硫酸盐还原菌在污水处理中的应用

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一组进行硫酸盐还原代谢反应的有关细菌的通称。对硫酸盐还原菌的代谢机理进行研究和总结,阐述了酸性重金属废水的特点和硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性重金属废水的原理及特点,研究了温度、pH、和硫化物对硫酸盐还原菌在厌氧处理中的影响。     

硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀及微生物防控研究进展

综述了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）引起的微生物腐蚀作用机理,同时介绍了应用异养反硝化菌与SRB的生长空间和营养物质的竞争作用以及自养反硝化菌与SRB的拮抗作用及降低来源于SRB的硫化物,起到防止硫酸盐还原菌对油田管道的微生物腐蚀作用。     

油田水中硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀控制技术

硫酸盐还原菌（简称SRB）广泛存在于油田生产的各个环节,其代谢过程中可产生硫化氢,进而损害设备、管线,造成巨大经济损失,硫化氢会污染环境,SRB代谢产物还会堵塞地层,影响采油生产。硫酸盐还原菌主要的危害是引发生产系统的腐蚀和污染。因此,本文主要探讨了油田水中硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀的控制技术,通过采用行之有效的控制技术对SRB的生长进行有效的防控,进而减少SRB的破坏力．促进采油工作的顺利进行。希望通过本文的探讨,能够为相关方面的研究提供理论性的参考。     

油田硫酸盐还原菌的分离鉴定及生长特性研究

针对油田注水系统硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的繁殖滋生致使油田产生H2S的问题,分离、纯化得到一株硫酸盐还原菌命名为G11,基于16S r DNA测序分析,判定该菌株属于脱硫弧菌属,以SRB还原硫酸盐的效果为评价标准,采用间歇性实验方法,研究了温度、p H值、盐度、不同价态铁元素及硝酸盐等因素对SRB生长的影响。实验结果表明:SRB的最佳生长条件是温度30℃,p H值为7,盐度1.5%,硫酸盐去除率最高;同时Fe0、Fe2+对SRB的生长有促进作用,Fe3+和硝酸盐会有效抑制SRB的生长。     

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理废水的研究进展与现状

硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）是一类利用硫酸盐或者其他氧化态硫化物作为电子受体来异化有机物质的严格厌氧菌。介绍了SRB的生理特性,在阐明SRB降解水中污染物原理的基础上,充分探讨了SRB在处理重金属废水、矿山酸性废水、无机和有机废水中的应用现状及研究进展。     

硫酸盐还原菌在8个土壤试验站中的分布规律研究

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一种典型的腐蚀茵.对来自库尔勒、格尔木、拉萨、成都、大庆、沈阳、大港、鹰潭8个土壤试验站的表层土壤试样和2 m土壤试样进行了硫酸盐还原茵含量的检测,系统地分析了硫酸盐还原茵在不同土壤中的分布规律.结果表明,温度并不是决定SRB生长的唯一因素,SRB的生长状况与土壤类型关系密切.为微生物腐蚀的研究提供了依据.     

硫酸盐还原菌对油田的腐蚀状况及其微生物防控机理

介绍了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的特性、腐蚀现状、腐蚀机理、微生物防控机理,特别是反硝化菌竞争抑制治理硫酸盐还原菌造成危害的机理。     

硫酸盐还原菌的分离纯化及生长特性研究

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一类形态各异、营养类型多样,在缺氧或厌氧的条件下,能利用硫酸盐或者其他氧化态硫化物作为电子受体来氧化有机物的细菌或古菌,可以是革兰氏阴性或阳性.SRB所引起的微生物腐蚀受到了人们的广泛关注.本次实验是以西南石油大学附近的加油站淤泥为主要原料,采用叠皿夹层法对富集后的淤泥进行分离纯化,然后在不同的...     

硫酸盐还原菌的变异及其对杀菌剂敏感性的研究

中原油田原油采出污水经“水质改性”后,硫酸盐还原菌出现变异现象。作者对SRB变异后的菌体形貌、腐蚀行为进行了初步研究,同时,评价了几种常用杀菌剂对变异SRB菌的杀灭效果,从而为有效防治SRB的腐蚀提供了理论依据。     

硫酸盐还原菌对油罐底板腐蚀机理研究

在实验室中自行配置硫酸盐还原菌培养液培养硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）,采用经典的挂片实验,模拟油罐罐底环境（恒温35℃）,通过每天观察、分析Q235钢的腐蚀情况,利用失重法计算硫酸盐还原菌对油罐罐底钢板的腐蚀速率,分析腐蚀机理,为油罐罐底的防腐工作提供参考。     

硫酸盐生物还原的影响因素

含高浓度硫酸盐的工业废水的排放引起严重的环境污染，利用硫酸盐还原菌可将硫酸盐生物还原为硫化氢.本文综述了COD/SO4^2-比、SO4^2-负荷、pH值、温度、氧化还原电位、硫化物等因素对硫酸盐生物还原效果的影响.     

