基于Internet的多agentIMS研究与实现

本文针对现代制造业的经营策略和需求不断动态变化的情况,时现代虚拟企业提出了基于Internet的多agent智能制造系统的解决方案.主要内容包括基于Internet的IMS控制结构的建立、有关agent的层次划分,智能制造系统的构成框架以及具体智能agent单元任务分解与结点建立.     

制造系统控制结构现状和发展——从集中结构到动态结构

系统的决策控制系统依赖于系统内部的控制结构,制造系统的控制结构是先进制造与自动化领域的重要研究课题。制造系统的控制结构与计算机技术、生产设备自动化水平及制造模式等因素有关。早期的制造系统采用集中控制结构,而柔性制造系统和计算机集成制造系统多采用递阶控制结构。目前制造业已进入一个新时代,传统生产模式和企业结构无法适应不可预测的激烈的环境变化。因此,未来制造系统需要具备快速变化能力的动态控制结构。     

制造业自动化的绿色化发展趋势

<正>制造业自动化是先进制造技术中的重要组成部分,也是当今制造工程范畴中涉及面广、研究十分活跃的领域。我国对制造业自动化的研究十分重视,近年来已在研究和应用上作了大量工作,主要表现在制造系统中的集成技术和系统技术、人机一体化制造系统、制造单元技术、制造过程的计划和调度、柔性制造技术和适应现代生产模式的制造环境的研究方面。制     

现代仿真技术在制造系统中的应用

制造系统的日趋复杂,给系统的分析设计人员、维护人员和管理者带来很大的困难.在现代仿真理论技术研究中,尤其是在离散事件仿真领域,人们得到了许多处理复杂系统和系统复杂性问题的方法.该文讨论如何将处理复杂系统的仿真方法用于现代制造系统,介绍了对制造系统中随机量的建模方法,并讨论了面向制造系统仿真的软件包,对当前应用比较广泛的通用仿真软件包Extend进行了介绍,最后给出一个使用Extend对制造系统进行仿真的例子.     

CIMS在机床上下料自动化行业的应用

CIMS(计算机集成制造系统)是将信息技术、现代管理技术和制造技术相结合。本文通过CIMS这一高效、高自由度的系统在机床上下料自动化行业的应用,介绍了基于CIMS机床上下料自动化系统的控制结构特点及工作流程。     

倍福：助力工程机械智能化生产

现代制造业，是指融合了互联网、通信、计算机等信息化手段和现代管理思想与方法的制造服务业。目前，我国的制造业正处于向现代制造业转型的初级阶段。现代制造车间作为现代制造系统的子单元，只有现代制造车间转型好了，才能保证现代制造业的更好转型。在制造系统中，物料的运输操作包括原材料、半成品和成品间的存储和运输。据报道，制造系统中的物料运输操作的成本占制造总成本的20％～50％，因物料在运输过程中并不增值，所以多年来人们一直在致力研究降低物料运输成本的方法。     

CIMSNET支持的敏捷制造模式研究

现代集成制造系统网络（CIMSNET）是由国家科委和CIMS主题组组织建立的一个多子网集成的应用网络体系。文章描述了该网支持的信息获取与发布、远程教学与监控、制造服务网络化、合作设计开发等敏捷制造模式,并对相应的功能模型进行了研究。     

方兴未艾的制造信息学研究

根据现代制造业的发展趋势，本文给出了制造信息学的基本概念以及制造信息的性质和类型，提出了制造信息学的体系结构和理论基础，并讨论了制造信息学的有关研究内容，制造信息学为制造系统研究提供了一种新的方法。     

制造系统生态化概念、 内涵及展望

当前我国传统制造业受到了多重压力,如何实现突围是我国经济发展的难题.从整体上看,我国全产业链全要素在整体上完备充足,但从局部上,很多传统产品制造系统链条过长,在面临不确定时出现效率不高和能力不足问题,如何将整体充足的要素资源和闲置的能力整合服务于面临困境的制造体系值得研究.商业生态系统是一种多边合作机制,在汇聚资源、促进跨领域多资源的互动和协同具有优势,作为一种复杂条件下协调跨组织关系的治理机制对于解决传统制造企业面临的困境具有重要意义.然而,实际中制造企业受传统链式模式思维影响,对于如何借助商业生态系统模式解决企业发展中的问题较为模糊.理论领域对商业生态系统已开展研究,但多是针对纯商业生态系统模式展开讨论,针对传统制造系统融合商业生态系统模式(即制造系统生态化)的研究尚处于起步阶段.鉴于此,通过相关概念梳理、文献综述总结制造系统生态化的概念及内涵,并对制造系统生态化的未来研究提出展望.     

