasing concerns about the safety of breastfeeding after vaccination, and which have caused some breastfeeding women to postpone vaccination or stop breastfeeding early. Thus, in this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of whether SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccine will affect babies through breast milk. On one hand, only a very small number of milk samples were identified positive for viral RNA and almost impossible to be live virus particles. The milk of most lactating women after vaccination did not contain vaccine-related mRNA and polyethylene glycol. On the other hand, the antibodies and biologically active molecules like lactoferrin are abundant in the milk of lactating women who have been infected or vaccinated, which can provide potential protection against infants’ respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, in terms of implications for clinical practice, the results of our study support that lactating women who have been infected or vaccinated should be encouraged to breastfeed their infants under the premise of taking appropriate sanitary measures. 相似文献
3.
QIANG WANG GUO ZHAO LONGXIANG XIE XUAN LI XIXI YU QIONGSHAN LI BAOPING ZHENG ZULIPINUER WUSIMAN XIANGQIAN GUO 《Biocell》2023,47(2):367-371
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Here, by centralizing published cell-based experiments, clinical trials, and virtual drug screening data from the NCBI PubMed database, we developed a database of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19, dbSCI, which includes 234 SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors collected from publications based on cell-based experiments, 81 drugs of COVID-19 in clinical trials and 1305 potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from bioinformatics analyses. dbSCI provides four major functions: (1) search the drug target or its inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2, (2) browse target/inhibitor information collected from cell experiments, clinical trials, and virtual drug screenings, (3) download, and (4) submit data. Each entry in dbSCI contains 18 types of information, including inhibitor/drug name, targeting protein, mechanism of inhibition, experimental technique, experimental sample type, and reference information. In summary, dbSCI provides a relatively comprehensive, credible repository for inhibitors/drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and their potential targeting mechanisms and it will be valuable for further studies to control COVID-19. 相似文献
4.
DOMENICO MARIA CARRETTA MARINA DI DOMENICO ROBERTO LOVERO ROBERTO ARRIGONI ANGELIKA ELZBIETA WEGIERSKA MARIAROSARIA BOCCELLINO REA BALLINI IOANNIS ALEXANDROS CHARITOS LUIGI SANTACROCE 《Biocell》2022,46(8):1779-1788
The existence of an inflammatory process in the heart muscle, related to a progressive worsening of myocardial
function, different etiopathogenetic mechanisms concur and often overlap, thus making the diagnosis and the therapeutic
approach complex. As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, the effects of the disease on the organ systems and in
particular on the cardiovascular system are becoming more and more profound. Cardiac involvement is a well-known
event with a high percentage of findings in the heart’s magnetic field, even in asymptomatic areas. There are
numerous uncertainties regarding their evolution, in the long and short term, due not only to a difficult to determine
the varied clinical expression and the rarely performed intramyocardial biopsy which additionally presents diagnostic
problems but also in part to different clinical prognosis. Today, the new SARS-CoV-2 virus that uses the angiotensin
converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is present at high levels in myocardial cells as its entrance it can create even
severe heart injury. The pathophysiology in all of these cases can involve multiple immune and non-immune
mechanisms within organs and vessels and can be occur in the clinical phases. Possible mechanisms of direct and
indirect myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19 include additional lesion and oxygen-rich and generalized
inflammation response with myocardial immune hyperactivity (myocarditis). Therefore, these can occur through the
excessive release of cytokines, the presence of thrombocytopenia, endocrine damage, heart failure, arrhythmias and
more. Patients can show average signs of myocardial damage, and some develop spontaneous cardiac complications,
such as heart failure, arrhythmias and, rarely, rare cardiogenic disorders. Pathophysiology in all of these may involve
multiple mechanisms within the cytokine cephalic membrane, endocrine damage and thrombogenicity. The diagnosis
of this myocardial injuri is mainly based on the myocardial enzyme troponin. This viewpoint paper explains today’s
knowledge on viral myocarditis, in particular that from SARS-CoV-2 infection, if there is a connection with other
possible biomolecular pathogenetic factors that can influence its natural course. In fact, it is for this reason that the
pathogenetic mechanisms are analyzed and described. At the same time, its possible interaction with other parameters
that are documented risk factors for cardiovascular disease was examined. Although these biomolecular findings were
mainly related to necrotic parts of the myocardium, it is important to recognize that myocardial damage early for a
better approach and prognosis. 相似文献
5.
