含Mn合金相对T4态Al-0.35Mg-1.62Si-0.2Cu铝合金板材性能的影响

通过改变Mn含量以调控Al-0.35Mg-1.62Si-0.2Cu合金板材中含Mn合金相粒子尺寸及数量,基此,进一步研究含Mn合金相粒子尺寸和数量对T4态合金板材再结晶晶粒、强度、塑性、应变强化指数（n）值、塑性应变比（r）值及杯突值（IE）的影响,揭示了含Mn合金相粒子组态对T4态合金板材冲压成形性的作用机制,并优化出汽车车身用Al-0.35Mg-1.62Si-0.2Cu合金板材中的最佳Mn含量及相应的最佳含Mn合金相粒子的体积分数。结果表明,Mn在T4态Al-0.35Mg-1.62Si-0.2Cu合金板材中主要以3～4μm的α-Al(FeMnCr)Si过剩结晶相粒子和200～500 nm的α-Al(FeMnCr)Si弥散相粒子形式存在。当Mn含量由<0.001%增加至1.23%,两种尺度合金相粒子尺寸无明显变化,但其体积分数分别从0.08%和0.05%增加至3.70%和5.23%,合金板材的再结晶晶粒从36.13μm逐渐细化至15.42μm。合金板材的强度先降低后增大,0.2%～15%塑性变形范围内的应变强化指数（n15）值和塑性变形量为15%时的塑性应变比（r15）值先增大...     

高能球磨制备高铝锌铝合金粉末的研究

首先采用一步球磨法制备了成分为Zn-30Al-6Si-0.5Cu(质量分数/%)和Zn-30Al-3Si-3Cu(质量分数/%)的高铝锌铝合金粉末,其次采用二步球磨法制备了成分为Zn-30Al-6Si-0.5Cu(质量分数/%)的合金粉末,并利用XRD、SEM粒度分析仪对粉末的物相组成、颗粒形貌及粒度进行了表征和分析。结果表明:含硅量为6%的合金粉末的颗粒尺寸比含硅量为3%的合金粉末更为细小,尺寸分布更为集中,球磨12h之后的粉末其金相组织主要由富Al的α相、富Zn的η相以及Si相组成。经过二步球磨后的Zn-30Al-6Si-0.5Cu粉末中Al9Si相基本消失,Si相含量增加;二步球磨法制备的粉末颗粒尺寸更为细小。通过扫描电镜观察发现粉末形貌不规则,且分布不够均匀,粉末中基本未观察到类似焊片的颗粒。     

Ce对熔盐电解制备Al-Si-Sc-Ce合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用熔盐电解法制备Al-Si-(Sc,Ce)合金,研究Ce对该合金组织及力学性能的影响。发现Ce具有显著改性细化作用,使树枝状初生α-Al成为圆形或椭圆形,共晶AlSi2Sc2相由长形层片状变为网状（长度由1 000 μm减至200~500 μm）。共晶Si相形貌由针片状转变为纤维状,降低了颗粒平均面积、圆度比和平均长度,并经共晶反应生成三元CeAl2Si2相。Al-7Si-0.79Sc-0.62Ce合金显微硬度比Al-7Si-0.82Sc增大,共晶Si、含Sc和含Ce区域硬度值分别提升8.5%、49.7%和99%,其强化机制与Ce细化作用有关。     

Cu含量对共晶型活塞铝合金中液态析出相的影响

为了研究活塞合金中的析出相,以及Cu元素对其液态析出相形成规律的影响,本文分析了Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni系活塞合金中的常见液态析出相的组成。制备了5种Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni系活塞模型合金Al-13Si-1Mg-2Ni-x Cu(x=0%,2%,3%,4%,5%(质量分数)),采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析Cu含量对活塞模型合金中液态析出相的种类和形貌的影响,分析了活塞模型合金中液态析出相的析出规律。分析结果表明:当合金中不含Cu元素时,合金中的强化相主要为ε-Al3Ni相以及少量M-Mg_2Si相;当Cu元素含量为2%时,模型合金中有少量δ-Al_3Cu Ni相出现,并且δ-Al_3Cu Ni相会以ε-Al_3Ni相为基底在其周围生长,其含量有增加趋势;当Cu元素含量继续增加,超过3%时,δ-Al_3Cu Ni相会减少而γ-Al7Cu_4Ni相增多且多以块状形式存在于δ-Al_3Cu Ni相附近,此时ε-Al_3Ni相基本观察不到;并且当Cu元素含量达到4%时,Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6相出现在δ-Al_3Cu Ni相或γ-Al_7Cu_4Ni相附近;当Cu元素达5%时,Q-Al_5Cu_2Mg_8Si_6相会形成与γ-Al7Cu4Ni相的共晶组织。     

Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金焊接热裂纹倾向性研究

在不填丝的情况下,采用自动TIG焊对Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金热挤压型材进行鱼骨状裂纹试验.通过目测、金相观察、EDS分析、显微硬度测定等方法研究了该合金的焊接热裂纹倾向性及焊接接头显微组织与硬度分布.结果表明:焊缝表面与内部均未发现裂纹,合金焊接热裂纹倾向性低.焊缝区是母材在焊接热作用下熔化后激冷形成的铸态组织,主要由α-Al、Al-Si共晶相以及少量Mg2Si、含Fe相等金属间化合物构成。经T6处理后,焊缝区中呈密集纤维状的共晶硅粒状化.显微硬度测试结果显示焊态接头焊缝区硬度最高,熔合区急剧下降,在热影响区达到最低,经T6处理后,接头各区显微硬度整体提升,且波动较小.     

Cu含量对汽车车身板用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn合金显微组织的影响

采用金相、SEM/EDS、XRD等研究了Cu含量对汽车车身用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.6Mn(in wt.%)铝合金结晶相及合金板材晶粒的影响规律.结果表明:Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-(0.1~0.7)Cu-0.6Mn合金中主要存在部分可溶的浅灰色不规则条块状Al8(FeMn)2Si和黑色条块状或骨骼状结晶相Mg2Si,及完全可溶的球状或椭球状主要含Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3多相共晶产物;随着Cu含量增加,铸态合金中主要含Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3的共晶产物数量逐渐增多,而Mg2Si和Al8(FeMn)2Si结晶相变化不明显;同时,固溶后合金板材的再结晶晶粒变得越来越细,尽管Cu含量对合金冷轧板的晶粒尺寸影响不明显.     

喷射沉积AlFeVSi合金模压致密化工艺与模锻制品组织性能研究

采用喷射沉积工艺制备了快速凝固AlFeVSi合金圆锭坯.从锭坯上截取试样,采用模压工艺进行了高温(450和500℃)致密化.通过金相显微组织观察、透射电镜分析、扫描电镜分析、力学性能检测等手段,研究了在高温模压过程中的应力应变状态和金属流变规律对喷射沉积AlFeVSi合金坯的致密化过程与组织性能的影响,并采用铝包套高温(450℃)模锻工艺经将喷射沉积Al-9.20Fe-1.37V-2.30Si合金压实坯加工成完全致密化的模锻件.结果表明,高温模压可以明显提高沉积坯的致密度,但在有限的高向加载应力条件下难以使沉积坯达到理想的结合状态,与喷射沉积坯相比,虽然模压制品强度和塑性有明显提高,但仍处于低水平.喷射沉积坯经热压后,采用铝包套模锻成形,可以实现锻坯有效致密化和改善粉末间结合状态,明显提高材料屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率.喷射沉积Al-9.20Fe-1.37V-2.30Si合金直径=200 mm铝包套模锻件拉伸力学性能(σ0.2、σb和δ)可达如下指标:室温(25℃),411MPa、463MPa、9.7%,高温(350℃),180MPa、190MPa、8.9%.     

Al-3B变质对铸造Al-10Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用Al-3B对铸造Al-10Si合金进行了变质处理,运用非平衡相图和杠杆定律分析了变质处理Al-10Si合金显微组织变化规律,研究了变质处理对合金力学性能的影响.研究表明,Al-3B变质处理使铸造Al-10Si合金的凝固过冷度减小;当变质温度一定时,随着Al-3B加入量增加,铸造Al-10Si合金组织中初生α-Al相...     

快速凝固喷射沉积制备Al-40Si组织分析

针对应用广泛的低密度、低膨胀、高热导、高比强的高硅铝合金,采用快速凝固喷射沉积技术制备了Al-40Si高硅铝合金锭坯,通过光学显微镜及扫描电镜对其组织进行了分析.结果表明：合金组织特征为初生Si相均匀弥散分布于α-Al基体中,未出现共晶Si组织;随着合金中Si含量的增加,初生硅相的数量增加,平均尺寸增大;本试验所制备的Al-40Si合金中初晶硅粒子大小为5～30μm,并随合金锭坯部位的不同,初生Si大小不同,中心部位最小,底部次之,边部最大.     