基于MAS的车间调度控制系统的研究

讨论了分布式控制结构和传统的递阶式控制结构的特点，面向任务建立了基于MAs的调度控制系统模型并建立了agent间的协作模型以及通信模型。整个系统运用动态重组的思想，采用分级分布式控制和并行处理相结合的组织结构和运行模式，将整个车间的调度问题分解为一系列子调度问题，满足了现代制造系统对动态性、柔性和敏捷性的要求。     

Cloud manufacturing: Strategic vision and state-of-the-art

Cloud manufacturing, a service oriented, customer centric, demand driven manufacturing model is explored in both its possible future and current states. A unique strategic vision for the field is documented, and the current state of technology is presented from both industry and academic viewpoints. Key commercial implementations are presented, along with the state of research in fields critical to enablement of cloud manufacturing, including but not limited to automation, industrial control systems, service composition, flexibility, business models, and proposed implementation models and architectures. Comparison of the strategic vision and current state leads to suggestions for future work, including research in the areas of high speed, long distance industrial control systems, flexibility enablement, business models, cloud computing applications in manufacturing, and prominent implementation architectures.     

Agent-based distributed manufacturing control: A state-of-the-art survey

Manufacturing has faced significant changes during the last years, namely the move from a local economy towards a global and competitive economy, with markets demanding for highly customized products of high quality at lower costs, and with short life cycles. In this environment, manufacturing enterprises, to remain competitive, must respond closely to customer demands by improving their flexibility and agility, while maintaining their productivity and quality. Dynamic response to emergence is becoming a key issue in manufacturing field because traditional manufacturing control systems are built upon rigid control architectures, which cannot respond efficiently and effectively to dynamic change. In these circumstances, the current challenge is to develop manufacturing control systems that exhibit intelligence, robustness and adaptation to the environment changes and disturbances. The introduction of multi-agent systems and holonic manufacturing systems paradigms addresses these requirements, bringing the advantages of modularity, decentralization, autonomy, scalability and re-usability. This paper surveys the literature in manufacturing control systems using distributed artificial intelligence techniques, namely multi-agent systems and holonic manufacturing systems principles. The paper also discusses the reasons for the weak adoption of these approaches by industry and points out the challenges and research opportunities for the future.     

可重构制造系统的可重构控制器

可重构控制器是可重构制造系统的重要组成部分之一。该文提出了可重构控制器的体系结构。分析了实现可重构制造系统的可重构控制的方法。仿真研究表明可重构控制是实现可重构制造系统控制系统可重构的有效方法。     

Synthesis of product-driven coordination controllers for a class of discrete-event manufacturing systems

A synthesis approach is proposed for discrete-event coordination architectures applied to a class of automated manufacturing systems (AMS) in which a clear separation is established between equipment control activities and product manufacturing procedures. Manufacturing procedures are modeled by regular languages constructed with a class of control commands named imperative. Equipment controllers are synthesized as a standard discrete-event supervisors dealing only with operational and safety issues of equipment groupings. The control of equipment modules is carried out following the imperative control commands sequences. Conditions are established to guarantee that the manufacturing procedure of a given product can be achieved using the synthesized supervisors in a particular AMS. Therefore, equipment controllers are not needed to be modified to consider the manufacturing of different products, whilst the construction of achievable manufacturing procedures becomes an “ad hoc” simple process using a reduced set of procedural blocks. The approach is illustrated with an experimental AMS.     

Performance comparison and analysis of reactive and planning-based control architectures for manufacturing

Although numerous distributed architectures ranging from hierarchical to non-hierarchical (or heterarchical) have been proposed for the control of manufacturing systems, very little research has focused on quantitative comparisons of these architectures. In this paper, an objective comparison of two architectures, each required to control the same manufacturing cell, is presented. The objective of this work is to gain insight into the behaviour of alternative control architectures that will ultimately be used to determine the best control architecture for a given manufacturing system. In particular, this research focuses on the role of planning horizon in control architecture design to determine whether intelligent control agents should plan ahead or simply react to change in their environment.     