SUBHASH CHANDRA SANTWANA PALAI EDINARDO FAGNER FERREIRA-MATIAS IVO CAVALCANTE PITA-NETO CíCERO LUCAS GOMES-RAMALHO EDLANE MARTINS DE ANDRADE RAY SILVA DE ALMEIDA MARCELLO IRITI HENRIQUE DOUGLAS MELO-COUTINHO 《Biocell》2023,47(4):677-695
Indian medicinal plants are referred to as the “nectar of life” owing to their phytochemicals and bioactive complexes that are beneficial in treating diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health issue without any proper medication. The indigenous plants of India can be exploited to control the precise signs of SARS-CoV-2. The Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) has advised routine usage of medicinal plants for COVID-19. Medicinal plants like Zingiber officinalis, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Nigella sativa, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Allium sativum, Tinospora cordifolia, etc. have immunity-boosting, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that can suppress and treat symptoms of COVID-19. In vitro, in vivo as well as in silico validation, these phytochemicals can help us to manage and treat COVID-19 disease. This integration of traditional knowledge in the prophylaxis of corona infection and current skills validating it for the development of precise and powerful therapeutic approaches will more efficiently resolve different clinical aspects of COVID-19. The review focuses on both traditional and emergent methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 with various Indian medicinal plants along with their phytochemicals. 相似文献
6.
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks highlighted the need for effective, reliable, fast, easy-to-do and cheap diagnostics
procedures. We pragmatically experienced that an early positive-case detection, inevitably coupled with a mass
vaccination campaign, is a milestone to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can indeed
play a crucial role in this context, as their physicochemical, optics and electronics properties are being extensively
used in photothermal therapy (PTT), radiation therapy (RT), drug delivery and diagnostic. AuNPs can be synthesized
by several approaches to obtain different sizes and shapes that can be easily functionalized with many kinds of
molecules such as antibodies, proteins, probes, and lipids. In addition, AuNPs showed high biocompatibility making
them useful tool in medicine field. We thus reviewed here the most relevant evidence on AuNPs as effective way to
detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. We trust future diagnostic efforts must take this ‘old-fashioned’
nanotechnology tool into consideration for the development and commercialization of reliable and feasible detection kits. 相似文献
7.
8.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still threatening the human life and society throughout the world. For those critically ill patients, mechanical ventilation (MV) is essential to provide life support during treatment. However, both the virus infection and MV disrupt the balance between secretion and elimination of airway mucus and lead to mucus accumulation in the lung. Postmortem examination verified that the lungs in patients died of COVID-19 are indeed filled with sticky mucus, suggesting a great need to improve airway mucus clearance in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it may be helpful to comprehensively review the current understanding regarding the changes of biochemical and rheological features of airway mucus associated with the disease, as well as the physiological principles and algorithm to decide airway clearance techniques suitable for the critically ill COVID-19 patients. Based on these considerations, optimized strategies may be developed to eliminate the airway mucus accumulated in the airways of critically ill COVID-19 patients. 相似文献
9.
Dmitry V. Bagrov Grigory S. Glukhov Andrey V. Moiseenko Maria G. Karlova Daniil S. Litvinov Petr А. Zaitsev Liubov I. Kozlovskaya Anna A. Shishova Anastasia A. Kovpak Yury Y. Ivin Anastasia N. Piniaeva Alexey S. Oksanich Viktor P. Volok Dmitry I. Osolodkin Aydar A. Ishmukhametov Alexey M. Egorov Konstantin V. Shaitan Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov Olga S. Sokolova 《Microscopy research and technique》2022,85(2):562-569
The severe COVID-19 pandemic drives the research toward the SARS-CoV-2 virion structure and the possible therapies against it. Here, we characterized the β-propiolactone inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We compared the SARS-CoV-2 samples purified by two consecutive chromatographic procedures (size exclusion chromatography [SEC], followed by ion-exchange chromatography [IEC]) with samples purified by ultracentrifugation. The samples prepared using SEC and IEC retained more spikes on the surface than the ones prepared using ultracentrifugation, as confirmed by TEM and AFM. TEM showed that the spike (S) proteins were in the pre-fusion conformation. Notably, the S proteins could be recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies. Analytical TEM showed that the inactivated virions retained nucleic acid. Altogether, we demonstrated that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions retain the structural features of native viruses and provide a prospective vaccine candidate. 相似文献
10.