Al-Fe-Si合金基体及强化相Al12(Fe,X)3Si价电子结构分析

基于EET理论,计算了Al-Fe-Si合金基体与强化相Al12Fe3Si,Al12(Fe,X)3Si的价电子结构,探讨了价电子结构与合金强化、合金相稳定性的关系及合金元素X对强化相稳定性的影响.结果表明:与基体α-Al相比,强化相Al12Fe3Si,Al12(Fe,X)3Si的n(A)值分别增强了248%,208%～231%,位错运动阻力分别增大2.48倍和2.08～2.31倍,从合金相价电子结构参数n(A)看,溶质原子固溶强化作用弱于析出相的强化作用;合金元素V,Cr,W,Mo,Mn的加入改变了Al12FeSi的价电子结构,使其原子状态组数σ(N)增加了2个数量级,使合金相的稳定性增强,进而延缓了粗化速度;V,Cr,W,Mo,Mn对Al12Fe3Si相稳定性影响的强弱顺序为Cr(Mn)→W(Mo)→V.     

Mn元素对过流冷却过共晶Al-22Si-2Fe-xMn合金显微组织及耐磨性的影响

采用常规铸造和分段式倾斜板过流冷却铸造工艺制备Al-22Si-2Fe-xMn合金，研究表明:过流冷却制备工艺能够改善初生Si形貌及尺寸，但对针状富Fe相作用有限.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射及透射电镜等手段分析过流冷却条件下Mn元素添加对富Fe相晶体结构的影响，通过摩擦磨损实验研究不同Mn/Fe质量比的过共晶Al-Si合金的硬度及耐磨损性能.结果表明:随着过流冷却铸造过共晶Al-Si合金中Mn/Fe质量比增加，合金中四方结构的长针状富Fe相逐渐减少直至基本消失，当Mn/Fe质量比为0.7时，富Fe相主要为六方结构的块状或鱼骨状α-Al₁₅（Fe，Mn）₃Si₂相，此时，合金耐磨性较未添加Mn元素时有所提升，磨损机制以磨料磨损方式为主.      

Effect of neodymium on primary silicon and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy

The mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are mainly determined by size and morphology of the primary silicon phase.So,optical microscopy(OM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were adopted to study affection of Nd on primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy in this paper.The results of OM showed that pure Nd could effectively refine primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy.When Nd addition was 0.3%,the average size of primary silicon reduced from 20-40 μm of initial sample to 10-20 μm of modified sample.XRD pattern showed that no new phase was formed after Nd modification.The results of mechanical properties test showed that whole properties of modified samples were significantly improved.Tensile strength increased about 32.6% from 147 MPa to 195 MPa.Elongation was increased about 160% from 1.0% to 2.6%.The improvement of mechanical properties should attribute to primary silicon refinement after modification.     

Effect of neodymium on primary silicon and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy

The mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are mainly determined by size and morphology of the primary silicon phase. So, optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were adopted to study affection of Nd on primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy in this paper. The results of OM showed that pure Nd could effectively refine primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy. When Nd addition was 0.3%, the average size of primary silicon reduced from 20-40 μm of initial sample to 10-20 μm of modified sample. XRD pattern showed that no new phase was formed after Nd modification. The results of mechanical properties test showed that whole properties of modified samples were significantly improved. Tensile strength increased about 32.6% from 147 MPa to 195 MPa. Elongation was increased about 160% from 1.0% to 2.6%. The improvement of mechanical properties should attribute to primary silicon refinement after modification.     

Solidification of undercooled Fe-Cr-Ni alloys: Part II. Microstructural evolution

Results are reported on microstructures of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, solidified over a range of undercoolings and quenched during or after recalescence. Alloys studied contained 70 wt pct Fe and with Cr varying from approximately 15 to 20 wt pct. The three lower Cr alloys were hypoeutectic (with fee as primary phase in equilibrium solidification); the two higher Cr alloys were hypereutectic (with bcc as primary phase in equilibrium solidification). Results obtained are in agreement with predictions based on thermal analyses previously presented; they confirm and extend the understanding gained in that work. The primary phase to solidify in the hypoeutectic alloys is bec when undercooling is greater than an amount which decreases with increasing Cr content. At the lower Cr contents, the stable fcc phase then forms by solid-state transformation of the metastable phase and its subsequent engulfment by additional fcc. At the higher Cr content, transformation is by a peritectic-like reaction in the semisolid state, except near the surface at higher undercoolings where the transformation is massive. In the hypereutectic alloys, primary solidification at all undercoolings is the stable bcc phase. Partial transformation to fcc occurs in the semisolid or solid state, depending on composition and undercooling. Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology     