ORCA-FMS: a dynamic architecture for the optimized and reactive control of flexible manufacturing scheduling

Reactive and effective hybrid manufacturing control architectures, combining hierarchy and heterarchy adapted to the current constraints of the industrial market and its environment were created. In this article, a new generic hybrid control architecture called ORCA (dynamic Architecture for an Optimized and Reactive Control) is first proposed. This hybrid architecture is able to dynamically and partially switch between a hierarchical predictive architecture and a heterarchical reactive architecture, if an event forbidding the planned behavior to be followed occurs. In this article, this architecture was applied to a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) problem and denoted ORCA-FMS. ORCA-FMS was tested on an existing manufacturing cell with simulations and real experiments to prove the applicability and the effectiveness of this kind of hybrid architecture in an industrial environment.     

Bifurcation Control,Manufacturing Planning and Formation Control

The paper consists of three topics on control theory and engineering applications, namely bifurcation control, manufacturing planning, and formation control. For each topic, we summarize the control problem to be addressed and some key ideas used in our recent research. Interested readers are referred to related publications for more details. Each of the three topics in this paper is technically independent from the other ones. However, all three parts together reflect the recent research activities of the first author, jointly with other researchers in different fields.     

A distributed architecture for reconfigurable control of continuous process operations

This paper considers a new distributed approach to reconfigurable control of continuous process operations such as in chemical plants. The research is set on a premise that emerging business pressures of product customization and industrial globalization will lead to increased need for reconfigurability in process plants. The ability of processes to support dynamic and smooth reorganization of process schemes in tandem with the changing requirements of supply chains will become important in future. Conventional control approaches based on hierarchical architectures are limited in dealing with such emerging requirements due to their inflexible structures and operating rules. Instead, more distributed approaches are required which can support increased level of reconfigurability in control systems, especially at the lower levels in hierarchy where the visibility to disturbances remains high. In this paper, one such distributed approach is considered based on the concepts of holonic manufacturing and supply chain management. The proposed approach distributes the functionality of process control into several reconfigurable process elements. These elements, while having a stand-alone capability for making their own control decisions, are also able to reconfigure themselves into alternative process schemes which evolve with the changing requirements of production. An analogy between process plants and so-called dynamic supply networks or virtual enterprises is used in this paper to define the composition of reconfigurable process elements and their operations. The proposed approach is shown to offer improved process control system reconfigurability and a control architecture which is compatible with the supply chain management needs at the next higher level. The purpose of this paper is qualitative and motivational. It is aimed to propose a new research direction in the field of reconfigurable process control.     

Non-centralised control strategies for energy-efficient and flexible manufacturing systems

The manufacturing industry is transforming towards smart, energy-efficient, and flexible manufacturing systems. In this regard, this work deals with the design of non-centralised control architectures to improve the energy efficiency of such systems and to promote their flexibility. Based on both the configuration of manufacturing systems and their coupling dynamics, these systems are divided into sub-systems, from which smaller control problems can be stated. Thus, control/management strategies can also be modularised to confer more flexibility to manufacturing systems. Then, by using suitable distributed optimisation techniques, and properly defining the consensus stages among the local controllers, the outputs from such controllers are optimally coordinated to minimise the total energy consumption of the whole system. The proposed control strategies are tested in simulation for a typical process line of automotive parts manufacturing industry, in which the main processing units are machine tools. Based on the obtained results, manufacturing systems and their control strategies could be suitably modularised using non-centralised control schemes, from which a closed-loop performance similar to its centralised counterpart can be achieved.     

An object-oriented framework for developing distributed manufacturing architectures

Management of complexity, changes and disturbances is one of the key issues of production today. Distributed, agent-based structures represent viable alternatives to hierarchical systems provided with reactive/proactive capabilities. In the paper, approaches to distributed manufacturing architectures are surveyed, and their fundamental features are highlighted, together with the main questions to be answered while designing new structures. Moreover, an object-oriented simulation framework for development and evaluation of multi-agent manufacturing architectures is introduced.