模拟混凝土滞回行为的各向异性损伤模型

该文引入相互独立的拉损伤、压损伤演化规律,分别描述受拉开裂和受压破碎导致的混凝土损伤行为,然后采用非线性卸载．线性重加载模拟滞回行为,建立了改进的各向异性损伤模型。该文还建议了模型关键参数的率定方法。应用该模型模拟混凝土受拉和拉一压往复加载试验,计算获得的应力-应变曲线与试验曲线具有良好的可比性,能够反映损伤导致的刚度...     

基于应变空间的碾压混凝土各向异性损伤本构模型

根据碾压混凝土材料的力学特性和损伤拉压显著不同的特点,分别在拉应变和压应变空间建立了碾压混凝土的本构关系和损伤演化方程。在拉应变空间,碾压混凝土的变形特性表现为脆弹性,考虑弹性与损伤耦合,应用正交各向异性损伤理论描述碾压混凝土的刚度退化和应变软化;在压应变空间,考虑弹塑性与损伤耦合,应用内时理论来描述碾压混凝土的弹塑性特性,正交各向异性损伤理论来描述微裂缝扩展引起的刚度退化和应变软化,内时理论没有屈服面,使模型的参数和方程大大减少,从而简化了非线性计算过程。计算结果表明,该模型能够较好地描述碾压混凝土在单轴和多轴加载下的性质。     

基于能量的弹塑性损伤实用本构模型

建立一个实用的弹塑性损伤本构模型。在有效应力空间采用经验公式计算塑性变形,能将模型塑性部分与损伤部分解耦,降低模型的数值处理复杂性,同时大大简化模型塑性应变的计算。结合不可逆热力学理论,基于损伤能量释放率建立损伤准则,损伤能量释放率由修正后的弹性Helmholtz自由能导出,模型中将弹性Helmholtz自由能分解为应力球量部分和应力偏量部分,将其应力球量部分产生的损伤取为零,同时根据应力状态引入折减系数对其应力偏量部分进行修正,使得模型能较为准确的模拟混凝土材料在双轴加载下的本构行为。将应力张量谱分解为正、负两部分以分别定义材料受拉、受压损伤演化,并采用受拉损伤变量、受压损伤变量分别模拟混凝土材料在拉、压加载下的本构特性。引入一个加权损伤变量使得模型能较准确的反映混凝土材料的“拉-压软化效应”。最后该文给出初步试验验证,证明了该文模型的有效性。     

二维编织C/SiC复合材料非线性损伤本构模型与应用

基于二维编织C/SiC复合材料的基本力学性能试验, 建立了该材料的宏观正交各向异性非线性损伤本构模型。模型中以可检测的应变作为变量, 采用形式简单的函数分别描述了单轴拉伸和剪切加载下的材料损伤演变下的应力-应变关系, 以及卸载状态的刚度变化规律。同时, 考虑了材料的单边效应以及拉压应力状态转换时的损伤钝化行为。将此本构模型编写成UMAT子程序并引入ABAQUS有限元软件, 可以完整描述该材料的加载非线性和卸载线性的应力-应变关系特征, 及其加卸载历史。通过对带孔板的拉伸模拟, 孔边应变分布与试验结果吻合较好, 验证了本构模型的有效性。     

RPC200塑性与各向异性损伤耦合本构建模研究

针对活性粉末混凝土 (RPC200:Reactive Powder Concrete 200MPa)的非线性行为,将连续损伤力学和塑性力学结合起来,建立了RPC200的弹塑性各向异性损伤耦合本构。在有效应力空间内,采用非关联流动法则和非均匀等向强化法则建立了RPC200的塑性本构。基于损伤能释放率建立了损伤准则,并由正交法则给出损伤演化法则,同时采用两个不同的损伤硬化法则来描述拉、压性能不同的损伤硬化。证明了该文所建模型与热动力学基本原理的相容性。最后,给出了RPC弹塑性各向异性损伤耦合本构模型数值计算流程,并以简单例证证明了所建模型的预测能力。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙应变率效应试验与基于动力塑性损伤模型的模拟

应变率对混凝土材料的力学性能有着重要影响。该文在对2 片剪力墙构件进行快速加载试验的基础上,在混凝土塑性损伤模型中引入应变率效应,建立了考虑应变率效应的塑性损伤模型。应用该模型对该文所描述的快速加载下的剪力墙构件以及在拟静力作用下的另外3 个构件进行了有限元模拟,结果表明考虑应变率效应的混凝土塑性损伤模型较好地描述了钢筋混凝土剪力墙在快速加载下的非线性行为。最后,运用所建立的考虑应变率效应的混凝土塑性损伤模型对不同轴压比和加载速率下剪力墙构件的非线性性能进行了模拟与分析。     

