三维光子晶体结构色材料的制备与应用研究进展

三维光子晶体是指折射率不同的材料在三维空间呈周期性排列的结构。由于三维光子晶体结构形成的结构色材料具有颜色明艳，制备过程简易方便、生态环保等优点，近年来受到了广泛关注，在装饰、防伪、光催化、汽车涂料、纺织等领域展示出巨大潜力。文中主要综述了三维光子晶体结构生色材料制备与应用方面的研究进展，包括单分散胶体粒子和单分散复合胶体粒子的合成与组装，讨论了该类材料的应用现状，提出了目前存在的一些问题与发展方向。     

一维光子晶体结构色材料的应用研究进展

一维光子晶体结构色材料是由高、低折射率介质交替堆叠组成的高度有序结构,能够在可见光区有效调控光波传播,具有选材广泛、结构简单、稳定性好、应用价值高的特点。本文首先介绍了一维光子晶体的结构、性质及构筑材料,然后总结了近年来科研工作者在一维光子晶体结构色材料领域中所取得的研究成果,主要论述了其在裸眼识别传感器中的研究进展,包括温度、湿度、应变、溶剂、酸碱或pH、电刺激及离子响应传感器,并对其作用机理进行阐述和讨论;同时也介绍了一维光子晶体结构色材料在太阳能电池、防伪标识、材料图案化、结构色柔性膜、结构色纤维等方面的研究。最后对一维光子晶体结构色材料研究进行总结,分析优势和局限,并对未来相关研究工作提出展望。     

自组装三维光子结构的研究进展及其应用

概述了三维光子结构的分类、生色机理、制备方法和应用,讨论了自组装光子结构产生结构色的虹彩效应、低色彩饱和度以及结构不稳定的问题,分析了三维光子结构的发展方向.     

水溶液中均匀硫化镉微球的制备及其在结构色中的应用

均匀的硫化镉（CdS）微球具有较高的折射率,由其组成的光子晶体颜色亮丽,具有低角度依存性,近年来在结构生色领域被广泛应用。但是,目前较为成熟的合成均匀硫化镉微球的方法存在有机溶剂的大量使用和高温能耗大等问题。因此,设计了一种在水溶液中合成均匀硫化镉微球的绿色合成方法,通过受控注射的方式辅助进料,解决了金属盐前驱体在水中水解速度过快导致微球生长不平衡的问题。同时,受控注射的方式可以更有利于控制体系中二价镉的浓度,成功地合成出180~410 nm的均匀硫化镉微球。进一步通过水平诱导组装的方式构筑了以不同粒径的硫化镉微球为基元的三维光子晶体结构。这种光子晶体薄膜展示出亮丽、低角度依存的结构色,更利于结构色在颜色显示等领域的应用。     

二维等离子体银纳米片的研究进展及其在纺织品中的应用

概述了银纳米片粒子的特性、生色机理、制备方法和在纺织领域的应用现状,讨论了二维等离子体银纳米片合成可控性不足、结构稳定性和色彩饱和度有待提升、色域亟待扩充的问题,分析了银纳米片粒子研究的发展方向。     

胶体组装方法制备结构色涂层研究进展

通过胶体组装获取光子晶体结构是制备结构色涂层的主要策略,本文综述了几种典型的胶体组装方法研究进展,同时介绍了通过胶体组装方法制备的结构色涂层的典型应用。     

平纹SiC纤维织物剪切性能

SiC纤维织物是耐高温陶瓷基复合材料的一种重要增韧材料。本文以平纹SiC纤维织物为研究对象，开展了单轴拉伸试验和±45°偏轴拉伸试验，得到了其拉伸和剪切性能；进行了纱线抽出试验，得到其经纬纱线间的摩擦系数；通过X射线CT检测，得到其细观结构；利用最小二乘法拟合出经纬纱线的横截面和卷曲形状曲线；通过建立纱线的简支梁模型，计算出剪切变形中经纬纱线摩擦力矩，预测了平纹SiC纤维织物的剪切应力-应变曲线。剪切变形过程分为纯剪和纱线挤压阶段，两个阶段的交界点为织物的锁紧角。研究结果对设计和制备平纹SiC纤维织物预制体具有参考价值。     

