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为了提高猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)的活性和稳定性,采用一系列具有不同长度疏水烷基的脯氨酸离子液体对PPL进行了修饰。结果表明,所有修饰酶的各项酶学性能都得到了提高,综合来说,[ProC8][H2PO4]-PPL表现出较好的催化性能,催化橄榄油水解最适活性达到原酶的2.7倍,在50℃保存2 h后的剩余酶活是原酶的5.0倍,催化效率Kcat·Km-1是原酶的4.4倍,催化α-苯乙醇转酯化的对映体选择性是原酶的1.6倍。光谱学表征揭示了PPL荧光基团微环境及二级结构的变化,这些变化与修饰酶的活性和稳定性的提高有关。与以往报道的结果相比,新型脯氨酸功能离子液体对脂肪酶催化性能的改善更为有效。 相似文献
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通过化学修饰同时提高脂肪酶包括选择性在内的酶学性能具有重要意义。以N-乙酰-脯氨酸作为手性源制备的四种离子液体对猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)进行化学修饰,通过三硝基苯磺酸法(TNBS)测定了修饰度,采用水解4-硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯的反应测定酶活。正如预期的一样,所有修饰酶的酶学性能均得到显著改善。其中修饰酶的热稳定性、有机溶剂耐受性、不同温度和pH下的耐受性甚至对映体选择性均得到同时提升。结果也表明,离子液体的组成及构型对修饰酶的酶学性能有较大程度的影响,经过[BMIM][N-AC-L-pro]修饰后的PPL各项催化性能明显优于[BMIM][N-AC-D-pro],而经过[N-AC-L-pro][Cl]和[N-AC-D-pro][Cl]修饰的PPL催化性能差异较小。经过[N-AC-L-pro][Cl]修饰后PPL展现出最高的酶活,达到原酶的2.5倍。经过[BMIM][N-AC-L-pro]修饰后的PPL展现出最佳的酶学性能,在酶活提高了1.0倍的同时,热稳定性提高了2.6倍(50℃,2.5 h),对映体选择性提高了1.5倍,在强极性质子溶剂甲醇中的稳定性也提升了1.3倍,且在不同温度、pH下也展现出了较好的稳定性与耐受性。通过荧光光谱和圆二色谱表征证明,手性离子液体成功嫁接到PPL的表面,引起脂肪酶构象的改变,从而促使酶的催化性能发生改善。通过该研究,手性离子液体被证实为是一种可用于酶分子改造并提升选择性在内各项催化性能的新型且有效的修饰剂。 相似文献
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通过化学修饰同时提高脂肪酶包括选择性在内的酶学性能具有重要意义。以N-乙酰-脯氨酸作为手性源制备的四种离子液体对猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)进行化学修饰,通过三硝基苯磺酸法(TNBS)测定了修饰度,采用水解4-硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯的反应测定酶活。正如预期的一样,所有修饰酶的酶学性能均得到显著改善。其中修饰酶的热稳定性、有机溶剂耐受性、不同温度和pH下的耐受性甚至对映体选择性均得到同时提升。结果也表明,离子液体的组成及构型对修饰酶的酶学性能有较大程度的影响,经过[BMIM][N-AC-L-pro]修饰后的PPL各项催化性能明显优于[BMIM][N-AC-D-pro],而经过[N-AC-L-pro][Cl]和[N-AC-D-pro][Cl]修饰的PPL催化性能差异较小。经过[N-AC-L-pro][Cl]修饰后PPL展现出最高的酶活,达到原酶的2.5倍。经过[BMIM][N-AC-L-pro]修饰后的PPL展现出最佳的酶学性能,在酶活提高了1.0倍的同时,热稳定性提高了2.6倍(50℃,2.5 h),对映体选择性提高了1.5倍,在强极性质子溶剂甲醇中的稳定性也提升了1.3倍,且在不同温度、pH下也展现出了较好的稳定性与耐受性。通过荧光光谱和圆二色谱表征证明,手性离子液体成功嫁接到PPL的表面,引起脂肪酶构象的改变,从而促使酶的催化性能发生改善。通过该研究,手性离子液体被证实为是一种可用于酶分子改造并提升选择性在内各项催化性能的新型且有效的修饰剂。 相似文献
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采用两步法合成并表征了阳离子不同的咪唑型和吡啶型离子液体[C4mim]BF4,[C7mim]BF4,[C4pyr]BF4和[C7pyr]BF4,并将其应用于固定化青霉素G酰化酶(ImPGA)催化分解青霉素G钾盐的反应,考察了阳离子对酶活性、稳定性、动力学的影响,及ImPGA在不同离子液体中酶活性受底物(青霉素G钾盐)抑制情况.结果表明,ImPGA在[C7pyr]BF4,[C4pyr]BF4和[C7mim]BF4中活性依次降低,在亲水性较强的[C4mim]BF4中易失去活性,其在3种离子液体中37℃下保存30min活性没有降低,米氏常数Km依次为752.15,160.57和62.74mmol/L,最大反应速率Vmax依次为0.204,0.042和0.024mmol/(g·min);底物浓度为26.85~295.32mmol/L时酶活性不受底物抑制. 相似文献
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近年来,离子液体(ILs)以其独特的优势成为生物催化反应研究的热点,尤其是作为生物催化反应的溶剂或共溶剂的研究更是备受关注.许多酶能在ILs或其形成的两相体系或单相体系中保持催化活性.如目前研究最多的脂肪酶,有多种能在ILs中表现出活性稳定、反应选择性提高、产率提高等优良特性;某些蛋白酶在ILs中稳定性提高,具有酯酶的活性;β-半乳糖苷酶在ILs中的催化产率提高;全细胞在ILs中的催化反应效果也较好;但是也有某些酶,如纤维素酶、某些过氧化物酶等在ILs中活性会降低或丧失.因此有关这一方面的研究还有待进一步深入. 相似文献
