聚乙烯胺/Cu3（BTC）2-MMT-NH2混合基质膜的制备及气体传递性能

采用阳离子交换与Cu₃(BTC)₂原位合成相结合制备Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT,同时,借助3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)氨基功能化制备Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂杂化材料。然后,将杂化材料添加到聚乙烯胺(PVAm)基质中作为选择性涂层涂覆到聚砜(PSf)支撑体上,制备了PVAm/Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂混合基质膜。通过XRD和FTIR对杂化材料的晶态结构和化学结构进行了表征,同时采用ATR-FTIR证实了Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂杂化材料与PVAm基质之间存在氢键相互作用。系统性研究了PVAm/Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂混合基质膜中MMT阳离子交换量、Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT与KH550的质量比、Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂的负载量、操作压力、湿膜厚度、操作温度以及混合气作为原料气对膜CO₂渗透性、CO₂/N₂选择性的影响。结果表明：在纯气气氛,操作温度为25℃、操作压力为1 bar(1 bar=0.1 MPa)的条件下,当Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂负载量为3%(质量)时,膜的气体分离性能最优,CO₂渗透率为203 GPU(1GPU=10^-6 cm³·cm^-2·s^-1·cmHg^-1,1 cmHg=1333.22 Pa),CO₂/N₂选择性为100.7,远高于添加MMT、Cu₃(BTC)₂和MMT/Cu₃(BTC)₂混合物的混合基质膜。这是由于Cu₃(BTC)₂-MMT-NH₂具有层间快速传递通道且与聚合物基质有良好的相容性。此外,混合气测试条件下,混合基质膜运行360 h,仍能保持优异的CO₂分离性能稳定性。     

聚乙烯胺/埃洛石纳米管混合基质膜的制备及其CO2/N2分离

制备高性能的气体分离膜,是实现CO₂高效回收的关键。为了提高CO₂分离膜的性能,将中空管状结构的埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）添加到聚乙烯胺（PVAm）中配制涂膜液,并将PVAm-HNTs涂膜液涂覆到聚砜（PSf）超滤膜上制备PVAm-HNTs/PSf混合基质膜。其中PSf超滤膜作为支撑层,PVAm-HNTs致密涂层作为功能层,功能层结构与形态对CO₂分离具有关键作用。采用XRD、SEM对HNTs的结构与形态进行表征,并借助FTIR和SEM对膜的形态与结构进行分析。在进料气为纯气条件下,系统地研究了HNTs添加量、进料压力、PVAm-HNTs涂层厚度对PVAm-HNTs/PSf膜的CO₂分离性能影响,并考察了混合基质膜的CO₂/N₂混合气分离性能。结果显示：在水溶液中显示正电性的PVAm与负电性的HNTs具有较好的界面相容性。HNTs添加量为1%（质量）、PVAm-HNTs湿涂层厚度为50 μm的混合基质膜,表现出最优的CO₂分离性能。在进料气压力为0.1 MPa、测试温度为25℃、CO₂/N₂（15/85,体积比）混合气进料的条件下,膜的CO₂渗透速率为178 GPU,CO₂/N₂选择性为83;该膜具有较好的稳定性,经过120 h运行后,渗透性和选择性仍能保持稳定。     

功能化材料设计制备混合基质膜及CO2分离性能研究进展

混合基质膜的研究给气体膜分离技术应用的产生了质的飞跃,但混合基质膜存在的问题对其发展也产生了一定的影响.以有机高分子基体入手介绍了混合基质膜的研究进展,着重解决混合基质膜中存在的两大问题,并提高膜的CO2渗透性和选择性.最后,提出混合基质膜应用于实际生产生活中需突破的限制点.     

Pebax/a-MoS2/MIP-202混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能

为了获得高性能的CO₂/N₂分离膜,把空气中氧刻蚀的二硫化钼（a-MoS₂）和金属有机框架材料MIP-202通过机械力化学反应制备的双功能填料作为分散相,聚醚嵌段酰胺（Pebax-1657）作为连续相,采用溶液浇铸法制备了Pebax/a-MoS₂/MIP-202混合基质膜。采用FT-IR表征了填料的化学结构,借助ATR-FTIR、SEM、TG和力学性能测试表征了混合基质膜的化学结构、微观形貌结构、热稳定性和物理力学性能。研究了水含量、双功能填料配比、含量、膜两侧压差和操作温度对膜气体分离性能的影响,并考察了模拟烟道气（CO₂/N₂体积比15/85）条件下混合基质膜的长时间运行稳定性。结果表明：在温度为25℃、膜两侧压差为0.1 MPa的操作条件下,a-MoS₂与MIP-202质量比为5∶5和双功能填料含量为6%（质量）时,膜的气体分离性能达到最优,CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为380 Barrer和124.7,超过了2019年McKeown等提出的上限值。连续测试360 h后,混合基质膜的性能没有明显降低,其平均CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为358 Barrer和120.1。这主要是由于a-MoS₂和MIP-202协同提高了膜的气体分离性能。     

