岩体工程与岩体力学仿真分析——各向异性开挖卸荷岩体力学研究

概述了岩体工程与岩体力学研究现状 ,讨论了现理论研究成果与岩体工程实际监测资料不相吻合的问题。分析其主要原因 ,是现岩体力学研究理论模型与岩体工程实际力学模型不相吻合所致。故应严格根据岩体工程实际力学动态相应进行岩体力学仿真分析 ,方可得到正确的分析成果。笔者曾提出“卸荷岩体力学”的概念 ,以归纳开挖卸荷岩体力学研究内容 ,已经高边坡和地下工程实例所验证 ,开挖卸荷岩体力学研究是岩体工程及其力学仿真分析的重要组成部分。     

研究生岩石力学课程教学改革探讨

岩石力学既是一门富含理论,又是一门实践性很强的工程学科。作为岩土工程、水利水电工程、隧道工程以及矿业工程等专业研究生的重要专业基础课之一。为满足日益发展的基础设施建设对岩石力学高层次人材的需求,研究生岩石力学教学改革势在必行。文章在详细分析岩石力学课程教学主要特点的基础上,对目前中国高校研究生岩石力学教学中存在的问题进行了探讨,结合教学实际情况,提出了今后研究生岩石力学课程教学改革的思路及指导思想。     

岩体力学课程教学方法探讨

岩体力学课程是土木工程和地质工程等专业的基础理论课程,也是本科阶段重要的专业课程。文章总结出岩体力学课程本科教学的三个重要理念：突出岩体介质的复杂性、强调岩体力学理论的实践性、阐明岩体力学发展的前瞻性。实际证明,将这三大理念在课堂教学融会贯通,能够让学生更加完整地学习岩体力学知识体系的精髓。     

地下软岩工程可靠度研究

软岩工程是岩体力学研究领域的难点问题之一。影响地下软岩工程围岩稳定性因素比一般的岩体工程存在更大的随机性和不确定性 ,因此 ,在地下软岩工程围岩稳定性分析方法中开展可靠度方法的研究是非常必要的。本文分析了软岩工程围岩的物理和力学参数的随机性。根据煤矿地下软岩巷道特点 ,建立了在近水平层状力学介质中和似连续力学介质中这两类主要软岩巷道围岩在锚喷支护下的可靠度分析方程。工程实例分析验证本文的研究结论是可信的 ,展示了其广阔的应用前景。     

岩石力学课程的现状与案例教改思路探讨

岩石力学是土木工程专业本科生的专业主干课程,理论性强且教学内容丰富而繁杂。通过分析岩石力学教学的现状及课程特点,指出课堂教学中存在的问题,提出进行案例教学改革的必要性和紧迫性。文章探讨了岩石力学案例教改思路,包括工程案例素材的搜集、案例教学的设计及案例教学实施等。研究成果对岩石力学课程的教学改革具有指导与借鉴意义。     

Advances in statistical mechanics of rock masses and its engineering applications

To efficiently link the continuum mechanics for rocks with the structural statistics of rock masses,a theoretical and methodological system called the statistical mechanics of rock masses(SMRM)was developed in the past three decades.In SMRM,equivalent continuum models of stressestrain relationship,strength and failure probability for jointed rock masses were established,which were based on the geometric probability models characterising the rock mass structure.This follows the statistical physics,the continuum mechanics,the fracture mechanics and the weakest link hypothesis.A general constitutive model and complete stressestrain models under compressive and shear conditions were also developed as the derivatives of the SMRM theory.An SMRM calculation system was then developed to provide fast and precise solutions for parameter estimations of rock masses,such as full-direction rock quality designation(RQD),elastic modulus,Coulomb compressive strength,rock mass quality rating,and Poisson’s ratio and shear strength.The constitutive equations involved in SMRM were integrated into a FLAC3D based numerical module to apply for engineering rock masses.It is also capable of analysing the complete deformation of rock masses and active reinforcement of engineering rock masses.Examples of engineering applications of SMRM were presented,including a rock mass at QBT hydropower station in northwestern China,a dam slope of Zongo II hydropower station in D.R.Congo,an open-pit mine in Dexing,China,an underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station in southwestern China,and a typical circular tunnel in Lanzhou-Chongqing railway,China.These applications verified the reliability of the SMRM and demonstrated its applicability to broad engineering issues associated with jointed rock masses.     

面向“卓越计划”的岩石力学课程教学改革探讨

"卓越计划"是促进中国由工程教育大国迈向工程教育强国的重大举措。岩石力学作为典型的跨行业通用课程是一门应用性和实践性很强的应用基础学科,在目前的教学过程中存在轻视基础概念、标准混乱陈旧、忽视工程能力培养的问题,难以达到"卓越计划"的培养要求。从土木工程专业教学实践出发,提出了教学内容模块化,合理选择培养标准;强化基本概念理解,培养创新能力;深入工程现场,提升工程能力的教学改革方案,收到了良好的教学效果。     

岩石损伤本构模型研究进展

对国内外近年来岩石损伤本构关系研究的现状及新进展进行了较为详细的论述,并提出了岩石损伤本构模型尚待研究解决的问题,为推动损伤力学在工程中的应用提供了理论基础。     

高性能计算技术在岩石力学课程教学中的应用

岩石力学是一门实践性很强的课程,工程实例、实验模型和理论模型的结合将直接影响课程的教学效果。介绍了把基于高性能计算技术的软、硬件平台应用于岩石力学教学的情况,拓宽了传统实验教学中的实验对象,实现了对工程实例、实验模型和理论模型的精细数值表征;通过鼓励学生自发设计模型进行数值模拟分析,激发了学生的思维能力和创造性,有利于学生理解和掌握教学内容。在高性能计算机日益普及的形势下,对国内高校岩石力学教学提供了有益的参考。     

渗流对岩体强度影响的机理研究

渗流作用对岩体强度的影响主要表现在渗水对岩体的物理化学作用和力学作用,并结合材料力学理论推导出了存在空隙水压力的岩体中任一面上的有效应力及岩体抗剪强度的降低量,其结果对评价渗流作用下工程岩体的稳定与破坏具有十分重要的意义.     

