BDD阳极去除水中阿特拉津的特性及机理研究

阳极氧化技术作为最简单的高级氧化技术,可有效去除水中残留的除草剂等持久性有机污染物。利用硼掺杂金刚石（BDD）电极作为阳极构建了阳极氧化体系,研究了电解质种类、浓度和电流密度等参数对BDD阳极降解三嗪类除草剂阿特拉津效能的影响规律,并利用UPLC-MS/MS对阿特拉津的降解产物进行了定性分析。结果表明,在NaCl投加量...     

金属有机骨架及其衍生材料活化过硫酸盐在水处理中的

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）具有以金属离子为中心的结构特征,因此利用MOFs及其衍生材料可构建非均相过硫酸盐催化氧化体系,该体系能耗低且高效,在水处理中具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了MOFs及其衍生材料活化过硫酸盐处理水中难降解有机污染物（包括有机染料、环境内分泌干扰物和抗生素）的研究现状,探讨了不同组成及结构的MOFs及MOFs衍生材料对催化降解水中有机污染物性能的影响,指出MOFs及其衍生材料的结构设计、合成策略、不饱和的金属活性位点以及反应体系中的活性物质等是体系催化降解能力的重要影响因素。最后总结了目前基于MOFs材料活化过硫酸盐作为一种新型的高级氧化技术在水处理应用研究中存在的问题,并提出新型高效联合活化体系的构建及活化作用机制深入的探索和完善是今后研究的重点。     

金属有机骨架及其衍生材料活化过硫酸盐在水处理中的应用进展

金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)具有以金属离子为中心的结构特征,因此利用MOFs及其衍生材料可构建非均相过硫酸盐催化氧化体系,该体系能耗低且高效,在水处理中具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了MOFs及其衍生材料活化过硫酸盐处理水中难降解有机污染物(包括有机染料、环境内分泌干扰物和抗生素)的研究现状,探讨了不同组成及结构的MOFs及MOFs衍生材料对催化降解水中有机污染物性能的影响,指出MOFs及其衍生材料的结构设计、合成策略、不饱和的金属活性位点以及反应体系中的活性物质等是体系催化降解能力的重要影响因素。最后总结了目前基于MOFs材料活化过硫酸盐作为一种新型的高级氧化技术在水处理应用研究中存在的问题,并提出新型高效联合活化体系的构建及活化作用机制深入的探索和完善是今后研究的重点。     

基于芬顿反应纳米模拟酶快速去除水中有机污染物的应用进展

纳米材料的酶模拟物因具有高稳定性、低成本和制备简便等优点已被用于芬顿反应中作为非均相试剂降解饮用水中有机污染物。该文简要总结了基于芬顿反应的纳米模拟酶催化降解有机污染物的机理,重点介绍了近年来基于芬顿反应的纳米模拟酶催化降解水中染料类、酚类、农药类以及抗生素类等有机污染物的研究进展,并对该方法的未来发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

（光）电-Fenton法降解有毒有机污染物的研究进展

(光)电-Fenton法是能有效降解水中有毒有机污染物的高级氧化技术.综述了(光)电-Fenton法特性,重点从阳极氧化、阴极还原氧气生成双氧水和电絮凝作用等方面概述了(光)电-Fenton法降解有毒有机污染物的研究进展,结合其在工业废水有毒有机污染物处理中的应用,总结了其应用现状及发展趋势.     

DSA类阳极催化氧化降解有机污染物的机理初探

电解催化氧化技术是一种新兴的氧化技术。本文采用DSA类阳极的方法对电解催化降解有机污染物的机理进行了研究,表明在电解过程中能够产生氧化能力极强的OH     

金刚石膜电极电化学处理污染物的研究

采用人工合成的金刚石膜电极进行电化学氧化降解处理污染物的探索工作。已成为环境电化学领域中最为关注的国际性研究热点之一。从电催化氧化降解技术处理污染物的研究现状及其存在的问题出发．分析了适用于污染物降解处理的高效电极材料应具有的表面特性及其电化学性质。在综述了金刚石膜电化学研究以及应用于污染物处理的工作基础上,结合近期相关的研究结果,论述了金刚石膜电极的电化学特性以及对污染物氧化降解的应用和降解机理。金刚石膜电极将是未来环保处理中非常适用、高效、稳定的电极材料。     

铁掺杂PbO2/Ti电极电催化氧化苯酚的实验研究

以苯酚为目标化合物,研究了新型铁掺杂PbO2/Ti阳极电催化氧化有机污染物的特性,结果表明,该电极对苯酚的降解显示了良好的电催化活性,有较好的环保应用前景。同时,初步探讨了反应的动力学和氧化机理。     

BDD电极在难降解废水处理中的应用研究进展

介绍了BDD电极的电化学特性、氧化机理及制备技术。重点总结了BDD电极在酚类、染料、农药、医药等难降解模拟废水和垃圾渗滤液、印染、制药、城镇污水处理厂出水等实际废水中的应用研究进展。提出开发大面积BDD电极制备技术,提高电极电催化性能和稳定性,增强基底附着力,开发组合工艺技术是未来BDD电极实现工业化应用的研究方向。     