Pebax/a-MoS2/MIP-202混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能

为了获得高性能的CO₂/N₂分离膜,把空气中氧刻蚀的二硫化钼（a-MoS₂）和金属有机框架材料MIP-202通过机械力化学反应制备的双功能填料作为分散相,聚醚嵌段酰胺（Pebax-1657）作为连续相,采用溶液浇铸法制备了Pebax/a-MoS₂/MIP-202混合基质膜。采用FT-IR表征了填料的化学结构,借助ATR-FTIR、SEM、TG和力学性能测试表征了混合基质膜的化学结构、微观形貌结构、热稳定性和物理力学性能。研究了水含量、双功能填料配比、含量、膜两侧压差和操作温度对膜气体分离性能的影响,并考察了模拟烟道气（CO₂/N₂体积比15/85）条件下混合基质膜的长时间运行稳定性。结果表明：在温度为25℃、膜两侧压差为0.1 MPa的操作条件下,a-MoS₂与MIP-202质量比为5∶5和双功能填料含量为6%（质量）时,膜的气体分离性能达到最优,CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为380 Barrer和124.7,超过了2019年McKeown等提出的上限值。连续测试360 h后,混合基质膜的性能没有明显降低,其平均CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为358 Barrer和120.1。这主要是由于a-MoS₂和MIP-202协同提高了膜的气体分离性能。     

MOFs/PEI混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能研究

二氧化碳的分离和捕获对可持续发展具有重要意义。聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)具有优异的耐溶剂、耐高温、选择性高等优势,然而CO₂渗透性能低成为限制其进一步发展的关键瓶颈。通过引入2种三维MOFs颗粒[UIO-66和MIL-101(Cr)]及2种二维MOFs纳米片[CuBDC和Zn₂(bim)₄]制备了4种MOFs/PEI混合基质膜(MMMs),对膜的物理化学性质及CO₂分离性能展开深入研究。结果表明MOFs的引入大幅提高了PEI膜的CO₂扩散系数及分离性能,并改善了PEI膜的抗CO₂塑化性能。同时,相比三维MOFs颗粒,二维CuBDC纳米片与PEI表现出更高的相容性,其填料含量为20%时MMMs的CO₂渗透通量相比纯PEI膜提高了3.5倍,其CO₂/CH₄选择性提高了2.2倍。以二维MOFs纳米片为功能性填料制备混合基质膜用于CO₂分离是一种有效的策略。     

面向CO2分离的混合基质膜研究进展

CO₂分离膜技术是有效减少温室气体排放和能源气体净化的重要手段。设计制备新型混合基质膜(Mixed matrix membranes, MMMs)是同时提高膜的渗透性和选择性的有效途径。MMMs在多种膜分离材料中表现出了优异的CO₂分离性能,并且其具有潜在的克服trade-off效应的前景,因此被研究者广泛关注。MMMs中的填充剂对其分离性能起到至关重要的作用。首先介绍了MMMs中CO₂的传递机制,从传统型填充剂和新型填充剂入手,总结了近年来MMMs中不同种类的填充剂在膜基质中起到的作用以及对CO₂分离性能影响的研究进展。最后,对MMMs用于CO₂分离未来的发展进行了展望。     

酸化碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的制备及气体分离性能研究

以4,4’-(六氟异丙基)二酞酸酐(6FDA)和2,6-二氨基甲苯(2,6-DAT)为原料,合成6FDA-2,6DAT型聚酰亚胺,通过引入酸化碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)填料,利用热致相分离法制备了酸化碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺(MWCNTs-COOH/PI)型混合基质膜(MMMs)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及气体渗透仪对混合基质膜的结构和性能进行了表征和分析,并考察了不同掺杂量的酸化碳纳米管对混合基质膜的二氧化碳分离性能影响。结果表明,MWCNTs-COOH的一维光滑孔道结构与聚合物间形成的非贯穿孔状缺陷可以为气体的传输提供了高速通道,显著增强了气体的渗透性;其次,填料的表面官能团可以增强对CO2的吸附选择性,从而提高了混合基质膜的CO2分离性能。相比于纯聚酰亚胺膜,MWCNTs-COOH掺杂量为2.0wt%的混合基质膜的二氧化碳渗透系数88.28 Barrer、二氧化碳/甲烷选择性为52.45、二氧化碳/氮气选择性为28.64,分别提高了128.08%、43.65%和35.58%。     