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卤代基团比羟基具有更高的反应活性,因此将含有卤素基团的有机化合物引入到纤维素骨架上可以提高其反应活性,为其后续接枝改性提供更广的应用范围。以氯乙酰氯为酯化剂,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)为反应介质,在不加任何催化剂的情况下,直接进行纤维素的均相酯化改性。着重探讨了反应温度、反应时间、酯化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。利用红外光谱(IR)以及核磁共振(NMR)对产物结构进行表征,并研究改性后纤维素在溶剂中的溶解性能。结果表明,离子液体中纤维素的均相酯化改性的最佳工艺条件为:纤维素葡萄糖单元与氯乙酰氯的摩尔比为1∶3,反应温度为常温,反应时间为2 h。此时,改性纤维素取代度为1.36。此外,改性后,纤维素酯易溶于丙酮、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃等有机溶剂。 相似文献
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Shu BAI Mengyuan REN Lele WANG Yan SUN 《Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China》2008,2(3):301-307
The regioselective acylation of pyridoxine catalyzed by immobilized lipase (Candida Antarctica) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) has been investigated, and compared with that in acetonitrile (ACN). The acetylation of pyridoxine using acetic anhydride
in [BMIM]PF6 gave comparable conversion of pyridoxine to 5-monoacetyl pyridoxine with considerably higher regioselectivity (93%–95%) than
that in ACN (70%–73%). Among the tested parameters, water activity (a
w) and temperature have profound effects on the reaction performances in either [BMIM]PF6 or ACN. For the reaction in [BMIM] PF6, higher temperature (50°C–55°C) and lower a
w (<0.01) are preferable conditions to obtain better conversion and regioselectivity. Mass transfer limitation and intrinsic
kinetic from the ionic nature of ionic liquids (ILs) may account for a different rate-temperature profile and a lower velocity
at lower temperature in [BMIM]PF6-mediated reaction. Moreover, consecutive batch reactions for enzyme reuse also show that lipase exhibited a much higher thermal
stability and better reusability in [BMIM]PF6 than in ACN, which represents another advantage of ILs as an alternative to traditional solvents beyond green technology. 相似文献
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以麦草醇解木质素为原料,丁二酸酐(SA)为酯化剂,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体为反应介质,在不添加其他反应助剂和催化剂的条件下,对木质素进行酯化改性,制备了酯化木质素。研究了温度、时间、n(SA)/n(—OH)等对酯化木质素接枝率的影响,并探讨了酯化木质素对环氧树脂(EP)热稳定性、耐热性能、弯曲应力及黏接性能的影响。结果表明:酯化木质素的接枝率随n(SA)/n(—OH)增大而提高,当酯化反应在80℃持续2.0 h时,接枝率高达68%;酯化木质素中出现明显的酯基特征峰,且其热稳定性得到改善;加入酯化木质素使EP的热稳定性得到改善,维卡软化温度提高近5.0℃,弯曲应力和拉伸剪切强度均有所增加。 相似文献
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Copoly(ionic liquid)s (coPILs) based on poly(styrene)-co-poly(4-vinylbenzylbutylimidazolium) with different anions (Cl− and HCO3−), denoted as PS-co-PVBnBuImCl 1 and PS-co-PVBnBuImHCO32, were used as reactive polymers for the purpose of post-polymerization modification and organic catalysis. While coPIL 1 could be derived into the corresponding poly(N-heterocyclic carbene)-silver transition metal complex referred to as poly(NHC–Ag) by a simple deprotonation/metallation sequence utilizing Ag2O, coPIL 2 was found to