硒化锌基颜料的研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成ＺｎＳｅ基颜料,确立了合理的制备工艺和化学组成。通过对试样进行ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ等分析,确定颜料的晶体结构、使用及性质。同时系统地研究了颜料试样的结构和光谱反射曲线,分析了颜料的颜色、性质和结构、呈色之间的关系,以及掺杂剂的掺杂量同颜料结构和性质之间的关系,讨论了ＺｎＳｅ基颜料的应用前景。     

光子晶体传感器研究进展

部分生物体呈现的颜色具有与角度有关,不易褪色的特点。光子晶体是一种介电常数随空间周期性变化的新型光学微结构材料,其最根本特征是具有光子禁带。本文介绍了光子晶体的结构性能特点及自组装制备方法如模板法、刻蚀法等。也重点阐述了光子晶体在光、电、力、热及化学物质检测方面的应用,体现了光子晶体在传感器应用上的优势。文末对光子晶体今后的研究方向做了展望。     

复合型钴蓝颜料的研究

本文采用化学共沉淀法合成复合型钴蓝颜料,确立了合理的制备工艺.采用XRD和DTA-TG分析了颜料的晶体结构和热稳定性.通过光谱反射曲线的分析,探讨了颜料的颜色、结构和发色机理,以及掺杂离子浓度与颜料发色的关系和掺杂离子作用机理.     

不同粒径SiO₂颗粒混合制备光子晶体结构色薄膜

采用基于Stöber工艺的溶剂调控法制备了分散性较好的247 nm和285 nm SiO2纳米颗粒，通过调控两种SiO2纳米颗粒的混合比例构建不同颜色的结构色薄膜。当247 nm SiO2所占比例增加时，颜色逐渐蓝移，但由于非相干光散射的影响，光子晶体薄膜颜色较淡。为解决这一问题，在SiO2悬浮液中加入墨水，当墨水含量增加时，薄膜的明度降低、饱和度提高，且墨水质量分数为0.06%时饱和度最高。考察了粒径、混合比例以及墨水含量对结构色的影响，结果发现光子晶体的结构色受粒径影响，且符合布拉格公式，混合比例的不同改变了SiO2的平均粒径，因而形成不同颜色。由两种粒径的SiO2产生不同结构色的方法简便快捷，可以用作颜料、涂料进行染色。     

The fabrication of full color P(St‐MAA) photonic crystal structure on polyester fabrics by vertical deposition self‐assembly

Three‐dimensional (3D) photonic crystals with face‐centered cubic structure were successfully fabricated on soft polyester fabrics via vertical deposition self‐assembly, with monodisperse P(St‐MAA) microspheres prepared by soap‐free emulsion copolymerization. The resultant polyester fabrics exhibited bright structural colors through the well‐ordered photonic crystal microstructure without any chemical dyes and pigments. The tunable structural colors across the whole visible region confirmed by reflectance spectra could be adjusted by controlling the diameters of the microspheres and viewing angles, and this was consistent with the law of the Bragg diffraction. The resultant polyester fabrics also presented some favorable properties including double‐sided coloration effect, clear fabric texture, and soft fabric handle. The structural coloration by vertical deposition self‐assembly of P(St‐MAA) photonic crystals may provide a new strategy for textile coloration without using chemical colorants, and have a potential to reduce the pollution in the current textile dyeing and printing processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41750.     

三维有序大孔(3DOM)材料的制备与应用

三维有序大孔(3DOM)材料具有孔径均一、排列有序和孔间贯通的独特结构,近年引起广泛关注。介绍了采用胶晶模板法制备3DOM材料的方法,综述了3DOM材料在电极材料、电化学生物传感器、光子晶体和催化化工等领域的研究应用,指出3DOM结构在金属氧化物脱硫领域的巨大优势。     

Preparation and self-assembly of photonic crystals on polyester fabrics

Photonic crystals play the vital role in structural color appearance, and they can be fabricated on polymer substrates. In this paper, monodispersed SiO₂ microspheres with the average diameter ranging from 150 to 300 nm were prepared by classical Stöber method. The spherical size of SiO₂ microspheres was regulated by controlling concentrations of ammonia. The tunable structural colors could be changed by modulating the diameters of SiO₂ microspheres or viewing angles, which adhered to the law of the Bragg diffraction. As a kind of polymer fabric, the polyester fabrics, smoother than natural fiber fabrics, exhibited bright structural colors from the well-ordered photonic crystal microstructure by vertical deposition self-assembly of SiO₂ photonic crystals. Moreover, the result indicated that the difference of fabric-woven structure could affect the lightness of structure color, and the lightness on satin fabric was duller than that of plain fabric. Besides, we have also discussed the influence of fabric structure on the lightness of structure color using the theory of thin film interference. It is believed that the structural color could provide a new strategy for related polymer product coloration without chemical dyes and pigments, and has a potential to reduce the pollution in related polymer materials dyeing and printing processes.     