Influence of sulphate-reducing bacteria on environmental parameters and marine corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in aerobic conditions

The growth cycle of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), Desulfovibrio caledoniensis, and the effect of SRB on the environmental parameters and corrosion behavior of Q235 steel during a growth cycle in aerobic (air- and O₂-saturated culture solutions) and anaerobic (N₂⁻ saturated culture solutions) conditions were investigated. Oxygen dissolved in the culture solutions induced slow growth and fast decay of SRB. The growth process of SRB under anaerobic and aerobic conditions influenced sulphide anion concentration (Cs2−), pH, and conductivity (κ). The values of Cs2− and κ under aerobic conditions were lower than those under anaerobic conditions, and the pH values increased from O₂- to air- to N₂-saturated culture solutions. Aerobic conditions induced the open circuit potential (E_OC) to shift in the positive direction after the stationary phase of SRB growth. The charge transfer resistance (R_ct) increased quickly during the exponential growth phase, almost maintained stability during the stationary phase, and decreased after the stationary phase in all three conditions, and the impedance magnitude decreased from O₂- to air- to N₂-saturated culture solutions. The biofilms induced by SRB were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed in abiotic and SRB-containing systems to distinguish the corrosion products. The reasons for the effects of SRB on the environmental parameters and corrosion behavior of carbon steel are discussed.     

油田生产系统中防治硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀的工艺研究

在中原油田注水采油生产系统中，存在着严重的腐蚀问题，其原因是多方面的，但已证实硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）是引起腐蚀的主要因素之一。经中原油田实践证明：要解决ＳＲＢ的腐蚀必须进行综合治理     

Removal of Antimony in Wastewater by Antimony Tolerant Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Municipal Sludge

Antimony (Sb), a global and priority controlled pollutant, causes severe environmental issues. Bioremediation by microbial communities containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is considered to be among the safest, economical, and environmentally friendly methods to remove Sb from wastewater. However, the roles of SRB species in these communities remain uncertain, and pure cultures of bacteria that may be highly efficient have not yet been developed for Sb removal. In this study, an Sb tolerant community was enriched from municipal sludge, and molecular ecological analysis showed that Escherichia (40%) and Desulfovibrio (15%) were the dominant bacteria. Further isolation and identification showed that the enriched SRB strains were closely related to Cupidesulfovibrio oxamicus, based on the molecular analyses of 16S rRNA and dsrB genes. Among them, a strain named SRB49 exhibited the highest activity in removal of Sb(V). SRB49 was able to remove 95% of Sb(V) at a concentration of 100 mg/L within 48 h under optimum conditions: a temperature of 37–40 °C, an initial pH value of 8, 4 mM of sulfate, and an initial redox potential of 145–229 mV. SEM-EDX analysis showed that SRB49 did not adsorb Sb(V) but reduced and precipitated Sb(V) via the formation of Sb₂S₃. The results demonstrated the potential roles that pure cultures of SRB species may play in Sb removal and the use of Sb-tolerant SRB strains for Sb remediation.     

硫酸盐生物还原和重金属的去除

重金属废水的排放带来了长期的环境污染。利用硫酸盐还原菌生物还原硫酸盐的过程中同时可将重金属化学沉淀为难溶金属硫化物而去除。文章对硫酸盐生物还原法去除重金属的原理、特点、影响因素和研究现状进行了阐述．从而说明该法去除重金属是可行和有效的,它对于处理重金属废水具有现实意义。     

硫酸盐还原菌法固定酸性矿山废水中重金属的研究进展

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)法是一种极具潜力的酸性矿山废水(AMD)处理技术,如何将多种重金属分级沉淀并且分相分离出来,是SRB工艺走上工程应用的关键。本文综述了SRB法固定AMD中重金属的国内外研究进展,主要包括SRB法去除AMD中重金属的原理、SRB法分级沉淀AMD中多种重金属的工艺(分离式多级pH控制工艺及厌氧折流板反应器工艺)和SRB法厌氧污泥中金属硫化物的生物矿化(SRB介导的生物矿化成矿、生物矿化成矿影响因素及生物矿化过程微观机理),分析了此方面研究工作存在的问题。最后文章针对SRB法的深入研究及应用进行展望,认为硫酸盐还原体系中硫化物成矿的调控、成矿物相演变与微生物群落演替过程的解析以及矿化固定AMD中重金属成矿机理的探索将是今后重点关注的研究内容。     