混凝土结构材料非线性本构参数识别算法研究

针对混凝土材料特性离散性较大、本构参数不确定性较强的问题,本研究提出了基于RSM-CMA的钢筋混凝土结构材料非线性本构参数的识别算法。首先,讨论分析了ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型与规范提供的混凝土本构模型的统一方法,开发了混凝土材料子程序,获取了影响混凝土单轴应力-应变关系的敏感待识别参数,给出了损伤塑性模型屈服面函数与塑性势函数等非识别参数的建议取值。其次,基于响应面法(RSM),实现了结构宏观响应与细观本构参数间隐性关系的显式表达,基于带约束的最小二乘原理,构建目标函数,利用混沌猴群算法(CMA),实现本构参数的优化识别。最后,以钢筋混凝土拱构件的数值仿真为算例,验证了本研究所提算法的准确性。结果表明:抗压强度、峰值压应变是混凝土本构敏感性参数;抗压强度为影响结构极限承载力的最显著本构参数,弹性模量次之,峰值压应变影响最小;本研究所提算法能够较为准确地识别材料的本构参数,有助于获取精确的结构层次宏观响应,可为有限信息下材料本构参数的辨识、获取提供参考。     

混凝土变参数等效应变损伤模型

根据混凝土4种不同受力状态下应力-应变曲线的试验数据,建立了以等效应变作为参变量的变四参数等效应变损伤模型.该模型可以较好地描述复杂空间应力状态下混凝土的损伤本构关系,运用该模型计算得到的4种不同受力状态下的全过程应力-应变曲线与试验结果具有较好的一致性.     

循环荷载作用下的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型及数值实现

该文建立了一种描述混凝土在循环荷载作用下复杂力学行为的弹塑性损伤模型。该模型借助四参数等效应变将复杂的多轴问题转换至单轴等效应变空间中求解,考虑了混凝土卸载过程中的刚度退化现象及不可逆变形。同时针对等效应变的非负特性,提出了拉压转换处理方法,从而在求解损伤变量时无需区分拉损伤和压损伤。该文提出的弹塑性损伤模型数学形式简洁,且实现过程不依赖于四参数模型,实现方法普遍适用于各类混凝土等效应变模型,通过模拟单轴循环荷载试验和Koyna大坝动态损伤过程,验证了该文模型的正确性与可靠性。     

考虑体积塑性应变的岩石损伤本构模型研究

采用Eshelby等效夹杂方法建立岩石弹塑性损伤本构模型是一种有效方法,但相关文献目前还极少。在连续介质损伤力学框架内利用细观力学的Eshelby等效夹杂方法建立了考虑损伤相塑性体积变形的岩石的Helmholtz自由比能函数。利用连续介质损伤力学方法推导出了考虑损伤相塑性变形的岩石损伤本构关系,给出了损伤演化方程和塑性应变发展方程。并通过数值模拟证实该模型能够反映岩石体积塑性应变、损伤的变化规律和损伤部分不能承受拉应力等力学特性。     

Numerical simulations of oblique-angle penetration by deformable projectiles into concrete targets

Numerical simulations of oblique-angle penetration by deformable projectiles into concrete targets are performed in this paper by using the three-dimensional finite element code LS-DYNA, into which a combined dynamic constitutive model which can simultaneously describe both the compressive and tensile damage of concrete is implemented. As a consequence, the ballistic trajectories and the depths of penetration under different oblique angles (from 10° to the ricochet angle) are obtained. Moreover, the damage distribution of concrete after oblique penetration is procured, which can really reflect the tensile and compressive damage of concrete. The numerical results for the depths of penetration are compared with experimental data obtained by previous authors and show good agreement.     

Computational applications of a coupled plasticity-damage constitutive model for simulating plain concrete fracture

A coupled plasticity-damage model for plain concrete is presented in this paper. Based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM), an isotropic and anisotropic damage model coupled with a plasticity model is proposed in order to effectively predict and simulate plain concrete fracture. Two different damage evolution laws for both tension and compression are formulated for a more accurate prediction of the plain concrete behavior. In order to derive the constitutive equations and for the easiness in the numerical implementation, in the CDM framework the strain equivalence hypothesis is adopted such that the strain in the effective (undamaged) configuration is equivalent to the strain in the nominal (damaged) configuration. The proposed constitutive model has been shown to satisfy the thermodynamics requirements. Detailed numerical algorithms are developed for the finite element implementation of the proposed coupled plasticity-damage model. The numerical algorithm is coded using the user subroutine UMAT and then implemented in the commercial finite element analysis program Abaqus. Special emphasis is placed on identifying the plasticity and damage model material parameters from loading-unloading uniaxial test results. The overall performance of the proposed model is verified by comparing the model predictions to various experimental data, such as monotonic uniaxial tension and compression tests, monotonic biaxial compression test, loading-unloading uniaxial tensile and compressive tests, and mixed-mode fracture tests.     