Design of photonic crystals for light-emitting diodes

Photonic crystals (PCs) can greatly enhance the optoelectronic performance of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their distinctive color, photonic band gap, etc. Therefore, many scholars have conducted extensive research based on the high light extraction efficiency, good monochromaticity, and other excellent optoelectronic properties of PC LEDs. This review discusses the main principles of photonic crystals to improve the optoelectronic performance of LEDs and summarizes 12 structural applications of photonic crystal LEDs, such as PC slabs, Bragg grating, backside reflectors, surface PC, embedded PC, dual PC, PC beads, CPC, PC thin films, LIPC, defective PC, and composite architectures with other materials that boost LED optoelectronic qualities. In summary, it is found that photonic crystals can not only greatly improve the light extraction efficiency of LEDs but also improve other optoelectronic properties such as luminescent color and directional radiation angle, and reduce the manufacturing cost of LEDs. Photonic crystal LEDs are expected to be a strong candidate for future lighting technology. Finally, the prospects and challenges of PC LEDs are summarized.     

自清洁膜材料研究进展

以自清洁材料在光伏行业应用为例,综述了太阳能电池玻璃自清洁常用膜材料纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛应用发展历程、原理及存在的主要问题;分析了纳米二氧化钛自清洁膜材料难以商业化应用的主要原因;结合笔者相关研究工作,介绍了纳米石墨烯自清洁材料研究开发进展,建议加强纳米石墨烯在光伏、纺织、污水处理等行业的自清洁膜材料的应用研究;认为纳米石墨烯是促进自清洁技术升级换代的黑材料,随着纳米石墨烯复合材料的制备方法和技术不断更新,纳米石墨烯必将被更广泛地应用到自清洁领域中。     

Opal photonic crystal double-network hydrogel for visual detection through structural color and fluorescent responsiveness

Photonic crystal hydrogels are widely used in the field of visual detection, based on the response of the structural color to external stimulus, such as pH, temperature, near-infrared light, and so on. Here, we develop an opal photonic crystal hydrogel by combining polystyrene (PS) photonic crystals with a fluorescent double-network hydrogel and focus on both its visual detection function and mechanical property. The opal hydrogel is composed of nanocomposite hydrogel as the first network and ionic crosslinked hydrogel as the second network. The introduction of PS photonic crystals and terbium ions endows the opal hydrogel distinctive structural colors and fluorescence, respectively. Because of volume changes, the structural color of the opal hydrogel selectively responses to metal ions and organic solvents. Attributing to the ion exchange interaction, the opal hydrogel exhibits fluorescent responses to various metal ions. Combining the responsiveness of structural color and fluorescence, a visual dual-detection mode is set up, with better detection sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the characteristics of nanocomposite and double-network crosslinking ensure the opal hydrogel enough mechanical properties to undergo cycle visual detection. Consequently, the fabricated opal hydrogel is promising for use in visual detection to multiple substances in single- or dual-detection mode.     

透明光子晶体薄膜的力致变色调控及防伪应用

利用SiO2胶体粒子构筑三维蛋白石光子晶体阵列,并将其嵌入聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）弹性体内,制备了一种具有力致变色性能的透明光子晶体薄膜。采用SEM、光纤光谱仪、数码相机等对光子晶体薄膜进行了结构、光学性能的表征,并研究了其在防伪中的应用。结果表明：施加拉力时,该透明光子晶体薄膜显现结构色,并随拉伸量的增加发生持续蓝移,撤销拉力可逆回复至初始状态,且即使经历100次循环拉伸,光子晶体薄膜依旧保持稳定的光学性能。将光子晶体薄膜进行图案化设计,通过施加或撤销拉力可使隐藏于其中的图案快速显现或消失,在防伪领域具有广阔的应用前景。