GO-TSC/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的制备及气体分离性能研究

使用氨基硫脲（TSC）对氧化石墨烯（GO）进行改性,制备GO-TSC层状复合材料。随后,将该复合材料加入到Matrimid^®5218（PI）基质中,制备用于二氧化碳分离的混合基质膜（MMMs）。通过TGA、SEM及气体分离性能测试考察了GO-TSC对膜热稳定性、结构和气体分离性能等的影响。SEM结果显示GO-TSC可均匀分散在聚合物基质上并与基质紧密结合;TGA结果显示混合基质膜在250 ℃以上仍保持稳定。与纯PI膜相比,MMMs显著增强了二氧化碳的渗透性。GO-TSC中所含的氨基与二氧化碳具有良好的亲和力,增加的碱性位点可以有效地转运二氧化碳。GO-TSC的层状结构增加了气体的传输路径,不利于大动态直径气体（甲烷、氮气）的通过,从而提高了分离性能。GO-TSC负载量为0.75%（质量分数）时混合基质膜的分离性能最佳。相比较纯PI膜,混合基质膜的二氧化碳渗透系数和二氧化碳/甲烷、二氧化碳/氮气分离系数分别提高了42.16%、95.79%和83.72%。     

IL@ZnBDC/PI混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能研究

选取咪唑型离子液体修饰金属有机框架填料ZnBDC制备IL@ZnBDC纳米复合填料,通过物理共混的方式将其引入PI中制备PI-IL@ZnBDC混合基质膜。结果表明,复合填料的引入改善了填料与PI间的相容性,增加了混合基质膜的分子链间距,强化了膜内CO₂扩散过程。同时,离子液体中含有与CO₂有较强亲和作用的三氟甲基、磺酸基团和咪唑基团,促进了CO₂在膜内的溶解,进而协同强化了PI-IL@ZnBDC混合基质膜的溶解-扩散机制,提升了CO₂气体通量和选择性。相较于纯PI膜,PI-IL@ZnBDC-2膜表现出优异的气体分离性能,CO₂的渗透系数为10.97 Barrer, CO₂/CH₄的选择性为42.21,分别较纯膜提升了59.9%和41.5%。     

Fabrication of Pebax/SAPO mixed matrix membranes for CO2/N2 separation

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by solvent evaporation method using Pebax-1074 polymer as matrix and inorganic zeolite SAPO-23 as dopant. The morphology, surface functional groups, microstructure, thermal stability, and separation performance of MMMs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas permeation, respectively. The effects of dopant loading amount, permeation temperature, and permeation pressure on the structure and properties of MMMs were investigated. The results showed that the introduction of SAPO zeolite reduced the crystallinity of the MMMs and improved the CO₂/N₂ selectivity. Under the conditions of 30°C and 0.15 MPa, the MMMs prepared by incorporating with 5% SAPO zeolite in content exhibited the highest CO₂/N₂ selectivity of 72.0 together with the CO₂ permeability of 98.2 Barrer.     

Cu(Qc)2强化Pebax混合基质膜分离CO2

为了提高Pebax-1657的CO₂分离性能,本文制备了对CO₂有吸附作用的金属有机骨架Cu(Qc)₂,将其加入到Pebax-1657基质中,制备混合基质膜,用于CO₂的气体分离。通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、红外光谱和X射线衍射对溶液浇铸法制备的膜进行表征,通过膜的气体渗透性能测试考察填料含量、操作压力和混合气对膜气体渗透性能的影响。结果表明,Cu(Qc)₂在Pebax基质中随机有效地堆叠形成了高选择性的气体传输通道,极大地提高了CO₂/N₂的选择性。随着Cu(Qc)₂填充量的增加,CO₂渗透系数和CO₂/N₂选择性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当Cu(Qc)₂的质量分数为3%时,呈现最佳的CO₂/N₂分离性能,CO₂ 渗透系数和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为102Barrer和84,与Pebax-1657膜相比,分别提高了45.7%和40.0%,突破了Robeson分离上限,表明该混合基质膜在CO₂的分离应用上具有潜力。     