quantitatively react with various electrophiles, including CS2, isothiocyanate and transition metals (based on Pd and Au) upon formal loss of “H2CO3, affording the post-functionalized poly(NHC-CS2), poly(NHC-isothiocyanate) and poly(NHC-Met) (Met = Au, Pd) copolymers. The catalytic activity of both coPILs 1 and 2 was also examined in cyclic carbonate formation by reaction between CO2 and propylene oxide and in the benzoin condensation, respectively. 相似文献
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利用原子转移自由基聚合方法将含C2~C4烷基链的单体化合物分别接枝到皱褶假丝酵母脂肪酶(CRL)表面合成了HEMA-g-CRL、GMA-g-CRL、nPMA-g-CRL和BMA-g-CRL四种聚合物接枝CRL。CD和荧光光谱学分析显示,聚合物接枝导致HEMA-g-CRL、nPMA-g-CRL和BMA-g-CRL分子的α-螺旋和β-折叠含量增加。与此同时,聚合物接枝CRL分子荧光发射光谱也发生了蓝移,意味着其具有更加紧密的分子构象。酶活测定结果进一步显示,聚合物接枝增强CRL酶活227%~278%。随着单体化合物烷基链长增加,聚合物接枝CRL的K m值由0.17 mmol·L-1降至0.09 mmol·L-1。与此同时,聚合物接枝CRL的k cat值则提高至106~182 s-1。BMA-g-CRL的催化效率达到了野生型CRL的3.28倍。这反映出聚合物接枝助力了CRL“盖子”结构开启和CRL活性中心暴露,促进底物的转化。稳定性测试表明,聚合物接枝提升了CRL的热稳定性并拓宽了其pH操作范围。 相似文献
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The production of biodiesel was investigated using a lipase‐catalysed (Novozym 435) reaction involving methyl acetate and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] as a co‐solvent to produce an environmentally friendly, “green” process. Experiments were conducted at various amounts of ionic liquid. The reaction mechanism was examined through use of kinetic modelling and the effect of ionic liquid was studied for the first time. Studies indicated that the reaction followed a Ping–Pong Bi–Bi mechanism, and that the ionic liquid present in the system led to reduced initial reaction rates due to mass transfer limitations. 相似文献
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In this article, a new class of “green” solvent—ionic liquid (IL) was employed to improve the dyeability of wool. The physical and chemical properties of the IL‐treated wool, such as surface morphology, wettability, and tensile strength were first analyzed, and then the dyeing properties of IL‐treated wool were investigated in terms of dyeing rate, dyeing exhaustion at equilibrium, color depth, and color fastnesses. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed eroded marks on IL‐treated wool fiber surfaces. The water contact angle of the fabric treated with IL at 100°C decreased from 118.6° to 106.4°. The tensile strength of IL‐treated wool fibers was slightly decreased when the treating temperature was less than 100°C. Dyeing kinetics experiments revealed that the IL treatments greatly increased initial dyeing rate, shortened half‐dyeing time, and time to reach dyeing equilibrium. The final exhaustion and color depth of IL‐treated wool were also increased accompanying with slightly decreased color fastness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献