Rosa RG Tarsitano CA Hyslop S Yamada AT Toledo OM Joazeiro PP 《Microscopy research and technique》2008,71(3):169-178
In some animals, such as mice and guinea pigs, a hormonally controlled mechanism increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and enhances the cervical remodeling necessary for safe delivery. Cervical ripening during pregnancy is associated with a paradoxical influx of leukocytes. However, the changes in cell metabolism during relaxation of the mouse pubic symphysis for delivery have not been extensively studied. In this work, we used light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microcopy, as well as immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for MMP-8, to investigate the involvement of granulocytes or resident stromal cells in the relaxation of the virgin pubic symphysis during late pregnancy (days 18 and 19, before delivery) in vivo and in explanted joints. MMP-8 was studied because this collagenase is a hallmark for cervical ripening associated with the influx of granulocytes during late pregnancy. Extensive dissolution and disorganization of the extracellular matrix was seen around fibroblastic-like cells in late pregnancy. In contrast to the cervix (positive control), morphological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that there was no characteristic cellular inflammatory response in the interpubic tissue. Staining for MMP-8 was observed in chondroid and fibroblastic-like cells of virgin and relaxed interpubic ligament, respectively. However, no granulocytes were seen during the extensive remodeling of the pubic joint in late pregnancy. These results indicate that constitutive stromal cells may have an important role in tissue relaxation during remodeling of the pubic symphysis in pregnancy. 相似文献
11.
In this study, our aim was to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of lymphocyte/C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer parameters in COVID-19 infection. The LCR, NLR, neutrophil count, mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer parameters were evaluated retrospectively. This was a retrospective cohort study with 1000 COVID-19 positive and 1000 healthy control groups, all over the age of 18 years. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values were calculated for each parameter found to be statistically significant in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Herein, 127 (12.7%) of the COVID-19+ patients, whose data was included in this study, died. The neutrophil, MPV, CRP, D-dimer, and NLR values were higher in the COVID-19+/deceased group than in the COVID-19+/alive and control groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The lymphocyte and LCR values were lower in the COVID-19+/deceased group than in the COVID-19+/alive and control groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Variables with statistically significance in predicting COVID-19 infection were lymphocyte, LCR, D-dimer, NLR, CRP, MPV, PLT, and neutrophil values. Statistically significant variables in predicting mortality due to COVID-19 were LCR, CRP, NLR, lymphocyte, D-dimer, neutrophil, and MPV values. A low LCR and high NLR are associated with the presence, prognosis, and mortality due to COVID-19. LCR and NLR parameters can thus be used in clinical monitoring to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. 相似文献
12.
The development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely related to the chronic inflammatory and
obese. Recent studies have found macrophages regulate the chronic inflammation and adipose tissue remodelling, but
the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. In this study, we established a model of PCOS in the offspring
rats by high androgen exposure during late pregnancy in parental and established a female rat macrophage
eliminating model by rejection of clodronate liposome. Then, the offspring rat macrophage phenotype in offspring
female rat adipose tissue, and levels of testosterone, angiogenic factors (PDGF and VEGF) and inflammatory factors
(TNF-α and MCP-1) were investigated. By coculture of RAW264.7 macrophage with adipocytes or C166 endothelial
cells (ECs), the mobility of adipocytes, and the ECs function with associated signalling pathway were detected by
using of androgen inhibitor Apalutamide, NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 and ERK1/2 inhibitor LY3214996. It was found
that high androgen exposure during late pregnancy led to increased testosterone levels and overweight and obesity,
increased size and reduced number of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipocytes, and increased secretion of
TNF-α and MCP-1 in female rats in the offspring. Eliminating macrophages significantly increased adipocytes and
angiogenesis in offspring of rats with intrauterine high androgen, and reduced TNF-α and MCP-1. Macrophages
promoted mobility of adipocytes, and inhibited proliferation, migration, tube formation of ECs under
hyperandrogenic condition, which were significantly inhibited by Apalutamide, JSH-23 and LY3214996. Thus,
intrauterine high androgen promotes obesity of the offspring of rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome through
increasing M1 differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and activating VEGF-related angiogenesis via
androgen/NF-κB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway. 相似文献
13.