Size effects of graphene oxide on mixed matrix membranes for CO2 separation

Graphene oxide (GO)‐polyether block amide (PEBA) mixed matrix membranes were fabricated and the effects of GO lateral size on membranes morphologies, microstructures, physicochemical properties, and gas separation performances were systematically investigated. By varying the GO lateral sizes (100–200 nm, 1–2 μm, and 5–10 μm), the polymer chains mobility, as well as the length of the gas channels could be effectively manipulated. Among the as‐prepared membranes, a GO‐PEBA mixed matrix membrane (GO‐M‐PEBA) containing 0.1 wt % medium‐lateral sized (1–2 μm) GO sheets showed the highest CO₂ permeation performance (CO₂ permeability of 110 Barrer and CO₂/N₂ mixed gas selectivity of 80), which transcends the Robeson upper bound. Also, this GO‐PEBA mixed matrix membrane exhibited high stability during long‐term operation testing. Optimized by GO lateral size, the developed GO‐PEBA mixed matrix membrane shows promising potential for industrial implementation of efficient CO₂ capture. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2843–2852, 2016     

Synthesis of dual-functionalized mixed matrix membrane with amino-GO-Bent/PVDF for efficient separation of CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which combine the characteristics of inorganic nanofillers and organic matrices, have received wide attention because of their good permeability and selective performance for separating CO₂ from industrial waste gases. In this work, the amino-GO-loaded bentonite (amino GO-Bent) was prepared by loading  NH₂ on the GO surface with a large number of functional sites. Firstly, by introducing  NH₂ on the surface of GO and then interacting with bentonite (Bent) organically modified by silane coupling agents through amide bonding. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with an area of 623.7 cm² and homogeneous texture were prepared using amino-GO-Bent as inorganic filler to improve the membrane selectivity for CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ separation. The results show that the introduction of amino GO-Bent in MMMs can greatly improve the CO₂ permeability and obtain high CO₂ permeation performance: 2.67945 × 10⁻⁷ cm³ (STP)·cm/s/cm²/cmHg, and the selectivity of CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ can reach 307.28 and 325.97, respectively. The two selective values were 14 and 18 times higher than those of pure PVDF membranes, and the performance of MMMs far exceeded the Robeson upper limit in 2008, respectively.     

Preparation and characterization of CO2-selective Pebax/NaY mixed matrix membranes

CO₂-selective Pebax/NaY mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by incorporating NaY zeolite into Pebax matrix. The morphology, chemical groups, thermal stability, and microstructure of the MMMs were investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The effects of zeolite loading amount, permeation temperature and pressure on the CO₂/N₂ separation performance of the resultant membranes were studied. The as-prepared MMMs are much superior to the pristine Pebax membranes in terms of permeability and selectivity. The CO₂ permeability and CO₂/N₂ selectivity can respectively reach to 131.8 Barrer and 130.8 for MMMs made by the starting materials containing 40 wt % NaY. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48398.     

Recent advances on mixed matrix membranes for CO2 separation

Recent advances on mixed matrix membrane for CO2 separation are reviewed in this paper. To improve CO2 separation performance of polymer membranes, mixedmatrixmembranes (MMMs) are developed. The concept of MMM is illustrated distinctly. Suitable polymer and inorganic or organic fillers for MMMs are summarized.Possible interface morphologies between polymer and filler, and the effect of interface morphologies on gas transport properties of MMMs are summarized. The methods to improve compatibility between polymer and filler are introduced. There are eightmethods including silane coupling, Grignard treatment, incorporation of additive,grafting, in situ polymerization, polydopamine coating, particle fusion approach and polymer functionalization. To achieve higher productivity for industrial application,mixed matrix composite membranes are developed. The recent development on hollow fiber and flat mixedmatrix composite membrane is reviewed in detail. Last, the future trend of MMM is forecasted.     

功能化Zr-MOF强化混合基质膜CO2分离

混合基质膜（MMMs）在气体分离领域具有良好的应用前景,金属有机框架（MOFs）由于具有高孔隙率和有机连接基团,常被用作填料制备MMMs。但由于MOFs与聚合物的界面相容性问题,MMMs的气体分离性能提升受到限制。本文合成了功能化的Zr-MOF（UiO-66-AC）,并利用其与聚醚共聚酰胺（Pebax）共同制备了混合基质膜。填料中引入的羰基和羧基等基团提供了MOFs与聚合物基质之间较强的界面相互作用。与纯Pebax膜相比,UiO-66-AC/Pebax MMMs的气体渗透性能得到了显著提高。当填料质量分数为6%时,膜的CO₂渗透系数为102.4 Barrer,CO₂/N₂和CO₂/CH₄选择性分别为90.6和26.0,CO₂/N₂分离性能突破了Robeson上限(2008),表明该混合基质膜在CO₂的分离应用上具有潜力。