铝硅合金低温加硅研究

扼要介绍了铝硅合金生产中的五种熔配工艺,以共晶型与过共晶型两种不同牌号的铝硅合金为例阐述了低温加硅熔炼技术,获得了最佳工艺,该方法质量稳定、节约能源、环境友好。     

机械合金化制备Mg76-xTi12+xNi9Cr3(x=4,8,12,16)合金贮氢性能的研究

采用机械合金化制备Mg(76-x)Ti(12+x)Ni9Cr3(x=4,8,12,16)合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和压强-成分-温度(PCT)分析等方法对合金进行分析和表征.结果表明:Mg(76-x)Ti(12+x)Ni9Cr3(x=4,8,12,16)合金相主要由Mg2...     

Microstructure and Properties of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloys Reinforced with TiC-NbC

The hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys with different contents of TiB2 and Nb were prepared by selfshielded flux cored arc welding.The microstructure of a series of hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys added with various TiB2 and Nb contents was investigated by using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In addition,their Rockwell hardness,microhardness and resistance to abrasive wear were tested.The results showed that the microstructure of a series of hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys consisted mainly of martensite,austenite,primary M7C3 carbides and eutectic M7C3 carbides.With the addition of TiB2,a new hard-phase TiC was produced in the hardfacing alloys.And in the alloys added with TiB2 and Nb,a new hard composite phase TiC-NbC was formed.The microhardness of the matrix was improved by adding TiB2 and Nb,but the effect on the Rockwell hardness of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys was insignificant.The addition of TiB2 and Nb can also decrease the size of the primary M7C3 carbides and make the primary M7C3 homogeneous.As a result,the reinforced matrix,the more homogeneous primary M7C3 carbides,and the new hard-phase TiC-NbC all improved the wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys.     

Review of Microstructure Evolution in Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloys and its Effect on Wear Properties

Al–Si alloys with silicon content more than 13 % are termed as hypereutectic alloys. In recent years, these alloys have drawn the attention of researchers due to their ability to replace cast iron parts in the transportation industry. The properties of the hypereutectic alloy are greatly dependent on the morphology, size and distribution of primary silicon crystals in the alloy. Mechanical properties of the hypereutectic Al–Si alloy can be improved by the simultaneous refinement and modification of the primary and eutectic silicon and by controlling the solidification parameters. In this paper, the effect of solidification rate and melt treatment on the evolution of microstructure in hypereutectic Al–Si alloys are reviewed. Different types of primary silicon morphology and the conditions for its nucleation and growth are explained. The paper discusses the effect of refinement/modification treatments on the microstructure and properties of the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. The importance and effect of processing variables and phosphorus refinement on the silicon morphology and wear properties of the alloy is highlighted.     

Computer Aided Cooling Curve Analysis and Microstructure of Cerium Added Hypereutectic Al–Si (LM29) Alloy

Thermal analysis of LM29 alloy and Ce added LM29 alloys was carried out. The effect of cerium addition on solidification parameters and microstructural features of hypereutectic Al-Si (LM29) alloy was studied using Newtonian analysis technique. Thermal analysis parameters such as primary and eutectic phase nucleation and solidus temperatures were determined. The addition of Ce to LM29 alloy decreased the nucleation temperature of primary silicon and eutectic silicon. The microstructural examination of Ce added LM29 alloys revealed the presence of a polyhedral shaped Al–Si–Ce compound that might have caused the refinement of primary and eutectic silicon. The dendrite coherency point temperature of LM29 alloy was found to be suppressed on addition of Ce.     

Effects of microstructure on the erosion of Al-Si alloys ny solid particles

The effects of microstructure on the erosion of Al-Si alloys by 40 μm Al₂O₃ particles were investigated. The impact angle dependence of the erosion rate of Al and the Al-Si alloys exhibited the ductile signature, whereas that for pure Si showed the brittle signature. The eroded surface of pure Al was characterized by craters, lips, overlaps and folds, and platelets; that for pure Si exhibited complex radial and lateral cracking at the impact site. At shallow impact angles these features were elongated in the direction of the tangential component of the velocity in both materials. The measured erosion rates of the Al-Si alloys were found to be in accord with an inverse rule of mixtures based on pure Al and pure Si; better agreement was, however, obtained if pure Al and the eutectic were taken as the two constituents for the hypoeutectic alloys, and pure Si and the eutectic for the hypereutectic alloys. The microstructure size had two effects: (a) scaling with respect to the impact damage zone size and (b) an influence on the physical and mechanical properties which govern material removal. The present results are considered in terms of current models for the erosion of ductile and brittle materials.