光催化降解水环境中有机污染物的研究进展

近年来,由于抗生素、苯酚类和染料等有机污染物的滥用和随意排放,水环境的污染问题日益严重。光催化作为一种高级的氧化技术,目前被认为是最有前途的绿色环保技术,在有机污染物的降解研究中发挥着重要的作用。本文首先概述了光催化降解有机污染物的基本原理;其次,从光催化降解有机污染物水环境影响因素分析p H值、浓度、光催化剂量以及光催化剂吸附能力对光催化性能的影响;此外,系统地阐述了光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展,包括：光催化材料、光催化材料表征手段和光催化材料修饰策略;最后,对光催化降解有机污染物的研究进行了总结和展望。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Some Typical Antibiotics: Recent Advances and Future Outlooks

The existence of antibiotics in the environment can trigger a number of issues by fostering the widespread development of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, the most popular techniques for removing antibiotic pollutants from water include physical adsorption, flocculation, and chemical oxidation, however, these processes usually leave a significant quantity of chemical reagents and polymer electrolytes in the water, which can lead to difficulty post-treating unmanageable deposits. Furthermore, though cost-effectiveness, efficiency, reaction conditions, and nontoxicity during the degradation of antibiotics are hurdles to overcome, a variety of photocatalysts can be used to degrade pollutant residuals, allowing for a number of potential solutions to these issues. Thus, the urgent need for effective and rapid processes for photocatalytic degradation leads to an increased interest in finding more sustainable catalysts for antibiotic degradation. In this review, we provide an overview of the removal of pharmaceutical antibiotics through photocatalysis, and detail recent progress using different nanostructure-based photocatalysts. We also review the possible sources of antibiotic pollutants released through the ecological chain and the consequences and damages caused by antibiotics in wastewater on the environment and human health. The fundamental dynamic processes of nanomaterials and the degradation mechanisms of antibiotics are then discussed, and recent studies regarding different photocatalytic materials for the degradation of some typical and commonly used antibiotics are comprehensively summarized. Finally, major challenges and future opportunities for the photocatalytic degradation of commonly used antibiotics are highlighted.     

有机废水电化学氧化阳极材料的研究进展

阳极材料是电化学氧化法处理有机废水的关键.综述了贵金属电极、碳素电极、钛基金属氧化物电极和合成掺硼金刚石(BDD)薄层电极在内的常用阳极材料的性能,并对有机废水电化学氧化阳极材料的发展趋向进行了展望.     

A comparative study on the efficiency of electro-Fenton process in the removal of propham from water

Electro-Fenton process has been widely used in the treatment of organic pollutants lately. Its oxidation efficiency mainly depends on the electrode materials. In this study, boron doped diamond (BDD), carbon sponge (CS) and platinum (Pt) electrodes were used at four different configurations as anode and cathode. The oxidation efficiencies of BDD anode and CS cathode were investigated together for the first time in the electro-Fenton process. Propham was used as the model pollutant. The obtained results indicate that the decay rate of propham and the mineralization rate of propham aqueous solutions were highest in the case of BDD and CS electrodes as expected. The obtained mineralization current efficiency (MCE) value was 81% at 100 mA in the presence of 0.2 mM Fe³⁺ for 30 min electrolysis. The oxidative degradation intermediates of propham showed different accumulation characteristics in all configurations. The oxamic acid resisted to mineralization but it rapidly degraded in the presence of BDD anode.     

高级氧化技术降解抗生素及去除耐药性的研究进展

近年来由于抗生素滥用而导致的水污染日益严重,抗生素残留及耐药性已成为当今社会面临的最严峻挑战之一。高级氧化工艺以其快速的反应速率和良好的处理效果,越来越多地被用于治理含抗生素的废水。本文首先阐述了抗生素的污染现状;其后根据起主导作用的自由基种类,分类对比了传统高级氧化和过硫酸盐高级氧化处理抗生素及耐药性的特征,深入分析了过硫酸盐高级氧化的反应机理,重点介绍了热活化、紫外活化、零价铁及其改性活化和电活化等不同活化过硫酸盐的方式,并研究总结了这些技术用于处理抗生素及其耐药性的降解效果和进展;综合分析了目前高级氧化降解抗生素及去除耐药性的环境影响因素和存在的问题;最后对高级氧化的未来发展进行了展望。     

Kinetic modelling of the electrochemical mineralization of organic pollutants for wastewater treatment

The electrochemical mineralization of organic pollutants is a new technology for treatment of dilute wastewater (COD < 5 g L⁻¹). In this method, use of the electrical energy can produce complete oxidation of pollutants on high oxidation power anodes. An ideal anode for this type of treatment is a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) characterized by a high reactivity towards oxidation of organics. In the present work kinetic aspects of organic mineralization is discussed. The proposed theoretical kinetic model on boron-doped diamond anodes is in excellent agreement with experimental results. In addition economic aspects of electrochemical organic mineralization are reported.     

Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods: A general review

Effluents of a large variety of industries usually contain important quantities of synthetic organic dyes. The discharge of these colored compounds in the environment causes considerable non-aesthetic pollution and serious health-risk factors. Since conventional wastewater treatment plants cannot degrade the majority of these pollutants, powerful methods for the decontamination of dyes wastewaters have received increasing attention over the past decade. This paper presents a general review of efficient electrochemical technologies developed to decolorize and/or degrade dyeing effluents for environmental protection. Fundamentals and main applications of typical methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical reduction, electrochemical oxidation and indirect electro-oxidation with active chlorine species are reported. The influence of iron or aluminium anode on decolorization efficiency of synthetic dyes in electrocoagulation is explained. The advantages of electrocatalysis with metal oxides anodes and the great ability of boron-doped diamond electrodes to generate heterogeneous hydroxyl radical as mediated oxidant of these compounds in electrochemical oxidation are extensively discussed. The effect of electrode material, chloride concentration, pH and temperature on the destruction of dyestuffs mediated with electrogenerated active chlorine is analyzed. The degradation power of these pollutants with an emerging electrochemical advanced oxidation process such as electro-Fenton, based on the mediated oxidation by homogeneous hydroxyl radical formed from Fenton's reaction between cathodically produced hydrogen peroxide and catalytic Fe²⁺, is examined. Recent progress of emerging photoassisted electrochemical treatments with UV irradiation such as photoelectro-Fenton and photoelectrocatalysis is also described.     

Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

The dye industry produces a large amount of hazardous wastewater every day worldwide, which brings potential threaten to the global environment. As an excellent method for removal of water chroma and chemical oxygen demand, electrocatalytic methods are currently widely used in the treatment of dye wastewater. The selection and preparation of electrode materials and electrocatalysts play an important role on the electrocatalytic treatment. The aim of this paper is to introduce the most excellent high-efficiency electrode materials and electrocatalysts in the field of dye wastewater treatment. Many electrode materials such as metal electrode materials, boron-doped diamond anode materials and three-dimensional electrode are introduced in detail. Besides, the mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation is summarized. The composite treatment of active electrode and electrocatalyst are extensively examined. Finally, the progress of photo-assisted electrocatalytic methods of dye wastewater and the catalysts are described.     

三维电极电催化氧化技术处理工业废水研究进展

工业废水成分复杂、污染物含量高,利用传统的生物降解等处理方法难以进行有效处理。近年来,三维电极电催化氧化技术在废水处理中展现出优越的性能,具有效率高、运行条件可调且温和、耗能低、占地面积小等特点。通过分析三维电极技术处理不同类型工业废水的工艺参数、处理效果和反应历程等,发现三维电极技术可以根据不同类型的废水调整运行参数,也可以适当改变极板材料、粒子电极种类和反应器结构等实现对特定废水进行有效预处理或深度处理。另外,通过对比不同类型废水的反应历程、中间产物等,揭示了三维电极技术降解有机污染物的机理,电化学直接氧化和羟基自由基等间接氧化共同作用矿化有机物污染物,羟基自由基间接氧化通常起主要作用。     

Synergies between electrochemical oxidation and activated carbon adsorption in three-dimensional boron-doped diamond anode system

In order to enhance the performance of boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode system, activated carbon is added into BDD anode system to construct a three-dimensional electrode system. The degradation rates of p-nitrophenol and COD were significantly improved by 2–7 times compared to two-dimensional BDD anode system. More importantly, the synergy between electrochemical oxidation and activated carbon adsorption was observed. Investigations revealed that the synergy was not only resulted from direct electrochemical oxidation at activated carbon, but also from electro-catalysis of activated carbon to indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by hydroxyl radicals. Although oxygen was reduced to hydrogen peroxide at the activated carbon surface, but the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide was not the main reason for the improvement of three-dimensional electrode system due to its relative weak oxidation capacity. Instead, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals at catalysis of activated carbon played an important role on the enhancement of three-dimensional electrode system.     

生物炭持久性自由基形成机制及环境应用研究进展

持久性自由基（PFRs）因其持续反应活性和潜在毒性而日益受到广泛关注。生物炭在高温热解和水热碳化制备过程中会产生PFRs，并可转化形成活性氧物质，从而促进环境污染物的氧化还原转化和降解，同时也产生潜在的环境健康风险。本文综述了生物炭PFRs的国内外研究进展，归纳了PFRs在生物炭制备过程中的形成和转化机制，总结了生物炭PFRs生成ROS降解有机污染物、光诱导氧化降解有机污染物、重金属氧化还原转化等方面的环境应用研究现状，初步探讨了生物炭PFRs的毒性效应，并对今后的研究发展方向提出了展望，以期为生物炭PFRs的进一步环境应用提供方向和依据。