油田污水腐蚀影响因素研究

为研究各种因素对油田污水腐蚀的影响,采用室内静态挂片失重法试验了A3碳钢在不同H2S、CO2、溶解氧、SRB浓度及不同pH值和矿化度的模拟油田水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,碳钢的腐蚀速率随H2S、CO2、溶解氧、SRB浓度的增加而增大,溶解氧会促进H2S和CO2的腐蚀,H2S会抑制CO2的腐蚀;碳钢的腐蚀速率随矿化度的增加先增大后减小,在矿化度为40 000 mg/L时达到最大;碳钢在碱性环境下的腐蚀速率比酸性环境下的腐蚀速率小的多。     

Remediation of acidic waste waters using immobilised,acidophilic sulfate‐reducing bacteria

Acidic waste waters from industrial and mining activities constitute a wordwide environmental hazard. ‘Acid mine drainage’ (AMD) waters are often highly acidic (pH < 4), contain elevated concentrations of sulfate and dissolved metals, and are toxic to most life forms. Whilst bioremediation of acidic, metal‐contaminated waters using sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) has been successfully demonstrated in pilot‐scale and full‐scale operations during the past decade, the sensitivity of characterised SRB to acidity limits their use in AMD remediation. In the current study, we have evaluated the potential use of novel acidophilic SRB for remediating acidic waste waters, in comparision with, and in conjuction with, neutrophilic SRB. Three SRB‐populations (a mixed population of acidophilic isolates, a neutrophilic culture and a mixed acidophilic/neutrophilic consortium) were immobilised on porous glass beads, packed into perspex columns and the three bioreactors percolated with synthetic medium for several months. Energy and carbon source utilisation, and tolerance to acid stress of the different consortia were evaluated. Acidophilic SRB were more efficient than the neutrophilic culture in coupling ethanol oxidation to sulfate reduction and all of the substrates tested were oxidised to acetic acid. The bioreactors containing acidophilic SRB reduced sulfate and generated alkalinity when challenged with influent at pH 3 and above, indicating that such bacteria have potential for bioremediating highly acidic waste waters. Average conversion rates of 0.25–0.30 g SO₄^2? reduced dm^?3 day^?1 were achieved with bioreactors containing acidophilic SRB, percolated with a pH 4 liquid medium. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

注水开发污水中硫酸盐还原菌抑制剂研究进展

在油田注水开发污水中,硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是引起微生物腐蚀及环境污染的主要原因之一。SRB的存在会导致金属管道及设备的腐蚀,其腐蚀产物硫化亚铁和氢氧化亚铁以及菌体本身会被油污包裹造成管道及地层堵塞,SRB的存在还会造成聚丙烯酰胺等聚合物的降解,影响后续强化采油开发。目前,油田系统中抑制SRB最常用和有效的方法是化学方法,通过在油田回注水中投加SRB抑制剂。该文综述了注水开发污水中SRB常用化学抑制剂应用现状及研究进展,将其按照杀菌机理分为氧化型抑制剂和非氧化型抑制剂两类。然而由于地层不同、采油过程不同,应采用不同种类化学抑制剂投加回注水,因此,研制相应新型、高效、环保的SRB抑制剂是目前主要研究课题。     

Microscopic Methods for Identification of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria from Various Habitats

This paper is devoted to microscopic methods for the identification of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this context, it describes various habitats, morphology and techniques used for the detection and identification of this very heterogeneous group of anaerobic microorganisms. SRB are present in almost every habitat on Earth, including freshwater and marine water, soils, sediments or animals. In the oil, water and gas industries, they can cause considerable economic losses due to their hydrogen sulfide production; in periodontal lesions and the colon of humans, they can cause health complications. Although the role of these bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases is not entirely known yet, their presence is increased in patients and produced hydrogen sulfide has a cytotoxic effect. For these reasons, methods for the detection of these microorganisms were described. Apart from selected molecular techniques, including metagenomics, fluorescence microscopy was one of the applied methods. Especially fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in various modifications was described. This method enables visual identification of SRB, determining their abundance and spatial distribution in environmental biofilms and gut samples.