During inflammatory conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells immigrate into the CNS and can be detected in the CNS parenchyma and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The most comprehensively investigated model for CNS inflammation is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is considered the prototype model for the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS). In EAE autoagressive CD4(+), T cells gain access to the CNS and initiate the molecular and cellular events leading to edema, inflammation, and demyelination in the CNS. The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been considered the obvious place of entry for the circulating immune cells into the CNS. A role of the choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of EAE or MS, i.e., as an alternative entry site for circulating lymphocytes directly into the CSF, has not been seriously considered before. However, during EAE, we observed massive ultrastructural changes within the choroid plexus, which are different from changes observed during hypoxia. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we observed expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the choroid plexus and demonstrated their upregulation and also de novo expression of MAdCAM-1 during EAE. Ultrastructural studies revealed polar localization of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 on the apical surface of choroid plexus epithelial cells and their complete absence on the fenestrated endothelial cells within the choroid plexus parenchyme. Furthermore, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 expressed in choroid plexus epithelium mediated binding of lymphocytes via their known ligands. In vitro, choroid plexus epithelial cells can be induced to express ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MAdCAM-1, and, additionally, MHC class I and II molecules on their surface. Taken together, our observations imply a previously unappreciated function of the choroid plexus in the immunosurveillance of the CNS. 相似文献
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16.
Microglia in neurodegeneration: molecular aspects 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Gebicke-Haerter PJ 《Microscopy research and technique》2001,54(1):47-58
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18.
新冠疫情对全球供应链产生了深远影响,主要表现在产能和需求的同时中断.为探究供应链中断情境下政府补贴策略对供应链恢复的影响,以疫情期间低需求产品作为研究对象,将政府对产能和需求中断的补贴选择作为恢复策略的切入点,以供应链成员的累计利润作为恢复指标,运用系统动力学构建"制造商—配送中心"二级供应链,并仿真模拟部分中断和完全... 相似文献
19.
KI-TAEK LIM TEJAL V. PATIL DINESH K. PATEL SAYAN DEB DUTTA KEYA GANGULY AAYUSHI RANDHAWA 《Biocell》2022,46(10):2201-2208
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells usually isolated from bone marrow, endometrium, adipose tissues, skin, and dental pulp. MSCs played a crucial role in regenerative therapy and have been introduced as an interdisciplinary field between cell biology and material science. Recently, MSCs have been widely explored for their application in regenerative medicine and COVID-19 treatment. Different approaches to evaluate the future of biomaterials and stem cell properties have been developed. However, misconceptions and ethical issues still exist, such as MSCs being non-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunoregulatory competencies. Embryonic stem cells isolation primarily requires the consent of donors and can include the killing of fertilized eggs. These issues generate questions related to ethical and moral issues. However, MSCs have gained considerable attention for tissue regeneration owing to their differentiation ability with immunomodulatory effects. They are capable of secreting a broad range of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, exosomes, microRNAs, and membrane vesicles, collectively known as secretomes. Secretomes are released in response to the surrounding microenvironment. In this article, we briefly address topics related to the therapeutic potential of MSCs as an advanced approach in the field of regenerative medicine and various perspectives. 相似文献
20.
Adrenomedullin has multiple roles in disease stress: development and remission of the inflammatory response 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The upregulation of adrenomedullin (AM) gene expression and increases in systemic circulatory as well as localized tissue AM concentrations is well coordinated with the onset and progression of trauma, infection, and sepsis. As such, the coordinated change in AM suggests a key role for this peptide in the inflammatory response. By clinical definition, the process of inflammation constitutes an orchestrated cascade of localized tissue and systemic responses to immunological challenges. Classical responses to the onset of disease stresses are manifested in the timely elaboration of humoral, blood-borne signal effectors (such as adrenocortical and locally produced tissue hormones, immune cytokines, and inorganic signals such as nitric oxide) as well as patterned migration and infiltration of circulating bone marrow-derived cells (mononuclear cells such as monocyte-macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells like neutrophils) largely associated with or delivered through the vascular system. The body's attempts to combat acute infection to restore homeostatic equilibrium are further compromised by underlying disease situations. Atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as nutritional metabolic derangements and persistent subclinical infection perturb the regulatory feedback loops necessary for proper control of response effectors like hormones and cytokines. When imbalances occur, tissue necrosis can ensue as driven by free radical damage to cell components. A true appreciation of the inflammatory response can only be grasped through an integrative approach in which the relationship between the different physiological systems is viewed in terms of a changing, dynamic interaction. In essence, the inflammatory response can be thought of in three phases: a period of severity assessment, a period of remediation, and a period of homeostatic restoration. Indeed, AM has differential effects on cellular metabolism, immune function, endocrine function, and cardiovascular function. This peptide appears to play a pivotal role in both reprioritizing the biological needs of tissues and organs during the three phases of inflammatory response as well as a role in restoring homeostatic equilibrium to the body. 相似文献