Latest progress of soft rock mechanics and engineering in China

The progress of soft rock mechanics and associated technology in China is basically accompanied by the development of mining engineering and the increasing disasters of large rock deformation during construction of underground engineering.In this regard,Chinese scholars proposed various concepts and classification methods for soft rocks in terms of engineering practices.The large deformation mechanism of engineering soft rocks is to be understood through numerous experiments;and thus a coupled support theory for soft rock roadways is established,followed by the development of a new support material,i.e.the constant resistance and large deformation bolt/anchor with negative Poisson’s ratio effect,and associated control technology.Field results show that large deformation problems related to numbers of engineering cases can be well addressed with this new technology,an effective way for similar soft rock deformation control.     

隧道围岩稳定分析中Hoek-Brown强度准则的运用

结合经典岩体力学理论分析了隧道围岩失稳的原因,然后提出了基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的围岩稳定分析方法,并且结合工程实例论述了其在隧道围岩分析中运用的优越性,认为用其判别完整坚硬围岩的破裂扩展情况的方法是可行的。     

中国岩石力学与工程的世纪成就与历史使命

就中国岩石力学与工程学科现代化进程作粗浅探讨，扼要地总结了20世纪岩石力学研究与工程建设实践在我国所取得的成就。今天在我国现代化建设中，岩石力学专家和工程师们面前出现难得的机遇，一座巨大无比的可持续发展的舞台，等待着他们展示聪明才智和博学多能。同时，他们也将面临全球化发展的激烈竞争和严峻挑战。只有勇于创新，敢于实践，才可期待一个现代化的岩石力学与工程学科在中国大地上显现辉煌。     

节理岩体变形分析与计算模型探讨

主要分析了岩体模型的简化,提出了均质节理岩体的本构模型,并在简单讨论了非连续变形数值分析方法的同时,讨论和分析了非连续变形计算力学模型的基本原理,它可以很精确地预测岩土工程中的变形和接触力分布及其整体稳定安全系数,并论证了它的合理性。     

Three-dimensional modeling of borehole data cored from engineering rock mass

Vast data from the drilling and geophysical prospecting are reliable original information to describe the space state of engineering rock mass, and one of the main difficulties in three-dimensional (3D) modeling of engineering rock mass is the processing of the primary data. From the view-point of 3D modeling, the engineering rock masses are classified as four basic types according to their geometric characteristics of geologic structure: (1) continuum rock mass; (2) discontinuous rock mass; (3) overturned fold rock mass and (4) intrusive rock mass. Because drilling data are very important to describe the characters of multi-scale of the spatial data for rock mass, the rule of how to process drilling data is developed to help appropriately display them in the viewpoint of 3D space. According to the characteristics of rock mass layers, the processing method of drilling data for 3D modeling of engineering rock masses, along with the layer thicknesses, is also proposed, including the evaluation rules and the extensive direction for original borehole data. By this method, the typical 3D data modeled is completed and the model form of the engineering rock mass is developed. By this example, it is finally verified that the method presented is successful and feasible to process 3D engineering rock mass. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(11): 1 821–1 826 [译自: 岩石力学与工程学报]     

Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.     

不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性

通过对加、卸荷应力状态下岩石类材料声发射变化的比较，探讨岩石类材料破坏过程中的声发射现象。在三维应力状态下对岩体模型试样进行三种卸荷破坏试验，依据损伤力学理论对试验结果进行分析，揭示了在工程卸荷作用下岩石类材料的声发射特性。     

岩体结构面力学特性的试验研究

分析了当前各种工程中岩体所处的应力状态,主要针对结构面在卸载条件下的力学特性进行了基础性的研究,通过进行卸载下结构面的剪切试验,获取了其相应的力学特性,研究了在这样的力学条件下,其强度、变形等力学特性的规律。     

裂隙岩体渗流场与应力场耦合研究进展与展望

在分析岩体多介质渗透特性的基础上，提出了岩体多介质渗透类型，综述了裂隙岩体渗流场与应力场耦合模型的研究进展，并提出耦合模型进一步研究的方向。     

人工神经网络与遗传算法在岩石力学中的应用

岩石力学与岩石工程问题包含极其丰富的内容，实际工程问题又不断地提出各种新的要求，致使很多问题利用传统的方法难于解决。借鉴其他相关学科的先进思想与技术来解决岩石力学研究中的难点问题，已经成为当前岩石力学研究领域的一个热门课题。计算智能中有关模型与方法的利用有助于我们更深入地研究与解决岩石力学中的某些问题。参考近年来人工神经网络与遗传算法在岩石力学应用中的某些问题，对有关课题的研究状况与进展做了介绍，对计算智能在岩石力学与岩石工程中的应用研究做了展望。