The Effect of Initial Defects on Overall Mechanical Properties of Concrete Material

Considering the fact that the initial defects, like the imperfect interfacial transition zones (ITZ) and the micro voids in mortar matrix, weaken the mechanical properties of concrete, this study develops corresponding constitutive models for ITZ and matrix, and simulates the concrete failure with finite element methods. Specifically, an elastic-damage traction-separation model for ITZ is constructed, and an anisotropic plastic-damage model distinguishing the strength-difference under tension and compression for mortar matrix is proposed as well. In this anisotropic plastic-damage model, the weakening effect of micro voids is reflected by introducing initial isotropic damage, the distinct characteristic of tension and compression which described by decomposing damage tensor into tensile and compressive components, and the plastic yield surface which established on the effective stress space. Furthermore, by tracking the damage evolution of concrete specimens suffering uniaxial tension and compression, the effects of imperfect status of ITZ and volume fraction of initial voids on the concrete mechanical properties are investigated.     

Damage model for concrete reinforced with sliding metallic fibers

This contribution presents an effective and practical three dimensional (3D) numerical model to predict the behaviour of concrete matrix reinforced with sliding metallic fibers. Considering fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) as two-phase composite, constitutive behaviour laws of plain concrete and sliding metallic fibers were described first and then they were combined according to anisotropic damage theory to predict the mechanical behaviour of FRC. The behaviour law used for the plain concrete is based on damage and plasticity theories able to manage localized crack opening in 3D. The constitutive law of the action of sliding metallic fibers in the matrix is based on the effective stress carried by the fibers. This effective stress depends on a damage parameter related to on one hand, on the content and mechanical properties of fibers and on the other hand, on the fiber–matrix bond which itself depends on the localized crack opening. The proposed model for FRC is easy to implement in most of the finite element codes based on displacement formulation; it uses only measurable parameters like Young’s modulus, tensile and compressive strengths, fracture energies and strains at peak stress in tension and compression. A comparison between the experimental data and model results has been also provided in this paper.     

3D constitutive model of anisotropic damage for unidirectional ply based on physical failure mechanisms

A 3D anisotropic continuum damage model is developed for the computational analysis of the elastic–brittle behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite. The damage model is based on a set of phenomenological failure criteria for fibre-reinforced composite, which can distinguish the matrix and fibre failure under tensile and compressive loading. The homogenized continuum theory is adopted for the anisotropic elastic damage constitutive model. The damage modes occurring in the longitudinal and transverse directions of a ply are represented by a damage vector. The elastic damage model is implemented in a computational finite element framework, which is capable of predicting initial failure, subsequent progressive damage up to final collapse. Crack band model and viscous regularization are applied to depress the convergence difficulties associated with strain softening behaviours. To verify the accuracy of the damage model, numerical analyses of open-hole laminates with different lay-up configurations under tension and compression were performed. The numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results, and satisfactory agreement was obtained.     

考虑不同应力水平影响的混凝土徐变预测模型修正

为开展混凝土徐变预测模型修正研究,对不同应力水平下的混凝土进行了徐变试验和数值模拟,并进行了相互印证。通过数值模拟,研究了拉压应力、周期应力、双轴应力下的徐变特性,针对徐变预测模型CEB/FIP 1990估算精度低的现状,基于不同应力水平下混凝土徐变特性,结合工程实际给出了便于运用的徐变系数修正值。研究结果表明,采用的数值模拟方法为混凝土徐变预测模型的修正提供了一条新思路。     

水工混凝土弥散型裂缝数值模型中开裂判据的研究

重大水利工程中,混凝土结构多处于高水压环境,坝体或多或少存在着裂缝,然而大部分开裂的混凝土坝仍能够安全运行,从而引申出是否可以允许混凝土结构出现裂缝,多大的裂缝才不至于引起破坏,以及用怎样一个合理的指标来对混凝土开裂程度进行描述评判的问题。该文以等效塑性应变表征混凝土弥散型裂缝模型数值模拟中的开裂破坏,通过混凝土单轴拉伸数值模拟,并根据试验资料及相关文献,建立了等效塑性应变与主拉应变、裂缝宽度之间的关系,得到对应于“有害裂缝”的等效塑性应变值。将方法和成果运用到混凝土重力坝的开裂研究中,具有较好的实际工程意义。